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S S Marennikova

Publications and source records attributed to S S Marennikova.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1993

Comparison of the genetic maps of variola and vaccinia viruses.

The complete genetic map of the variola major virus strain India-1967 is built basing on the sequence data. The suggested map is compared with the maps of the sequenced genomic regions of Copenhagen and Western Reserve strains of vaccinia virus and Harvey strain of variola major virus. The principle differences revealed in the genomic organization of these viruses are discussed.

DNA, Viral↗
PubMed1993

Nucleotide sequence analysis of variola virus HindIII M, L, I genome fragments.

DNA of the variola major virus strain India-1967 in the region of HindIII M, L, I fragments has been sequenced. Analysis of this sequence of 18029 bp revealed 19 potential open reading frames (ORFs). Four proposed proteins (L2R, H9R, L5L, L6R) contain metal-binding domains. Comparison of the variola virus (VAR) and vaccinia virus strain Copenhagen (COP) sequences show that the main differences are between proteins L1R and I5R. L1R contains 6 additional amino acid residues on the C-terminus. The protein I5R of VAR contains three Ca2+ binding domains but this COP has deletions in 2 of the 3 established domains. Possible functions of the predicted viral polypeptides are discussed.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1992

Experimental infection of domestic cats by cowpox virus.

Infection of young domestic cats by cowpox virus isolated from sick rodents (family Muridae) revealed their high susceptibility to the virus; a severe disease with 100% lethality developed after oral inoculation as well as upon skin scarification. The disease in dermally infected animals was accompanied by eruptions on the site of inoculation. High concentration of the virus was detected in lungs of animals infected by either of inoculation routes. The data testify the possible participation of domestic cats as intermediate hosts in the circulation of cowpox virus.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

[Expert research on sera yielding false-positive results for HIV antibodies during screening].

The significance of different serological methods and assay systems for the verification of false positive cases of HIV infection has been analyzed on the basis of materials obtained in arbitration studies. As demonstrated by this analysis, the use of such highly specific and sensitive systems as Huma-Lab, Enzygnost, Serodia and Erythrorecombinant has made it possible to obtain a reliable result as early as at the first stage of expert diagnosis in the enzyme immunoassay and the agglutination test. The methods of radioimmunoprecipitation and indirect immunofluorescence have permitted a more precise differentiation of doubtful results than that achieved by immune blotting.

Agglutination Tests↗
PubMed1991

[The development and use of an immunoenzyme test system for detecting and the species identification of the monkey pox virus].

An enzyme immunoassay (EIA) system for the species-specific diagnosis of monkeypox, based on the use of monoclonal antibodies (McAb) to monkeypox virus, has been developed. Immunoglobulins, isolated from McAb-containing cultural and immune ascitic fluids, have been conjugated with horse-radish peroxidase and used as detector antibodies. For immunosorption, rabbit polyclonal antibodies to the vaccine virus have been used. The specificity and sensitivity of the EIA system thus obtained have been tested on animals and humans having monkeypox and confirmed by traditional diagnostic methods (the isolation of the virus on chick embryo chorioallantoic membranes and in cell culture).

Animals↗
PubMed1991

[3 cases of viral carriage detected during screening for HIV antibodies].

The results of screening more than 23,000 serum samples from persons belonging to risk groups, as well as those not belonging to such groups, in Moscow, Vilnius and Klaipeda are presented. Screening was carried out with the use of an assay system manufactured by the Scientific and Industrial Amalgamation "Antigen" (USSR). In this screening 3 HIV carriers were detected; of these, 2 were foreign students from two African countries.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1990

Smallpox diagnosed 400 years later: results of skin lesions examination of 16th century Italian mummy.

Results are presented on virological examination conducted on WHO request of a Naples infant mummy with smallpox-like lesions. Electron microscopy of lesions confirmed the findings of Italian researchers: well-preserved virus-like structures, whose size and morphology were identical to those of orthopoxviruses have been revealed. It was shown that the virus in mummy skin had lost its viability. Viral antigenic activity could not be detected in EIA or RPHA, nor was determined its DNA in the test of DNA molecular hybridization.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed1989

[Tenth anniversary of smallpox eradication: Results of epidemiological and virological surveillance and studies in the post-eradication period].

In accordance with recommendations of the Global Commission on the certification of smallpox eradication for the 10-year period after the eradication of this infection, all suspected cases of smallpox have been thoroughly checked up, and in none of them the diagnosis of smallpox has been confirmed. The study of monkeypox in humans has revealed that this zoonosis is spread over a wider area than supposed earlier and covers 7 countries of Equatorial Africa, occurring most frequently in Zaire. In about 70% of cases of monkeypox in human the disease is contracted from animals serving as natural virus carriers and in about one-third of such cases, from humans having monkeypox. The infectivity of humans with monkeypox for persons having close contacts with them is somewhat lower (12.3%) than in smallpox when this characteristic varies from 37% to 88%. Monkeypox in humans may take an asymptomatic course. Some species of tropical squirrels serve as natural virus carriers. These investigations have also resulted in essential corrections being made in understanding the ecology of cowpox virus, another orthopoxvirus pathogenic for man. At least 5 species of rodents have proved to be of interest as natural carriers of cowpox virus.

Africa↗
PubMed1989

Monkey pox in humans: current results.

The presented studies were performed at the WHO Collaboration Center for Smallpox in Moscow in the framework of the WHO monkey pox project. The authors recommend improved methods for rapid detection of orthopoxvirus antigen, namely passive haemagglutination (PHA) using dried stable red blood cells and ELISA in order to provide more rapid and efficient laboratory diagnosis under field conditions. Independent serologic diagnosis of monkey pox by ELISA-adsorption (ELISA-A) was proved of value for epidemiological studies and for detection of inapparent infections. The application range of the latter technique and its limitations were also determined.

Antibodies, Viral↗
PubMed1988

Monoclonal antibodies to monkey pox virus: preparation and application.

Two fusion experiments with NSO myeloma cells yielded 30 hybrid cell lines which continuously and actively secreted monoclonal antibodies (MoAb) to monkey pox virus. Eight lines appeared to produce antibodies to specific antigenic determinants. The isotype and serologic reactivity of MoAb to monkey pox virus was characterized and the karyotype of several hybridomas determined. An enzyme labelled conjugate has been prepared from MoAb selectively reacting with monkey pox virus. This conjugate allowed the identification of monkey pox virus in the materials from patients. It also helped to determine that an orthopoxvirus isolated from wild squirrel in the Republic of Zaire was monkey pox virus.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Human monkeypox: a study of 2,510 contacts of 214 patients.

A study of 2,510 contacts of 214 patients with human monkeypox was conducted in Zaire from 1980 to 1984. Among the contacts of 130 primary cases of human monkeypox, a further 22 co-primary and 62 secondary cases were detected, and an additional fourteen people who had no evidence of clinical disease had positive serological results. A majority of the clinical and subclinical cases of monkeypox occurred in children less than 10 years of age. Immunity in vaccinated persons now appears to be waning because 16 overt cases occurred in contacts who had been vaccinated. The overall attack rate for contacts without a vaccination scar (7.2%) differed significantly from the attack rate for those who had been vaccinated in the past (0.9%). The attack rate for household contacts was significantly higher than that for other contacts, among both unvaccinated (four times higher) and vaccinated (seven times higher) household contacts. Many unvaccinated contacts living in the same household as the index case under conditions of maximum exposure, however, escaped not only the disease but also infection.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Standardization of ELISA for detection of antibodies to orthopoxviruses.

The experience with ELISA technique utilized at serological screening for orthopoxviruses in the Republic of Ivory Coast revealed factors reducing the sensitivity and the specificity of the test. It was found out that routine controls such as "positive" and "negative" sera as well as the accepted reading of the results by two-fold or higher increase of OD values as compared to the "negative" control may be not sufficient. A significantly enhanced sensitivity and specificity of reaction was achieved by simultaneous examination of each serum under study with a control antigen. Selection of optimal dilutions of each test component followed by spectrophotometric assay and calculation of results according to the given formula contributed to the same aim. As a result of these improvements the rate of antibody detection among revaccinees was enhanced from 19 to 78.8% and the titres of ELISA and virus neutralization tests correlated in 88% of cases.

Antibodies, Viral↗
PubMed1985

[Monkey pox virus infection in humans in the Central African Republic].

A human monkeypox outbreak is reported which occurred in January 1984 in the extreme south-west areas of the Central African Republic. Six persons were found to be affected in a Pygmy camp with an estimated population of 50 residents. In the two affected families, out of 11 members, only unvaccinated children and a 22 year old unvaccinated woman contracted the disease. The disease was of moderate severity in two patients and very mild in the other four. The clinical diagnosis was confirmed by virus isolation from skin lesions of 4 patients and by sero-immunologic tests in all of them. The clinically apparent monkeypox case reported in the Central African Republic in 1983, the presently described outbreak, as well as information on the disease obtained from Pygmies and missionary paramedical staff who are in frequent contact with them, suggest that monkeypox is enzootic in the tropical rain forest in the south-west areas of the Central African Republic.

Central African Republic↗