Biomedical subjects

S S Kang

Publications and source records attributed to S S Kang.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed2005

Are your arteries older than your age?

PURPOSE: To determine the effect of age and atherosclerotic risk factors on the carotid intima-media layer thickness and morphology characteristics. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Three groups of subjects were included in the study: Individuals with atherosclerotic risk factors including a family history of CHD, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, diabetes, and/or smoking (group A, n=180), age- and sex-matched healthy subjects without risk factors (group B, n=60) and a group of significantly younger volunteers (group C, n=25). The carotid artery was imaged longitudinally with B-mode ultrasound. Intima media thickness (IMT) was measured in the common (CCA) and internal carotid (ICA) arteries. Surface irregularity and continuity of the intima-media layer (IML) were assessed by high definition imaging. Echogenicity of the wall was quantified using Adobe Photoshop. The presence of calcium deposits was recorded. The double line wall pattern seen in young healthy people was used as a control to assess patterns and texture of the carotid IML. Fifteen subjects had their measurements repeated for intraobserver variability. RESULTS: IMT measurements were reproducible in both the CCA and ICA (coefficient of variation 6% and 9%). IMT increased linearly with age (adjusted R(2)=0.72, p<0.0001), which was also an independent risk factor for increased IMT. All the risk factors had a significant association with increased IMT. In the lowest (third) decade the wall/blood interface was smooth and the double line was visualized with an echolucent center. With increased age and number of risk factors present, the wall/blood interface became more irregular (p<0.01), the double line was distorted (p<0.01) and the IML was more echogenic (p<0.01). The increase in IMT and the changes in the echogenicity of the IML were more pronounced in the ICA. CONCLUSIONS: Age is an independent risk factor for increased IMT. Atherosclerotic risk factors are associated with the age-related changes seen in the IML. Such changes are also seen in younger asymptomatic volunteers with risk factors indicating that their arteries are older than their age.

Adult↗

PubMed2005

Expression of 14-3-3 zeta and interaction with protein kinase C in the rat retina in early diabetes.

AIMS/HYPOTHESIS: The present study aimed to investigate the expression levels of and the relationship between 14-3-3 zeta and protein kinase C (PKC) in the retina of early diabetes. METHODS: Changes in the expression levels of, and interaction between, 14-3-3 zeta and PKC were investigated by Northern and Western blot analyses, immunoprecipitation and double immunostaining in the retina of diabetic rats after 6 weeks of diabetes. PKC activity was examined using a PKC assay. RESULTS: In the diabetic retina, the molecular levels of 14-3-3 zeta were reduced, while those of PKC beta and zeta were increased. Direct interaction between 14-3-3 zeta and PKC was markedly decreased in the retina after 6 weeks of diabetes, while PKC activity was increased. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION: These findings show that a reduction in 14-3-3 zeta can induce PKC activation, suggesting that this is a main cause of visual dysfunction in the retina during diabetes.

14-3-3 Proteins↗

PubMed2005

Antiobese and hypolipidemic effects of platycodin saponins in diet-induced obese rats: evidences for lipase inhibition and calorie intake restriction.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate how and to what extent platycodin saponin (PS) from Platycodi Radix exerts a favorable influence on obesity and hyperlipidemia. DESIGN: Sprague-Dawley rats were fed with a high fat (HF) diet for 4 weeks and then the animals were treated with 35 or 70 mg / kg of PS for another 4 weeks. Changes in body weight and daily calorie intake were measured regularly during the experimental period and the degree of linear correlation for the above two variables was further analyzed. The in vitro lipase inhibition of each PS compound and the in vivo fecal lipid excretion were examined in hope of revealing their relationship. The concentrations of hepatic triglyceride and cholesterol in serum. RESULTS: The body weight reduction (13+/-4% vs HF control, P<0.05) by PS administration was highly correlated to the food intake restriction (Pearson's linear coefficient r=0.752, P<0.005). The in vitro inhibition of lipase by each isolated compound and mixture of PS were virtually identical. Consequently, the fecal TG excretion was increased by 2.1-3.2 folds depending on the dose of PS. The serum TG and LDL-cholesterol concentrations were decreased without noticeable changes in HDL-cholesterol levels. Concomitantly, the contents of the hepatic TG, cholesterol, and the liver surface fat pads were decreased in ubiquity, but no noticeable biochemical abnormalities or histological tissue damages were observed. CONCLUSIONS: The administration of PS produced profound effects on the control of obesity and lipid metabolism, which resulted in LDL-cholesterol reduction. PS also caused a remarkable reduction in calorie intake, which was highly correlated to the body weight loss. These results suggest that PS has a greater role in anti-obesity, hypolipidemia, and liver protection than previously thought. Hence, PS could be a potential therapeutic alternative in the treatment of obesity and hyperlipidemia.

Adipose Tissue↗

PubMed2004

Sapheno-femoral junction reflux in patients with a normal saphenous trunk.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the patterns and clinical importance of saphenofemoral junction (SFJ) reflux in patients with chronic venous disease (CVD) and a normal great saphenous vein (GSV) trunk. METHODS: Fifteen hundred consecutive patients were examined using duplex ultrasound (DU) in three centres. Patients with reflux involving the SFJ and/or its tributaries only were included and its prevalence and patterns were studied. Patients with GSV trunk reflux or in any other veins were excluded. The SFJ diameter was categorised as normal, dilated or varicose. The results of surgery were evaluated by DU in 42 patients 1 year after the procedure. RESULTS: SFJ area incompetence with a competent GSV trunk occurred in 8.8% of limbs. It was significantly more common in CEAP class 2, 13.6% compared to class 3, 8.2% (p=0.03), class 1, 2.7%, class 4, 4.4% and classes 5 and 6 together, 1.5% (p<0.001 for all). The SFJ had a normal diameter in 21%, dilated in 62% and varicose in 17%. Reflux was seen in 39% of limbs with a normal SFJ diameter, in 85% of those with a dilated SFJ and in all varicose SFJs. Of the 42 operated limbs, 27 had ligation and division of the SFJ and tributary phlebectomies. Fifteen had tributary phlebectomies only, leaving the SFJ intact. At one-year follow-up, SFJ area reflux was found in six limbs (14.3%), involving the SFJ alone in 1, a main tributary in 1 and 4 small tributaries. No reflux was found in the GSV trunk. All but two of the 42 patients were satisfied with the results. CONCLUSIONS: SFJ reflux with tributary involvement and sparing of the GSV trunk occurs in 8.8% of CVD patients. Such reflux is found in the entire spectrum of CVD, but it is more common in class 2. Local surgery with or without SFJ ligation has very good results at 1 year. DU scanning prior to treatment is important in all patients so that the intact GSV can be spared.

Dilatation, Pathologic↗

PubMed2004

Antimicrobial and cytotoxic activity of 18 prenylated flavonoids isolated from medicinal plants: Morus alba L., Morus mongolica Schneider, Broussnetia papyrifera (L.) Vent, Sophora flavescens Ait and Echinosophora koreensis Nakai.

Antimicrobial activity of the 18 prenylated flavonoids, which were purified from five different medicinal plants, was evaluated by determination of MIC using the broth microdilution methods against four bacterial and two fungal microorganisms (Candida albicans, Saccaromyces cerevisiae, Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhimurium, Staphylococcus epidermis and S. aureus). Papyriflavonol A, kuraridin, sophoraflavanone D and sophoraisoflavanone A exhibited a good antifungal activity with strong antibacterial activity. Kuwanon C, mulberrofuran G, albanol B, kenusanone A and sophoraflavanone G showed strong antibacterial activity with 5-30 microg/ml of MICs. Morusin, sanggenon B and D, kazinol B, kurarinone, kenusanone C and isosophoranone were effective to only gram positive bacteria, and broussochalcone A was effective to C. albicans. IC50 values of papyriflavonol A, kuraridin, sophoraflavanone D, sophoraisoflavanone A and broussochalcone A in HepG2 cells were 20.9, 37.8, 39.1, 22.1, and 22.0 microg/ml, respectively. These results support the use of prenylated flavonoids in Asian traditional medicine to treat microbial infection and indicate a high potential for prenylated flavonoids as antimicrobial agents as well as anti-inflammatory agents.

Anti-Infective Agents↗

PubMed2004

Neuronavigation-guided endoscopic surgery for pineal tumors with hydrocephalus.

We have applied the neuronavigation system to endoscopic biopsy and third ventriculostomy in the management of patients with a pineal tumor with hydrocephalus. With the guidance of neuronavigation, the two optimal sites of burr hole and trajectories were planned preoperatively, and the advancing endoscopic device was monitored in real time during the procedure. In our five patients, the diameters of the tumors were 2-3 cm, and the mean systemic accuracy of registration with neuronavigation was 1.2 mm. The biopsy and third ventriculostomy were performed successfully via the respective optimal burr hole and the trajectory determined using preoperative neuronavigation. There were no procedure-related complications, and none of the patients needed another procedure for CSF diversion during the follow-up periods. We present our technique which includes the application of the neuronavigation system to the biopsy and third ventriculostomy in pineal tumor with associated hydrocephalus. This technique can be performed using a simple rigid endoscope via the determined optimal entries and trajectories. The optimal preoperative planning and the intraoperative guidance by neuronavigation are thought to be able to give more chances to minimize the brain injury related to movements or deviation of endoscopic device.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2004

Usefulness of reversed display of soft-copy abdominal radiographs for urinary calculi detection.

PURPOSE: To determine the usefulness of reversed display of soft-copy abdominal radiographs for urinary calculi detection. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Sixty radiographs with a single urinary calculus less than 5 mm in the long diameter (15 in the kidney; 15 in the proximal ureter; 15 in the mid-ureter, 15 in the distal ureter) and 15 radiographs without calculi were evaluated. Four readers blinded to the presence or absence of urinary calculi on each radiograph reviewed the radiographs in the conventional display, reversed display, and combination of conventional and reversed displays at 1-week intervals. All images were evaluated in random order and the presence or absence of urinary calculi was interpreted using the confidence score from 1 to 5. RESULTS: Multireader analysis for calculi in all locations showed a greater area under the receiver operating curve for combination of the two displays (0.764) than for the conventional display alone (0.655) (P=0.031). In the single-reader analysis for calculi in all locations, the third reader showed a greater area under the receiver operating curve for the reversed display (0.784) than for the conventional display (0.622) (P=0.027). Multireader analysis of the calculi in the kidney showed a greater area under the receiver operating curve for combination of the two displays (0.824) than for the conventional display alone (0.703) (P=0.043). CONCLUSION: The reversed display of soft-copy abdominal radiographs may be useful for urinary calculi detection.

Area Under Curve↗

PubMed2004

Dysplastic nodules in liver cirrhosis: detection with triple phase helical dynamic CT.

The purpose of this study was to determine the sensitivity of triple phase helical dynamic CT for detecting dysplastic nodules in patients with liver cirrhosis. 76 dysplastic nodules were confirmed by histopathological examination of the liver specimens after surgical resection in 21 patients or after explantation of the whole liver in 20 patients. Triple phase helical dynamic CT including arterial, portal venous and delayed phases was performed as a pre-operative evaluation for hepatocellular carcinoma. Two readers retrospectively evaluated the images. The presence of dysplastic nodules was determined by one-to-one correlation of the CT images and the pathological results in terms of the anatomical location and size of each nodule. Helical dynamic triple phase CT depicted eight of 76 dysplastic nodules (10%): five of 35 high grade dysplastic nodules (14%) and three of 41 low grade dysplastic nodules (7%). Triple phase helical dynamic CT is insensitive for detection of dysplastic nodules in cirrhotic livers.

Adult↗

PubMed2003

Improved venous return by elliptical, sequential and seamless air-cell compression.

AIM: The risk of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) in the peri-operative period is significant, but can be reduced with the use of mechanical intermittent pneumatic compression (IPC). These devices have reached widespread use in hospitals and have been found to be effective prophylactic measures against DVT. This study evaluates the latest design features of one particular IPC device in comparison to current models. METHODS: Duplex ultrasound scanning was performed on 40 lower extremities of 20 healthy volunteers before and during the application of the IPC device (VenaFlow System, Aircas, NJ, USA. Two hemodynamic parameters were measured, acceleration time from spontaneous baseline venous flow and peak vein velocity. All measurements were obtained by scanning proximal to the saphenofemoral junction in the common femoral vein in both extremities for each subject. Data were obtained from 3 compression cycles and averaged for each extremity. Results were compared with a recent prospective study form our center using a slow-filling and a rapid-filling sequential IPC devices. RESULTS: The medians for spontaneous average peak velocities at rest of the right and left lower extremities were 26 cm/s and 24.1 cm/s. The median augmented peak velocities during the compression cycle of the device in the right and left side were 79.6 cm/s and 79.0 cm/s. This represented a 306.2% increase in average peak velocity on the right side and a 327.8% increase on the left side. The median acceleration time was 305 ms +/- 40 in the left and 310 ms +/- 50 in the right limb. There was no statistically significant difference in the spontaneous and augmented velocities between the right and left lower extremities in each subject. In comparison to existing slow- and rapid-filling IPC devices the VenaFlow System had superior peak velocities and shorter acceleration times. CONCLUSION: The use of elliptical, sequential and rapid-filling compression of the leg with overlapping air-cells produces significant hemodynamic changes in the common femoral vein, which are superior to other sequential slow- or rapid-filling IPC devices. Randomized studies should be performed to determine the efficacy of this new device in DVT prevention.

Adult↗

PubMed2002

Early thrombus remodelling of isolated calf deep vein thrombosis.

OBJECTIVE: this prospective study was designed to evaluate the evolution of thrombus propagation and lysis in relation to patterns and distribution of isolated calf DVT. METHODS: fifty-two limbs in 48 patients mean age 59+/-15, range 24-78 years, with isolated calf DVT that had at least one exam within 10 days of DVT detection were included in the study. Patients with a documented episode of prior DVT or evidence of post-thrombotic changes during the initial ultrasound exam were excluded. The initial thrombus length, patterns and location of the thrombi were recorded. On follow-up the propagation and lysis patterns of the clot were studied. RESULTS: remodelling of the thrombus, excluding echotexture and vein diameter changes on ultrasound, occurred in 23 limbs, (44%). Ascending propagation only was seen in seven limbs (13%) descending propagation only in two (4%) and in both directions in five (10%). Propagation at least to popliteal vein was detected in seven limbs (13%). Thrombus developed or extended to initially uninvolved veins in six limbs (12%). Pulmonary embolism developed only in one patient (2%; 95% CI: 0-11%). The site and the size of thrombus or the number of veins involved in the baseline exam did not correlate with the remodeling of thrombus. Soleal and gastrocnemial veins were comparable with the posterior tibial and peroneal veins in terms of thrombus propagation and lysis. CONCLUSIONS: early thrombus remodelling occurs in 44% of limbs with isolated calf DVT. This includes ascending and descending thrombus propagation and lysis. Thrombus development or propagation to initially uninvolved calf veins is found in 12%. Thrombus remodelling does not appear to be related to size, site and patterns of thrombosis.

Adult↗

PubMed2001

Low-density cDNA array-coupled to PCR differential display identifies new estrogen-responsive genes during the postnatal differentiation of the rat hypothalamus.

To identify estrogen (E)-responsive genes that may play important roles in the sexual differentiation and maturation of the neuroendocrine hypothalamus, we used mRNA differential display PCR to analyze hypothalamic RNA derived from estrogen-sterilized rats (ESRs). Neonatal rats were s.c.-injected with 100 microg of 17 beta-estradiol-benzoate (EB) for 5 days. Approximately 300 out of more than 2000 RNAs examined displayed a differential expression pattern between hypothalami of the ESR females compared to their 60-day-old controls. EB-dependent expression of these genes was further analyzed by low-density cDNA array using cDNA probe sets reverse-transcribed from the same groups; 98 genes were confirmed to be differentially expressed. We selected 41 clones that showed higher density differences between the two probe sets than mean density difference in control cyclophilin cDNA blots in the cDNA array. After being cloned into pGEM-T vectors, their sequences were analyzed. Homology searches identified four genes as a protein kinase C (PKC)-binding protein, NELL2 (clone 6-1), a thyroid nuclear factor, TTF-1 (9-1), Munc18-1 (17-6), and leuserpin-2 (18-5). The other 22 genes were similar to reported genes or cDNAs such as mouse kinesin-associated protein 3 (KAP3, 8b), mouse IgE binding lectin (15-1), normalized rat brain cDNA (5-1), rat cDNA (8-1) and rat embryonic cDNA (17-1). Fifteen clones such as clone 7-3 showed no match in the GenBank Database. Further characterization of eight clones (17-1, 7-3, 8-1, 5-1, NELL2, KAP3 homolog, IgE binding lectin homolog, and TTF-1) showed that their expression in the adult female rat hypothalamus is sensitive to neonatal treatment with EB. They showed brain-specific expression and moreover, showed an increase in their mRNA level before the initiation of puberty. Some of them showed gender differences in their different postnatal expression pattern. We speculate that further study will demonstrate that many of the E-regulated genes identified in the present study play important roles in the regulation of the sexual differentiation and E-dependent maturation of the hypothalamus.

Animals↗

PubMed2001

Activation of PKC but not of ERK is required for vitamin E-succinate-induced apoptosis of HL-60 cells.

Vitamin E-succinate (VES) induced HL-60 human leukemia cells to undergo apoptosis. Treatment with VES induced membrane translocation of Fas; cleavages of caspase-3, PARP, and lamin B; hypophosphorylation of retinoblastoma protein; and increase of p21(WAF1) protein level. During the induction of apoptosis, activity of PKC was gradually increased with downregulation of VES-induced ERK activity and accompanied by activation of caspase-3. Inhibition of PKC by GF109203X blocked VES-mediated membrane translocation of PKC-alpha and cleavage of caspase-3 cascade, resulting in prevention of VES-induced apoptosis. On the contrary, PKC activation by cotreatment with LPC or thapsigargin and VES synergistically increased VES-mediated apoptosis. However, inhibition of ERK activity by PD98059 showed no significant effect on VES-induced PKC activity and apoptosis. Taken together, our data suggest that VES induces activation of PKC and PKC-dependent hypophosphorylation of retinoblastoma protein, which results in induction of apoptosis, and that VES-induced early activation of ERK and ERK-dependent induction of p21(WAF1) are not required for apoptosis.

Apoptosis↗

PubMed2001

Effects of naturally occurring prenylated flavonoids on enzymes metabolizing arachidonic acid: cyclooxygenases and lipoxygenases.

Prenylated flavonoids are chemical entities having an isoprenyl, a geranyl, a 1,1-dimethylallyl, and/or a lavandulyl moiety as part of their flavonoid backbone structure. In this study, the effects of 19 naturally occurring prenylated flavonoids, isolated from medicinal plants, on cyclooxygenase (COX)-1 and COX-2 and on 5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX) and 12-LOX were investigated using [14C]arachidonic acid as a substrate. The homogenates of bovine platelets and polymorphonuclear leukocytes were used as COX-1, 12-LOX, and 5-LOX enzyme sources; the homogenate of aspirin-pretreated lipopolysaccharide-induced RAW 264.7 cells was used for the COX-2 enzyme source. Among the 19 prenylated flavonoids, morusin, kuwanon C, sanggenon B, sanggenon D and kazinol B inhibited COX-2 activity (ic(50) = 73-100 microM), but the potencies were far less than that of NS-398 (ic(50) = 2.9 microM). In contrast, many prenylated flavonoids, such as kuraridin, kuwanon C and sophoraisoflavanone A, inhibited COX-1 activity. Of the COX-1 inhibiting prenylated flavonoids, kuraridin, kurarinone, and sophoraflavanone G, all having a C-8 lavandulyl moiety, showed potent activity (ic(50) = 0.1 to 1 microM) comparable to that of indomethacin (ic(50) = 0.7 microM). Most of the prenylated flavonoids tested inhibited 5-LOX activity with ic(50) values ranging from 0.09 to 100 microM. Of these, only kuwanon C, papyriflavonol A and sophoraflavanone G showed inhibitory activity against 12-LOX at low concentration ranges (ic(50) = 19-69 microM) comparable to that of NDGA (ic(50) = 2.6 microM). Our results suggest that the position and the nature of the prenyl substitution greatly influence in vitro biological activities of these molecules.

Animals↗

PubMed2001

Ethanol decreases the expression of mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase mRNA in the rat.

To evaluate the molecular and cellular bases of effects of ethanol on the brain, we utilized a differential display-polymerase chain reaction. Several cDNA fragments were differentially expressed in the hippocampus of control vs. ethanol-treated rats. One of these genes was homologous to the rat mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase mRNA. Northern blot analysis revealed that the expression of this message in the whole hippocampus was clearly lower after ethanol treatment. Using in situ hybridization, we also found that cytochrome c oxidase mRNA expression, especially in the CA1 and CA3 of the hippocampal regions, was significantly decreased by ethanol treatment. As cytochrome c oxidase is related to oxidative stress, the present study suggests that ethanol might affect the brain through modulation of an oxidative stress reaction.

Animals↗

PubMed2001

Rac and p38 kinase mediate 5-lipoxygenase translocation and cell death.

5-Lipoxygenase (5-LO) is a key enzyme involved in the synthesis of leukotrienes from arachidonic acid, and its activation is usually followed by translocation to the nuclear envelope. The details of mechanisms involved in the translocation of 5-LO are not well understood, though Ca(2+) is known to be essential. Here we show that ionomycin, a Ca(2+) ionophore, induces 5-LO translocation and necrotic cell death in Rat-2 fibroblasts, suggesting a potential relationship between activation of 5-LO and cell death. These effects were markedly attenuated in Rat2-Rac(N17) cells expressing a dominant negative Rac1 mutant. Pretreatment with SB203580, a specific inhibitor of p38 MAP kinase, or EGTA, a Ca(2+) chelator, likewise diminished ionomycin-induced 5-LO translocation and cell death, but PD98059, a MEK inhibitor, did not. Thus, Rac and p38 MAP kinase appear to be components in a Ca(2+)-dependent pathway leading to 5-LO translocation and necrotic cell death in Rat-2 fibroblasts.

Animals↗

PubMed2001

The localization of dopamine D2 receptor mRNA in the human placenta and the anti-angiogenic effect of apomorphine in the chorioallantoic membrane.

While there are some reports indicating that dopamine (DA) and D2-like receptors (Rc) are detected in human placenta, there is little evidence available regarding the function of DA or the precise localization of its receptors in this organ. In the present study, we confirmed the placental expression of DA D2 Rc transcripts by Northern blot analysis. Using in situ hybridization, we also first revealed that DA D2 Rc mRNA was expressed in cytotrophoblasts, syncytial trophoblasts, vascular endothelial cells, Hafbauer cells, and fibroblasts in the chorionic villi of the human placenta. The expression sites of DA D2 Rc mRNA led us to suspect other functions of DA in the placenta besides the regulation of human placental lactogen. Since the cells expressing DA D2 Rc mRNA are related to proliferation and remodeling of placental tissue, we tried to evaluate a possible involvement of DA in the regulation of placental angiogenesis. To this end, we used the chicken chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) assay. In CAM assay, apomorphine, a potent nonselective agonist of DA, has an anti-angiogenic effect. These results suggest that DA may regulate the vascularization of human placenta through its receptors present in the chorionic villi.

Allantois↗

PubMed2001

Short stay carotid surgery for veterans: an emerging standard.

We have taken the short stay approach to carotid artery surgery to our VA setting over the past 5 to 6 years. Retrospectively, we reviewed the efficacy and safety of that approach in 201 consecutive carotid operations over the recent 4-year period (January 1, 1996-December 31, 1999). In 1996 we had already begun the transition to an algorithm to (1) utilize carotid color flow Doppler duplex exams for diagnosis, (2) same-day admission (SDA), (3) intensive care unit (ICU) only when deemed medically necessary, and (4) next-day discharge. Results of this approach have been a decrease in the utilization of diagnostic arteriograms and utilization of the ICU from 100% previous to the onset of this approach to 17 and 22%, respectively. SDA increased from 24 to 89%. Mean LOS decreased from 5.13+/-0.9 to 1.97+/-0.4 days. The percentage of patients completing the algorithm went from 15 to 72%. Stroke and/or death varied from 0 to 3.7% each year and was only 2.4% over the 4-year period. In conclusion, this approach to short stay carotid surgery in the veteran population has proven both efficacious and safe with results similar to those in university and community practices.

Aged↗

PubMed2001

Cervical dermal sinus associated with dermoid cyst.

We report a rare case of cervical dermal sinus associated with a dermoid cyst in a 10-month-old infant, who presented with a 1-month history of motor weakness of the right upper extremity. Magnetic resonance imaging showed an intradural extramedullary dermoid cyst extending from C3 to C4, which was connected with the skin dimple along the sinus tract. Total excision of the dermoid cyst and the sinus tract with C3-5 laminectomy resulted in good functional recovery.

Cervical Vertebrae↗