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Biomedical subjects

S S Howards

Publications and source records attributed to S S Howards.

At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed1977

Hyperglycemia in the hamster anesthetized with Inactin [5-ethyl-5-(-methyl propyl)-2-thiobarbiturate].

Adult, male hamsters anesthetized with lnactin [5-ethyl-5-(1-methyl propyl)-2-thiobarbiturate] were found to be hyperglycemic. Blood glucose concentrations in anesthetized hamsters (300.1+/-15.6 mg/dl) were more than twice those of control animals (144.8+/-7.7 mg/dl). Neither the length of time under anesthesia nor the performance of surgery influenced the blood glucose concentration.

Anesthesia↗
PubMed1977

Duration of the seminiferous epithelial cycle in the mature guinea pig: influence of unilateral orchiectomy.

The effect of unilateral orchiectomy on the seminiferous epithelial cycle in the mature guinea pig was studied. No significant change in the cycle duration was found. Thus, the previously reported hyperplasia of the contralateral testis is due to an increased number of cells entering the maturation process rather than to an acceleration of the cycle of seminiferous epithelium.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

Urogenital rhabdomyosarcoma in childhood.

Recent advances in chemotherapy and radiotherapy have improved the prognosis of urogenital rhabdomyosarcoma. Preliminary reports suggest that a mutilative operation may no longer be essential to cure this disease.

Antineoplastic Agents↗
PubMed1976

Androgen binding proteins of testis, epididymis, and plasma in man and monkey.

Androgen-binding protein (ABP) has been found in the cytosol of testicular and epididymal homogenates of several sub-primate species. In those species which had the plasma androgen binding protein, testosterone-estradiol-binding globulin (TeBG), ABP and TeBG were found to be physically similar. We investigated the possibility that ABP might exist in monkey and man using the cytosol of testicular and epididymal homogenates and aspirates obtained by direct micropuncture of the rete testis. In polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, pH 7.8, testicular and epididymal cytosols of monkey and man were found to contain several binding proteins of different size and net charge that bind dihydrotestosterone. These binding proteins were either indistinguishable from TeBG or could be related to TeBG as size and/or charge isomers. No ABP was detectable in up to 200 mul of monkey rete testis fluid obtained by direct micropuncture, though ABP is detectable in as little as 5 mul of rat rete testis fluid. The data suggest that the ABP's detected in the testicular and epididymal cytosols in monkey and man represent isomeric forms of plasma TeBG, and their presence in testicular cytosol most likely derives from blood contamination.

Androgens↗
PubMed1975

Micropuncture and microanalytic studies of the effect of vasectomy on the rat testis and epididymis.

Micropuncture techniques adapted for in vivo use in the male reproductive tract were used to study the effect of vasectomy on the concentration and morphology of spermatozoa in the seminiferous tubules and ductus epididymidis of the rat. Regardless of surgical technique, 85% of all rats which had previously under vasectomy developed a speratic granuloma at the proximal end of the ligated vas deferens. Vasectomy did not affect the weights of the ipsilateral (vasectomized) testes. Vasectomy without granuloma formation resulted in an elevation in the weight of the ipsilateral epididymis and an increase in the concentration of spermatozoa in the ipsilateral cauda. Vasectomy complicated by granuloma formation caused a significant increase in the ratio of the spermatocrit in the seminiferous tubule to that in the caput. In the vasectomized rat without granuloma, significantly more abnormal spermatozoa were in the caput than in the cauda; in the normal rat, the concentrations of abnormal spermatozoa in the two regions were not significantly different. Vasectomies with and without granuloma formation are distinct phenomena and should be investigated separately.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

Enterobius vermicularis infestation and secondary enuresis.

We recently saw 5 young girls with the sudden onset of frequency and enuresis secondary to enterobius vermicularis. All children had sterile urine and 4 had been unjustly considered neurotic. Anthelmintic therapy resulted in an immediate cure in all 5 cases. More frequent diagnosis and treatment of this common ailment would do a great service to affected girls and their families.

Anthelmintics↗
PubMed1975

Sex-linked familial reflux.

A family is described in which all 3 brothers and the maternal grandfather had vesicoureteral reflux, whereas the father, mother and 3 daughters were urologically normal. This pedigree strongly suggests and X-linked mode of genetic transmission. Nevertheless, available evidence indicates that familial reflux is usually transmitted by multifactorial polygenic inheritance. Hundreds of additional pedigrees will have to be studied before the methods of inheritance are firmly established.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1975

Renal function after release of chronic unilateral hydronephrosis in man.

Differential renal function studies performed on ten patients after release of unilateral hydronephrosis revealed that the previously obstructed kidney exhibits abnormalities in a number of physiological indexes. Many of the obstructed kidneys had an impairment of glomerular filtration rate, concentrating ability, acidification, sodium reabsorption and tubular maximal secretion of para-aminohippurate with normal urinary dilution. Despite impairment of sodium and water reabsorption, none of these patients, nor 20 additional patients, had a significant postobstructive diuresis from the previously obstructed kidney. All of the patients had normal total renal function. Thus, the changes observed were a result of the obstructive injury and were not related to azotemia or aberrations in water or sodium metabolism.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1975

Intratubular hydrostatic pressure in testis and epididymis before and after vasectomy.

A method is described for the measurement of intratubular hydrostatic pressure in the testis, caput epididymidis, and cauda epididymidis of the golden hamster. Pressures in these locations in normal animals ranged from 3 to 6 cmH2O. Mean pressure in the tubules of the caput was significantly higher than that in the seminiferous tubules (P smaller than 0.05) and in the proximal caudal tubules (P smaller than 0.02). There was a small, significant increase in pressure from the proximal cauda to the distal cauda (P smaller than 0.04). Two weeks after vasectomy, the mean pressure in the seminiferous tubules of 3.3 cmH2O was significantly lower (P smaller than 0.004) than the mean pressure in the normal seminiferous tubules of 4.4 cmH2O. Pressures in the cauda at 2 wk of 10-18 cmH2O were significantly greater than normal (P smaller than 0.0005) and reflected the accumulation of sperm and fluid. The high incidence of spermatic granuloma formation and/or rupture of the epididymis observed after vasectomy emphasized that there are definite limits to both distensibility and reabsorptive capacity of the epididymis in some species. Pressures at 1 mo after vasectomy were similar to those at 2 wk in animals that were still obstructed and comparable to normal in animals with granulomas and/or large epididymal leaks. Testicular weight was slightly but significantly decreased 2 wk after vasectomy. At 4 wk, there was no detectable effect of vasectomy on the weights of the testes.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

Micropuncture and microanalytic studies of the rat testis and epididymis.

Micropuncture techniques developed for the study of renal physiology have been adapted for investigation of the male reproductive tract. Ultramicro specimens were obtained in vivo from the tubules of the rat testis and epididymis. These samples were analyzed for sperm morphology and concentration. The new methods developed to conduct these studies are discussed in detail. The mean in vivo spermatocrits were 0.411 plus and minus 0.029, 0.355 plus and minus 0.019, and 0;731 plus and minus 0.028 in the seminiferous tubule, caput epididymidis, and caudal spermatocrit was significantly higher than the spermatocrit in the caput or seminiferous tubule. The percentages of abnormal spermatozoa in the caput and cauda were 5.5% plus and minus .7% and 4.3% plus and minus .6%, respectively.

Animals↗