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Biomedical subjects

S S Hipp

Publications and source records attributed to S S Hipp.

17 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1998

Impact of a mandatory syphilis delivery test on reported cases of congenital syphilis in Upstate New York.

A regulation mandating a syphilis serology test at delivery was implemented on December 6, 1989. To assess any impact on congenital syphilis reporting, we compared all cases reported in Upstate New York for the year directly preceding the regulation (n = 69) to those born in the three-year period following its implementation (n = 239). After implementation, the percentage of cases not tested at delivery decreased from 10 percent to 1 percent and reports of syphilitic stillbirths tripled. Asymptomatic infection of both mothers and babies increased significantly and at-birth detection of cases in women with negative prenatal serologies increased by 43 percent. Delivery screening failed to identify seven cases due to incubating maternal infection.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

Congenital syphilis surveillance in upstate New York, 1989-1992: implications for prevention and clinical management.

Descriptive characteristics and clinical information from 322 cases of congenital syphilis were reviewed. The births (318 mothers) included 31 (10%) stillborn and 59 (18%) with clinical evidence of congenital syphilis. Only 60 (19%) had a complete laboratory workup, including radiographs of long bones and spinal fluid analysis. For a subset of 244 women with available information, 218 (89%) had > or = 1 risk factors for syphilis; however, residence in an area with high morbidity from syphilis was the only identified risk factor for 83 (34%). Eighty women (25%) were treated for syphilis during pregnancy; only 24 were treated appropriately for their stage of syphilis > 30 days before delivery. Five of these pregnancies resulted in infants with clinical signs of syphilis. These findings emphasize the need for expanded prenatal screening of high-risk women, the necessity of screening at delivery, and the need for complete evaluation of infants at risk for congenital syphilis. Further, the data suggest that in some cases therapy in the last trimester of pregnancy may be insufficient to adequately treat the fetus.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Assessment of enzyme immunoassay and immunofluorescence tests for detection of Chlamydia trachomatis.

Two rapid diagnostic tests for Chlamydia trachomatis (Microtrak, Syva Co., Palo Alto, Calif.; and Chlamydiazyme, Abbott Laboratories, North Chicago, Ill.) were evaluated in comparison with growth of the organism in tissue culture for 2,030 urogenital specimens from men and women. Neither test performed as well as culture, which detected 296 of 310 positive specimens. The overall sensitivity and specificity for Microtrak were 73 and 99%; corresponding values for Chlamydiazyme were 83 and 98%. The majority of false-negative results with both rapid tests occurred when cultures contained less than 10 inclusions per cover slip. There were also areas of unconfirmed reactivity for both tests that led us to suggest that a reporting category of "suspicious" be developed for certain test results. For Microtrak, the suspicious result is a slide containing fewer than 10 elementary bodies; for Chlamydiazyme, it is any absorbance reading less than 0.4. Creation of a "suspicious" category would lower the sensitivity for Chlamydiazyme considerably, to 64%, and increase the positive predictive value for females to 95%. Although this may result in the underreading of some specimens from males, the tests could then be used with greater confidence in females for whom testing is essential for appropriate treatment.

Chlamydia Infections↗
PubMed1983

Persistence of ureaplasma urealyticum in the genital tract after antibiotic therapy.

Urine samples from 65 couples attending an infertility clinic were tested for the presence of Ureaplasma urealyticum. Of 36 couples found to harbor the organism, 35 were given antibiotic treatment in an attempt to eradicate these organisms from the genital tract. After the initial antibiotic therapy, tests of 12 of 27 couples (44%) still were Ureaplasma positive; after a second course of treatment, tests for 4 of 9 were positive. Two couples had Ureaplasma organisms that were resistant to all antibiotics tested. One couple remained positive after five courses of treatment, in spite of the demonstrated in vitro sensitivity of the isolate to antibiotics used. Pregnancies in treated patients occurred among those who were Ureaplasma negative after doxycycline therapy.

Doxycycline↗
PubMed1982

Pyosemia and carriage of chlamydia and ureaplasma in infertile men.

Chlamydia trachomatis and Ureaplasma urealyticum have been implicated as causative organisms in infections involving the male and female urogenital tracts. Seminal fluid, anterior urethral swabs and first-voided urine specimens from men undergoing infertility evaluation, with and without pyosemia, or anterior urethritis were cultured for Chlamydia trachomatis and Ureaplasma urealyticum. The method used to isolate Chlamydia trachomatis involved cytochalasin-B treated McCoy cells, and NYC and A7 solid media were used for the isolation of Ureaplasma urealyticum. Isolation of Chlamydia trachomatis from seminal fluid has not been possible even in the face of pyosemia and the presence of Chlamydia trachomatis in urine and urethral swab material. The reasons for the inability to culture Chlamydia trachomatis will be explored.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Evaluation of preservation methods and solid media suitable for recovery of Ureaplasma urealyticum from transported urine specimens.

Urine specimens to be tested for Ureaplasma urealyticum (T-strain mycoplasma) must often be transported to a central laboratory for identification. To examine survival of these organisms over 2 days of transport, fresh urine samples were tested for the presence of ureaplasmas and then divided into four groups: (i) fresh, (ii) frozen, (iii) preserved with 1% (wt/vol) boric acid at room temperature, and (iv) preserved with 10% dimethyl sulfoxide and frozen. The samples were cultured on both A7 and New York City solid media, and the estimates of survival were compared to that of fresh urine. Less than 10% survival of Ureaplasma was observed in 11 of 14 specimens stored frozen for 2 days without preservation; six specimens lost all organisms. Specimens containing either dimethyl sulfoxide or boric acid showed higher survival rates, although neither method consistently approached the full recovery of the T-strains found with the fresh urine. Ureaplasmas from fresh specimens grew well on both New York City and A7 media; however, the New York City medium proved superior for those preserved with boric acid and for urine samples containing few ureaplasmas. These results indicate that preservation of samples does increase the yield of U. urealyticum from urine samples delayed in transit.

Bacteriological Techniques↗
PubMed1975

Selective interaction of Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Candida albicans and its possible role in clinical specimens.

A study of 27 clinical specimens from which Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Candida albicans were isolated simultaneously indicated that 44% of the gonococcal isolates were resistant to inhibition by the C. albicans with which they were found and an additional 33% were totally resistant to inhibition by all C. albicans tested. All 27 C. albicans showed inhibitory activity against standard indicator strains of N. gonorrhoeae.

Antibiosis↗
PubMed1974

Inhibition of Neisseria gonorrhoeae by a factor produced by Candida albicans.

When Candida albicans is present on Transgrow specimens, Neisseria gonorrhoeae is detected less frequently or else can be seen in Gram stains but cannot be readily cultured. When C. albicans and N. gonorrhoeae are grown together on Transgrow, the gonococcal cells die off much more readily than N. gonorrhoeae grown on Transgrow alone. By use of a cross-streaking technique on agar plates, it has been demonstrated that C. albicans produces a soluble substance inhibitory to N. gonorrhoeae, although not to other microorganisms tested. Preliminary results indicate that this inhibitory factor can be extracted by the use of tertiary butanol. Since approximately one-third of the Transgrow specimens with growth contains yeasts, of which C. albicans is by far the most frequent, this factor presents an important complication in the diagnosis of gonorrhea in women.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Screening for Trichomonas vaginalis infection by use of acridine orange fluorescent microscopy.

The acridine orange test for detection of Trichomonas vaginalis in smears has been adapted for delayed examination of specimens. Mailed-in slides stained by acridine orange were compared with on-site wet mounts; the acridine orange test detected 96% of all positives, whereas only 76% were detected by wet mounts. In a similar comparison with Papanicolaou smears, the acridine orange test detected 89% as compared with 67% detected by Papanicolaou smears.

Acridine Orange↗