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Biomedical subjects

S S Chatterjee

Publications and source records attributed to S S Chatterjee.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1993

Nedocromil sodium is more effective than cromolyn sodium for the treatment of chronic reversible obstructive airway disease.

In a multicenter, double-blind, group comparative trial, the efficacy of nedocromil sodium (nedocromil, 4 mg, four times daily [qid]), cromolyn sodium (2 mg, qid), and placebo was compared in patients receiving inhaled beta 2-agonists and inhaled corticosteroids for the treatment of chronic reversible obstructive airway disease. After a 2-week baseline period, 132 patients (8 centers) between the ages of 20 and 75 years entered a 4-week run-in period in which the dose of inhaled corticosteroid was reduced by 50 percent. During the run-in phase, deterioration of symptoms (total symptom score) by ten points qualified patients to enter the 6-week drug trial period. Patients in the nedocromil treatment group showed the most robust and consistent improvements over placebo and cromolyn sodium for all daily dairy variables. Statistically significant improvements over placebo were noted for both active treatment groups for daytime, nighttime, and total symptom score. Symptom scores for nedocromil were statistically significantly improved over both cromolyn sodium and placebo for both daytime and nighttime asthma. Patients treated with nedocromil also demonstrated a significant reduction in the use of nighttime as needed (prn) beta 2-agonists as compared with either the placebo- or cromolyn sodium-treated groups. Only nedocromil-treated patients demonstrated a statistically significant improvement in morning peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR) as compared with placebo. Both nedocromil and cromolyn sodium groups demonstrated statistically significant improvements in afternoon and evening PEFRs. Collectively, the improvements in nighttime symptoms, decreased bronchodilator use, and improved morning PEFR show that patients treated with nedocromil had improved nocturnal symptoms. Pulmonary function tests (FEV1, FVC, PEFR) demonstrated no statistically significant differences between the two active treatments, although trends favored nedocromil for both FEV1 and PEFR. Although symptoms improved in patients treated with cromolyn sodium, the level of symptom control was less than that achieved by nedocromil. As compared with baseline control (regular dose of inhaled steroids), patients treated with nedocromil plus the 50 percent reduced dosage of inhaled corticosteroid consistently demonstrated comparable or better symptom control. Although both active drugs reduced symptoms, nedocromil proved to be more effective than cromolyn sodium for treatment of reversible obstructive airway disease in patients normally well maintained on regimens of low to moderate doses of inhaled corticosteroids.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Comparison of the effects of losigamone and its isomers on maximal electroshock induced convulsions in mice and on three different patterns of low magnesium induced epileptiform activity in slices of the rat temporal cortex.

Losigamone (AO-33) is a recemate of a tetronic acid derivative. The effects of losigamone and its three isomers (AO-242, AO-294 and AO-23) were compared on maximal electroshock (MES) induced convulsions in mice and on different patterns of extracellularly recorded, low Mg2+ induced epileptiform activity in slices of the rat temporal cortex. Lowering Mg2+ induced recurrent short discharges in areas CA3 and CA1 while ictaform events that lasted for many seconds were induced in the entorhinal cortex. In the hippocampus the activity stayed stable over a number of hours. In contrast, the ictaform events in the entorhinal cortex changed their characteristics after one to two hours to recurrent discharges of 0.8 to 10 s. Afterdischarges and interictal events were absent. 50 microM AO-242 showed a similar efficacy to 50 microM AO-33 in reducing and blocking epileptiform discharges in areas CA1 and CA3 while 50 microM AO-294 and 50 microM AO-23 had weaker effects than 50 microM AO-33. Concentrations of 50 microM and 100 microM AO-242 showed a similar efficacy to AO-33 on ictaform events in the entorhinal cortex. Late recurrent discharges were also blocked by AO-33 and AO-242 although at higher concentrations (300 microM). The in vitro observations are with respect to order of efficacy in accordance with the in vivo data obtained in the maximal electroshock test in mice. The order of potency in the MES test was AO-242 greater than AO-33 much greater than AO-294 much greater than AO-23.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Losigamone.

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Animals↗
PubMed1989

Effects of adding nedocromil sodium (Tilade) to the routine therapy of patients with bronchial asthma.

In a 12-week double-blind, group comparative trial, preceded by a 2-week baseline period, 38 asthmatic subjects of mixed aetiology and varying severity received either 4 mg nedocromil sodium by metered dose inhaler twice a day or a matching placebo preparation, in addition to their existing maintenance therapy of inhaled corticosteroids plus inhaled bronchodilators. Asthma severity and lung function were assessed at 4-weekly clinic visits, and symptomatology (morning tightness, daytime asthma, cough, night-time asthma), morning, afternoon and evening PEFR, and the use of inhaled bronchodilators were recorded on daily diary cards. Treatment with nedocromil sodium led to significant (P less than 0.05) improvements in clinic assessment of FEV1 and PEFR both before and after an inhaled bronchodilator from at least the eighth week onwards. Mid-study FVC was also significantly (P less than 0.05) improved. Daily PEFR increased throughout the study in the nedocromil sodium-treated subjects and the diurnal variation was reduced. Daily symptom severity was also reduced and these improvements occurred despite the similar or slightly reduced use of inhaled bronchodilators. However, none of these improvements in diary card parameters reached statistical significance. By the final week of the study subjects treated with nedocromil sodium predominantly had a mild form of asthma or no symptoms at all, and both patients and clinicians reported the effectiveness of nedocromil sodium; the subjects but not the clinicians finding it significantly more effective (P less than 0.05) than placebo. Nedocromil sodium was well tolerated although one patient was withdrawn owing to a persistent sore throat after 7 weeks of treatment.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Effect of an extract of Ginkgo biloba on triethyltin-induced cerebral edema.

The effect of an extract of Ginkgo biloba was studied on cerebral edema in rats intoxicated with triethyltin chloride (TET). Brains of TET-treated rats showed elevated water and sodium levels and a significant increase in the sodium/potassium ratio. Animals treated with TET plus the extract did not show water and electrolyte changes. The course of intoxication and treatment was studied light- and electron-microscopically. A severe edema with extensive vacuolization was seen in the cerebral and cerebellar white matter. Morphometric measurements revealed a significant decrease in these manifestations of the cytotoxic edema when the animals were treated with an extract of Ginkgo biloba. Thus, we conclude that this extract has a protective effect on the development of a cytotoxic edema in the white matter of the brain.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

The cardioselective and hypotensive effects of bisoprolol in hypertensive asthmatics.

The cardioselectivity and hypotensive properties of the beta 1-specific beta-blocker bisoprolol were investigated using a single-dose comparison of 10 and 20 mg bisoprolol, 100 mg atenolol, and placebo in 12 hypertensive asthmatic patients. The study was of a randomised four-way crossover design with 1 week's washout between each treatment. beta 1-Selectivity was determined by using lung function parameters--vital capacity (VC), airway resistance (AWR), peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR), forced expiratory volume (FEV1)--at baseline and at predetermined intervals following each medication and salbutamol challenge. Potency of beta-blockade was determined using heart rate (HR), systolic blood pressure (SBP), and diastolic blood pressure (DBP). 100 mg atenolol and 10 and 20 mg bisoprolol reduced HR, SBP, and DBP 2 h postmedication. All active treatments produced only small nonsignificant reductions in PEFR, FEV1, and VC, compared with baseline, without any significant differences between the four groups. Bisoprolol at both dose levels had only a minor nonsignificant influence on AWR. 100 mg atenolol significantly increased AWR, compared with placebo. Following all treatments, salbutamol did not affect cardiovascular parameters, but significantly reduced AWR and increased PEFR, FEV1, and VC without any significant differences between groups. Bisoprolol, at both dose levels tested, was found to possess a strong beta 1-adrenoceptor-blocking activity without affecting bronchial beta 2-adrenoceptors. An equipotent beta 1-adrenoceptor-blocking dose of atenolol (100 mg), compared with 10 and 20 mg bisoprolol, was found to increase airway resistance in the population of asthmatic patients studied. Bisoprolol has been shown to exhibit a greater beta 1-selectivity than atenolol.

Adrenergic beta-Antagonists↗
PubMed1986

A trial comparing nedocromil sodium (Tilade) and placebo in the management of bronchial asthma.

In a double-blind group comparative trial nedocromil sodium (Tilade) at a dose of 4 mg four times daily was compared with placebo in the management of out-patients with bronchial asthma. Treatments were delivered by pressurized aerosol over a period of 28 days following a 2-week base-line during which patients continued on their usual therapy. Twenty-one patients entered the nedocromil sodium group and twenty entered the placebo group. All were using beclomethasone dipropionate aerosol as maintenance steroid therapy plus intermittent use of a bronchodilator taken by inhalation. The dose of steroid was reduced for all patients after 2 weeks of treatment and again for approximately half the patients after 3 weeks trial treatment. Patients in the nedocromil sodium treatment group improved in respect of Diary Card symptom scores and peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR), and in their requirements for inhaled bronchodilators. Patients in the placebo group were worse, particularly in respect of daytime asthma symptoms (P less than 0.01), bronchodilator use (P less than 0.05) and morning PEFR during the third week of trial treatment (P less than 0.05). More patients in the nedocromil sodium group than in the placebo group thought their treatment had been effective (P less than 0.05). Nedocromil was well tolerated. Despite the short duration of treatment imposed at this stage in the clinical evaluation of a new compound, our results were sufficiently encouraging to prompt further evaluation of nedocromil sodium over the longer period required (3-12 months) for the clinical assessment of a new treatment for chronic asthma.

Administration, Inhalation↗
PubMed1984

Comparative study of the effects of intravenous administration of aminophylline, salbutamol and terbutaline in patients suffering from reversible airways obstruction.

A study was carried out in 20 patients with reversible airways obstruction to compare the bronchodilator potency of salbutamol (250 micrograms), terbutaline (500 micrograms) and aminophylline (250 mg), given by slow intravenous injection. Patients received each of the three treatments, on separate days, in random order using a double-blind design. Measurements were made of pulmonary function, pulse rate and blood pressure and side-effects were recorded before and at intervals up to 4 hours after drug administration. All three drugs improved pulmonary function to a significant degree and this effect was observed at 5 minutes post-treatment and lasted for 3 hours. Terbutaline and salbutamol had a significantly greater effect than aminophylline, but there was no difference between salbutamol and terbutaline. Both salbutamol and terbutaline produced tachycardia of a similar magnitude, and which returned to initial values within 90 minutes post-injection. Aminophylline did not cause tachycardia and this difference compared with the beta-agonists on pulse rate was statistically significant (p less than 0.001). Salbutamol caused a significantly greater incidence of palpitations than did either aminophylline (p less than 0.01) or terbutaline (p less than 0.05). No other differences between treatments were observed.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

A 21-day double-blind study of the effect of adding sustained-release theophylline (Nuelin SA) to inhaled salbutamol in patients with asthma.

The effect of adding sustained-release theophylline tablets (Nuelin SA) in a dose of 350 and 700 mg daily to regular treatment with inhaled salbutamol was assessed in a double-blind cross-over study in 19 patients with reversible airways obstruction. In this combination, oral theophylline, even in the relatively low dose of 350 mg a day, produced a significant additional improvement in lung function. Subjectively, patients showed a preference for the combination of theophylline and inhaled salbutamol compared with the beta-stimulant alone.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Asthma and beta-blockers.

In a randomized, blind crossover study in 14 hypertensive patients with asthma, involving placebo and chronically administered (3 weeks) equipotent beta1-blocking doses of atenolol 100 mg once daily and metoprolol 100 mg bid, atenolol and metoprolol produced a similar fall in blood pressure. Atenolol caused significantly (p less than 0.05) less bronchospasm in terms of fewer asthmatic attacks, more asthma-free days, less frequent sensations of moderate to very severe, wheeziness and less effect on the evening peak flow rate. It was concluded that, in patients with asthma who require beta blockade, atenolol is the preferred agent, co-prescribed with a beta2 stimulant.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

A therapeutic comparison of ipratropium bromide and salbutamol in asthmatic patients.

A single-blind, crossover study was carried out in 43 asthmatic patients to compare the efficacy and tolerance of inhaled ipratropium bromide with inhaled salbutamol. One or other drug was given 3-times daily (0.04 mg ipratropium bromide or 0.2 mg salbutamol per dose) over a period of 4 weeks. Patients were then crossed over to the alternative medication for a further 4 weeks. The results of lung function tests performed at routine clinic visits and by the patients at home showed similar increases in peak flow and spirometry recordings, although more patients expressed a preference for salbutamol. Unwanted effects were minor with both drugs. It is suggested, therefore, that ipratropium bromide may be a useful alternative to beta-stimulants in some asthmatics.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

An exercise test to assess clinical dyspnoea: estimation of reproducibility and sensitivity.

A new test for assessing clinical dyspnoea with greater precision has been devised. This involves walking on a treadmill while ventilation is measured and dyspnoea is assessed serially with visual analogue scales. The test has been applied successfully in patients with chronic bronchitis and emphysema and in asthmatic patients. The reproducibility of the test was determined by comparing identical periods of exercise separated by an interval of five days in patients with chronic bronchitis and emphysema. The relationship between dyspnoea and ventilation showed acceptable within-patient reproducibility. The sensitivity of the test was investigated in asthmatic patients by comparing exercise after placebo and after salbutamol which had increased PEFR by a mean of 33%. After salbutamol, lower breathlessness scores usually occurred for a given level of ventilation and this indicates that the test was sensitive enough to detect an effective treatment. Thus more precise assessment of dyspnoea in patients is feasible and generally reliable. However, a proportion of patients respond unpredictably and it is necessary to apply this test critically and with an appreciation of its limitations.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

Cardioselectivity of atenolol in asthmatic patients.

This double-blind, randomised, within patient, placebo-controlled study set out to investigate the effect of a cardioselective beta-blocker, atenolol, at different oral doses (50, 100 and 200 mg) and a non-selective agent, propranolol (40 mg), upon 1. airways resistance (forced expiratory volume at one second = FEV1) and 2. the bronchodilator action of increasing doses of inhaled isoprenaline, in patients with co-existent hypertension and reversible airways obstruction. In 10 patients, two hours after drug administration, the 3 doses of atenolol caused a significantly greater (P less than 0.05) degree of B1-blockade than propranolol. In contrast the 3 doses of atenolol caused significantly less (P less than 0.05 to 0.01) B2-blockade as evidenced by a smaller fall in FEV1. The isoprenaline FEV1 dose response curves were displaced progressively to the right of the placebo curve with increasing doses of atenolol, but the greatest displacement was with propranolol. It was concluded that patients with reversible airways obstruction who require beta-blockade should be given a low dose of a cardioselective agent in conjunction with, if required, a beta 2 stimulant such as isoprenaline. Such a treatment will be less likely to cause a troublesome increase in airways resistance and the bronchodilator action of the beta 2 stimulant will be almost fully preserved.

Airway Resistance↗
PubMed1980

Beclomethasone dipropionate in asthma: a comparison of two methods of administration.

Beclomethasone dipropionate inhaled as a dry powder in doses of 200 microgram four times a day was compared with the usual dose of 100 microgram four times a day from a pressurized aerosol in 65 patients with asthma who used pressurized aerosols correctly. Each treatment was given for an eight-week period. The dry powder did not show any clinically significant advantage over the aerosol in terms of ventilatory function as measured by FEV1 and the daily peak flow measurements during both treatments did not differ. The incidence of oral candidiasis was low and no other side-effects were encountered. It was concluded that beclomethasone dipropionate in dry powder form was as effective as aerosol in the treatment of asthma.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1980

A comparative trial of flunisolide and beclomethasone dipropionate in the treatment of perennial allergic rhinitis.

An open, parallel comparison of flunisolide and beclomethasone dipropionate nasal sprays is described. Sixty patients entered the study of whom fifty-six completed the full 4 weeks' therapy. The dosage of flunisolide was two actuations (25 micrograms/actuation) into each nostril twice a day (total 200 micrograms). The dosage of beclomethasone dipropionate was one actuation (50 micrograms) in each nostril four times a day (total 400 micrograms). Both drugs produced statistically significant improvements compared with admission values in sneezing, stuffiness, runny nose, nose blowing and post-nasal drip. Both drug significantly decreased the interference by symptoms with routine life and sleep. At the end of the trial both treatment groups showed total or good control of symptoms in the majority of patients. No statistically significant difference was shown between the effects of the two drugs. Side-effects did not cause withdrawal from the trial in any patient and were mostly confined to minor headache and nose and throat complaints. In neither treatment group was there any evidence of adrenal suppression or growths of Candida from nasal swabs.

Adult↗