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Biomedical subjects

S Roy

Publications and source records attributed to S Roy.

At least 793 records · Page 44Linked to original sources
PubMed1981

Shunt nephritis.

Nephritis associated with a chronically infected ventriculoatrial shunt is known as shunt nephritis. To our knowledge, we report the first case of shunt nephritis in a child with a ventriculoperitoneal shunt. The light, immunofluorescence and electron microscopic findings in our patient were characteristic of shunt nephritis. The immune complex pathogenesis of the disease is discussed. Urologists involved in the management of children with myelodysplasia and neurogenic bladders should be alert to this renal complication.

Cerebrospinal Fluid Shunts↗
PubMed1981

Cerebral cladosporiosis.

Two cases of cerebral abscess caused by Cladosporium bantianum are described. One patient was a 50-year-old man who presented after experiencing symptoms for five years, while the other was a 6-month-old child. In both patients the fungus was identified in the material submitted for histopathological examination, and in 1 case it was cultured. Although no antifungal therapy was administered, the child has improved and is doing well ten months after the operation.

Brain↗
PubMed1981

Haemagglutinins and lysins in plants and their application in characterising human and animal red cells.

Saline extracts of 207 seed varieties belonging to 53 families were tested for haemagglutinating and haemolytic activity against the erythrocytes of eleven vertebrate species (man, monkey, rabbit, rat, goat, sheep, cow, buffalo, horse, mule and fowl). Of these, 85 seed extracts showed haemagglutinating activity and 49 seed extracts showed haemolytic activity against the red cells of one or more animal species. Several seed extracts were found to react in a species specific manner agglutinating or lysing the red cells exclusively of one animal species each. The possible practical application of the species specific plant agglutinins and haemolysins in characterising the red cells of different animal species is discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

The liver in siblings of patients with Indian childhood cirrhosis: a light and electron microscopic study.

Liver biopsies from 29 siblings of patients with Indian childhood cirrhosis (ICC) and from two age-matched controls were examined by routine light and transmission electron microscopy. Histochemical stainings for copper and copper-binding protein were also carried out. The mild and non-specific structural alterations that were observed did not differ from those seen in control livers, even though a slight to moderate excess of copper and copper-binding protein was demonstrated in the majority. Aggregates of microtubules seen in some siblings, as well as in control livers, may indicate the preconditions for development of Mallory hyaline. It is possible that these features suggest a susceptibility for the development of ICC but not early disease.

Carrier Proteins↗
PubMed1981

Quantification of protease, amylase and lipase in the gut of Schizodactylus monstrosus during the postembryonic developmental stage. Effect of starvation, stress and topical application of juvenile hormone analogue.

A quantitative picture is presented on the activities and distribution of three major digestive enzymes in the postembryonic and adult stages of Schizodactylus monstrosus. The activity of enzymes in adult insects of both sexes has also been studied under starvation stress and after the topical application of juvenile hormone analogue. Results show that amylase activity was much higher in the early stages of development while in later stages protease and lipase activity was more significant. Protease activity was highest in the adult male, while the activity of all the enzymes reached its maximum in pregnant females. Starvation stress in adult individuals led to a slight decline of enzyme activity which was insignificant statistically. Topical application of JHa in high doses caused a steady increase in the activity of all the enzymes of which the increase of protease was statistically significant. The probable reasons for the quantitative variation have been discussed.

Administration, Topical↗
PubMed1981

Hypokalemic metabolic alkalosis in normotensive infants with elevated plasma renin activity and hyperaldosteronism: role of dietary chloride deficiency.

The role of chloride deficiency in the generation of hypokalemic metabolic alkalosis with elevated plasma renin activity and plasma aldosterone levels, normal blood pressure, and a renal concentrating defect was studied in six infants given a soy formula that was deficient in chloride. A deceleration in linear growth, weight gain, and head circumference with age and delayed neurologic development were noted in every infant during the first six months of life. Microscopic hematuria and persistent elevation of plasma creatinine were noted in four of the infants. A renal biopsy in two infants revealed no juxtaglomerular hyperplasia, but interstitial tubular calcification was observed in one, and interstitial fibrosis was found in both. The generation of the hypokalemic metabolic alkalosis in these infants was explained by the reduced intake of chloride, and the addition of chloride alone to the diet resulted in a correction of the electrolyte abnormalities and the alkalosis.

Alkalosis↗
PubMed1981

Role of prostaglandins in IUD-associated uterine bleeding--effect of a prostaglandin synthetase inhibitor (ibuprofen).

Prostaglandins have been shown to be increased in the endometrium of women and experimental animals wearing intrauterine devices (IUDs). As prostaglandins may cause increased vascularity and vascular permeability, and as certain prostaglandins (PgI2) inhibit platelet activity, the local generation of prostaglandins may contribute to endometrial bleeding. Thus, the effect of ibuprofen, a prostaglandin synthetase inhibitor, was tested by quantifying menstrual blood loss in 20 women wearing IUDs in a double-blind, 2-period crossover study. Ibuprofen produced a significant reduction in menstrual blood loss; the percentage reduction was greater in women using a Lippes Loop and who had heavier blood loss (39%) than in women using a copper device and who had lighter blood loss (25%). These findings support the contention that prostaglandin synthesis is important in the genesis of IUD-associated menorrhagia and that prostaglandin inhibitors may be useful in the therapy of this condition.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Adenosine 5'-(2-bromoethyl)-phosphate. A new affinity label for adenine nucleotide sites in proteins.

A new adenosine analogue adenosine 5'-(2-bromoethyl)-phosphate has been synthesized. The reactive moiety, a bromoalkyl group, has the ability to react with the nucleophilic side chains of several amino acids. This compound reacts with NAD-dependent isocitrate dehydrogenase from pig heart, causing inactivation. Addition of the allosteric regulator ADP to the reaction mixture protects the enzyme from loss of activity. A second adenosine analogue has been synthesized, adenosine 5'-(n-propyl)-phosphate, which is used to assess any effects that might arise from the noncovalent interaction of adenosine 5'-(2-bromoethyl)-phosphate with the enzyme. It is proposed that adenosine 5'-(2-bromoethyl)-phosphate reacts with an adenine nucleotide site on isocitrate dehydrogenase and that this compound may have general applicability as an affinity label of catalytic and regulatory adenine nucleotide sites in proteins.

Adenine Nucleotides↗
PubMed1980

Comparison of metabolic and clinical effects of four oral contraceptive formulations and a contraceptive vaginal ring.

A group of 100 women desiring OC received one of the following four formulations on a randomized basis: (1) mestranol 50 micrograms and norethindrone 1 mg, , (2) ethinyl estradiol 50 micrograms and norethindrone 1 mg, (3) ethinyl estradiol 35 micrograms and norethindrone 1 mg, and (4) ethinyl estradiol 30 micrograms and levonorgestrel 150 mg. An additional 10 women received a CVR containing levonorgestrel and estradiol. Measurement of a large number of serum chemistries, lipids, proteins, clotting factors, and liver enzymes was obtained before and 3 and 6 months after starting medication. Clinical factors such as weight, blood pressure, bleeding or spotting, or any adverse side effects were also recorded. There was no significant difference in the metabolic parameters measured among the four oral contraceptives except the increase in angiotensinogen was slightly less in the groups receiving the compounds with 30 or 35 micrograms estrogen and the groups receiving the norgestrel compound had no increase in triglycerides and a slight decrease in cholesterol levels. When the CVR was compared with all oral contraceptives it was found to produce no change in angiotensinogen levels and a decrease in triglycerides. Some of each group of OC users had a lowering of antithrombin III to abnormal levels but none of the CVR users had his amount of decrease. As oral steroids with 30 or 35 micrograms of estrogen do not produce significantly less metabolic alteration than do compounds with 50 micrograms of estrogen, it is unlikely that their use will reduce the incidence of the uncommon serious adverse effects associated with OC use. However, since the CVR's did not increase angiotensinogen, their use as contraceptives will most likely not produce hypertension and possibly the other serious circulatory problems which are increased in some OC users.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

Ectopic pregnancy. A study of 300 consecutive surgically treated cases.

Three hundred consecutive women with the surgical and histological diagnosis of ectopic pregnancy were studied to evaluate the etiological factors associated with this problem. Seventy-seven women had a history of surgical evidence of pelvic inflammatory disease (PID); 46 had a history of abdominal pelvic surgery; 32 had a history of both PID and surgery. Forty-three women had used an intrauterine device (IUD), and 32 had a device in utero at the time of the ectopic pregnancy. However, no definite relationship between use of the IUD and ectopic pregnancy could be established. A pregnancy test was positive in 207 of the 251 women on whom it was performed. Culdocentesis, performed on all patients, yielded nonclotting blood in 285 patients. Hematocrit value, measured on the culdocentesis specimen, was greater than 15% in 278 of the 285 women.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

Primary rhabdomyosarcoma of the cerebellum.

A case of primary rhabdomyosarcoma of the cerebellum is reported. This is a very rare form of primary tumour in the brain and probably arises from the ectomesenchyme of the neural crest.

Cerebellar Neoplasms↗
PubMed1980

Aberrant testicular differentiation in 46,XY gonadal dysgenesis: morphology, endocrinology, serology.

In an infant with gonadal dysgenesis and somatic anomalies, the internal and external genitalia were female but the gonads contained tubular structures suggesting male differentiation. The karyotype was 46,XY with no evidence of structural aberration or mosaicism. Hormonal metabolism and H-Y antigen expression were assayed in cultured gonadal cells. Although unable to synthesize testosterone, the cultured cells were able to convert it to dihydrotestosterone. H-Y antigen was present, perhaps at a level lower than that in cells from normal XY males. Our observations indicate that a modicum of testicular organogenesis may precede the involution that results in a streak gonad in some cases of gonadal dysgenesis.

Cells, Cultured↗
PubMed1980

Leiomyosarcoma of the colon: a case report and review of literature.

Leiomyosarcoma of the colon, excluding that of the rectum, is extremely rare. We report a case of leiomyosarcoma of the ascending colon with a brief review of literature. The clinical manifestations in our case were typical: abdominal pain, diarrhea, anorexia, and a palpable tumor that was firm, smooth, and mobile inspite of its bulk. Toxic features, cachexia and weight loss were less prominent. Morphologically the tumor was of dumbbell type with intracolic and extracolic components. The microscopic picture, consisting of spindle-shaped smooth-muscle cells with pleomorphism and one to three mitotic figures per high-power field, was characteristic. In the absence of local spread, a hemicolectomy was considered curative, but our patient developed extensive metastasis in 25 months. The correlation between mitotic activity of the tumor and prognosis in our case was consistent with that reported in literature.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

Clinical and endocrinologic study of continuous levonorgestrel administration from subcutaneous solid polydimethylsiloxane rods.

Three solid polydimethylsiloxane (Silastic) rods containing levonorgestrel were inserted into the subcutaneous tissue of the volar aspect of the forearm of 8 women. Serum samples were drawn three times a week for 2 months and weekly thereafter for 2 years in 3 of the subjects. The other subjects had serum drawn during the twelfth and last treatment months. Levonorgestrel, estradiol and progesterone were measured in all samples. The subject kept a bleeding record. In comparison to an earlier clinical trial in which 6 hollow capsules of Silastic filled with levonorgestrel were used, the 3 solid levonorgestrel-containing rods provided higher serum levels of levonorgestrel, fewer serum estradiol peaks, only a single episode of ovulation and better bleeding performance.

Adult↗