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Biomedical subjects

S Roy

Publications and source records attributed to S Roy.

At least 757 records · Page 42Linked to original sources
PubMed1982

Changes in unbound sex steroids and sex hormone binding globulin--binding capacity during oral and vaginal progestogen administration.

Four groups of five cycling women each received either a contraceptive vaginal ring containing a combination of either levonorgestrel or norethindrone with estradiol or oral contraceptives containing a combination of either dl-norgestrel or norethindrone with ethinyl estradiol. Pretreatment as well as 2- and 7-week treatment serum samples were assayed for sex hormone binding globulin-binding capacity (SHBG-BC), estradiol, non-SHBG-bound estradiol, testosterone, and non-SHBG-bound testosterone, d-norgestrel, non-SHBG-bound d-norgestrel, and norethindrone. SHBG-BC was significantly increased in the norethindrone oral contraceptive group, unchanged in the norgestrel oral contraceptive group, and significantly reduced in both contraceptive vaginal ring groups. These findings indicate that the positive effect of oral ethinyl estradiol on SHBG-BC offsets the suppressive effects of d-norgestrel on SHBG-BC, while the estradiol in the d-norgestrel or norethindrone contraceptive vaginal rings is insufficient to alter the suppressive effect of d-norgestrel or norethindrone on SHBG-BC. In contrast, the ethinyl estradiol in the norethindrone oral contraceptive overcame the suppressive effect of norethindrone on SHBG-BC, resulting in a significantly increased SHBG-BC level. Although total circulating estradiol was significantly decreased in the contraceptive vaginal ring groups, the percentage of unbound serum estradiol was significantly increased in both contraceptive vaginal ring groups and significantly reduced in the norethindrone oral contraceptive group. Although total circulating testosterone was significantly reduced only in the norgestrel oral contraceptive group, the percentage and mass of unbound testosterone were significantly decreased in the norethindrone oral contraceptive group, while the percentage of unbound testosterone was significantly reduced in the norgestrel oral contraceptive group and significantly increased in the norethindrone contraceptive vaginal ring group. As levels of unbound (biologically active) steroid differ markedly from levels of total steroid, it is essential to measure levels of non-SHBG-bound estradiol and testosterone in order to determine effects of steroidal contraceptives on physiologically active circulating endogenous steroids.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Copper intrauterine contraceptive device event rates following insertion 4 to 8 weeks post partum.

There is a consensus in the literature that intrauterine contraceptive devices (IUDs) should not be inserted within 8 weeks post partum because of reported greater rates of pregnancy, expulsion, and perforation. This greater incidence of event rates was observed in certain clinics that used large plastic IUDs, mainly the loops. In an effort to determine whether the interval from delivery to insertion of a copper-bearing IUD caused altered event rates, an analysis of studies of parous women who were using five different copper-bearing IUDs was undertaken. During the time of these studies, 411 women had an IUD inserted between 4 and 8 weeks post partum, whereas 1,197 women had the IUD inserted more than 8 weeks after a term delivery. At the end of 1 and 2 years of use, there were 4,164 and 6,816 woman months of experience, respectively, in the women with postpartum insertion, and 11,647 and 19,733 woman months of experience with insertion more than 8 weeks post partum. There were no uterine perforations in this experience, and there were no significant differences in the termination rates of any event between the two groups. This retrospective analysis indicates that copper IUDs can be inserted at the time of the routine postpartum examination without concern that the rate of accidental pregnancy, expulsion, or removal for bleeding and/or pain will be increased in comparison with a later insertion.

Female↗
PubMed1982

Hypercalciuria in children with urolithiasis.

The pathogenetic roles of idiopathic renal hypercalciuria and absorptive hypercalciuria in children with urolithiasis have not yet been determined. Oral calcium loading studies were performed in 21 children with unexplained calcareous urolithiasis. Thirteen children, aged 20 months to 17 years, were found to have renal hypercalciuria after an overnight fast (urinary calcium-urinary creatinine [UCa/UCr] ratio in milligrams, greater than 0.21). Four children were found to have absorptive hypercalciuria. In this group, fasting UCa/UCr values were normal (SEM, 0.12 +/- 0.02); however, UCa/UCr values were elevated (SEM, 0.31 +/- 0.01) after the oral calcium load. Serum parathyroid hormone values were normal in all children with hypercalciuria. Urinary calcium excretion was normal in four patients. These data indicate that hypercalciuria may frequently occur in children with urolithiasis and that detailed metabolic evaluation is warranted in children with kidney stone disease.

Absorption↗
PubMed1982

Termination of early gestation with 9-deoxo-16,16-dimethyl-9-methylene prostaglandin E2.

Vaginal suppositories containing 9-deoxo-16,16-dimethyl-9-methylene prostaglandin E2 were administered to 40 subjects in an attempt to induce an early abortion. All subjects were 49 days or less from their last menstrual period. Ten subjects (Group A) received the 75-mg suppository followed in 6 hours by a 30-mg suppository, ten subjects (Group B) received the 30-mg suppository followed in 2 hours by the 75-mg suppository and twenty subjects (Group C) received a 30-mg suppository followed in 3 hours by a second 30-mg suppository and in three more hours, at the discretion of the principal investigator, they could receive a third 30-mg suppository. Twenty-seven subjects (68%) had a successful termination of their pregnancy using the multiple vaginal prostaglandin suppository regimens. Seven subjects from Group A, 6 subjects from Group B, and 14 subjects from Group C successfully aborted. One subject in Group B and one subject in Group C were lost to follow-up and the remaining 11 subjects (28%) failed to abort. Twenty-six subjects reported side effects which included nausea, emesis, diarrhea, and uterine cramping requiring analgesia. Thirty-four subjects experienced hyperpyrexia of 99.6 degrees or greater and 12 subjects had their body temperature reach 101 degrees or higher. The use of vaginal suppositories containing 9-deoxo-16,16-dimethyl-9-methylene prostaglandin E2 did not significantly increase the overall abortifacient efficacy of this method from the 60% rate we previously observed with (15S)-15-methyl-prostaglandin F2 alpha methyl ester suppositories.

16,16-Dimethylprostaglandin E2↗
PubMed1982

Comparative activity of natural mono-, di- and tri-hydroxy derivatives of arachidonic acid on guinea-pig lungs: myotropic effect and stimulation of cyclooxygenase activity.

The activity of natural 5,6-Dihydroxy-eicosatetraenoic acid (5,6-DiHETE; 2 isomers), 5S,15S-DiHETE, 8S,15S-DiHETE, 5S,12S-DiHETE, delta 6-trans-leukotriene B4, 12-epi-delta 6-trans-leukotriene B4, omega-hydroxy-leukotriene B4, omega-carboxy-leukotriene B4, 15S-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (15S-HETE), 12S-HETE, 5S-HETE and 12S-hydroxy-heptadecatrienoic acid was compared to LTB4 on the guinea-pig lung parenchymal strip and on the release of prostaglandins and thromboxanes by the perfused guinea-pig lungs. The omega-hydroxy-LTB4 appeared more potent than LTB4 both for inducing a contraction and for releasing prostanoids whereas the omega-carboxy-LTB4 was much less active on the parenchyma and did not release prostanoids at the dose used. All other hydroxy acids tested were either very weakly active or inactive in the two systems used with the exception of the 5,6-DiHETEs which showed significant activity. These di-hydroxy acids induced contractions of the lung parenchymal strip which could be blocked by FPL-55712 but were inactive on the guinea-pig ileum. The 5S-HETE, 12S-HETE and 15S-HETE were also tested for possible myotropic activity on selected smooth muscle preparations. Our results provide further informations on the structural requirements for LTB4 (and other hydroxy acids) actions on the guinea-pig lungs.

12-Hydroxy-5,8,10,14-eicosatetraenoic Acid↗
PubMed1982

Evidence for a mediator role of thromboxane A2 in the myotropic action of leukotriene B4 (LTB4) on the guinea-pig lung.

The mechanism of action of LTB4 has been investigated on the guinea-pig lung parenchymal strip. Mepacrine (20 microgram/ml), an inhibitor of phospholipase A2, abolished the action of LTB4 on parenchymal strips. Eicosatetraynoic acid (10 microgram/ml) and BW755C (40 microgram/ml) which are inhibitors of cyclooxygenase and lipoxygenase pathways, produced a marked inhibition of the lung strip contraction to LTB4. Similarly, aspirin (30 micrograms/ml) and flufenamate (1 microgram/ml) showed a strong inhibition of the contraction of parenchymal strips to LTB4; these results suggested that cyclooxygenase products mediate the action of LTB4. The response to LTB4 was unaffected by 15-hydroperoxyeicosatatraenoic acid (15-HPETE; 1 microgram/ml) while L8027 (25 ng/ml) reduced the contraction by 50%, suggesting that thromboxane A2 rather than prostacyclin was involved. Since parenchymal strips do not appear to be very sensitive to PGF2 alpha, PGE2 and the endoperoxides, and since effluents from LTB4-treated lungs produced contractions of lung strip and rabbit aorta which were reduced after 5 min. at 25 degrees, thromboxane A2 was postulated to mediate the lung effect of LTB4. The release of thromboxane B2 (TxB2) from lungs stimulated with LTB4 was confirmed by gas-chromatography-mass spectrometric (GC-MS) analyses.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Cystic kidneys in a patient with oral-facial-digital syndrome type I.

A cystic renal lesion is described in a girl with oral-facial-digital syndrome, type I. Excretory urography was normal at 1 yr of age; however, flank masses, hypertension, and renal failure were discovered at 11 yr of age. Bilateral nephrectomies were performed prior to renal transplantation. The renal cortex was replaced by large cysts. The cysts were lined by flattened nondescript epithelium and many contained glomerular tufts. Twenty renal cysts were aspirated, and the cyst fluid analyzed for sodium, potassium, creatinine, and osmolality. The concentration of solutes in the cyst fluid was comparable to plasma values. The pathologic features and pattern of cyst solute concentration appear to distinguish the cystic renal lesion in oral-facial-digital syndrome from the more common adult-type polycystic kidney disease.

Abnormalities, Multiple↗
PubMed1982

Indian childhood cirrhosis--a heritable disease.

Pedigree charts of 20 families with an index case of Indian childhood cirrhosis, and 70 families of age-matched controls are analysed. Only 177 families were informative for segregation analysis. A single ascertainment model was used for analysis. The hypotheses of autosomal-recessive, partial sex-linkage, and doubly recessive inheritance were found untenable. Multifactorial inheritance was found more plausible. The estimates of heritability of liability were 0.904 for propositi sib and 1.587 for propositi cousins, which indicates a strong role of heredity in the etiology of the disease.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Deficiency and urinary losses of factor XII in adult nephrotic syndrome.

Factor XII was measured in the plasma and urine of 16 adult patients with nephrotic syndrome and 10 normal volunteers using a monospecific antibody to human factor XII. In addition plasma factor XII procoagulant activity was determined in both groups. Plasma immunoreactive factor XII level was significantly lower in the nephrotic group than the control group. This was associated with a significant reduction of plasma factor XII procoagulant activity. To examine the effect of albumin concentration on factor XII procoagulant activity purified human serum albumin was added in the in vitro system. Manipulation of albumin concentration failed to alter plasma factor XII activity. Considerable amounts of factor XII were recovered in the urine of all but one of the tested nephrotic patients while none were found in the urine of the control group. Plasma factor XII concentration was within normal limits in the single patient whose urine contained no detectable factor XII. Moreover, there was a significant negative correlation between plasma and urinary factor XII concentrations (r = -0.79; p less than 0.01). In addition, plasma factor XII concentration showed a significant correlation with serum albumin concentration (r = 0.63; p less than 0.05). It thus appears that renal losses of this plasma protein contribute to its low plasma concentration in our patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Adrenal responsiveness in children with steroid responsive idiopathic nephrotic syndrome.

Impaired adrenal cortical responsiveness to ACTH has been reported in children with steroid responsive nephrotic syndrome. Plasma cortisol levels at 8 AM and 2 hours post ACTH stimulation were measured on 42 occasions in 33 children with steroid-responsive nephrotic syndrome. Twenty-two of 42 fasting 8 AM plasma cortisol and 39 of 42 post-ACTH plasma cortisol values were subnormal. Plasma cortisol values were similar in children evaluated prior to, immediately following or 2-24 moths after prednisone therapy. No relationship was observed between 8 AM or post-ACTH plasma cortisol values and serum albumin concentration or the presence of edema. Impaired adrenal responsiveness to ACTH was not helpful in predicting the length of clinical remission. Hydrocortisone replacement therapy given to five children with impaired ACTH-responsiveness did not alter the rate of relapses observed prior to this treatment.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

Comparison of cefotaxime with cefazolin for prophylaxis of vaginal or abdominal hysterectomy.

One hundred fourteen women undergoing vaginal hysterectomy (n = 63) or abdominal hysterectomy (n = 51) were randomly allocated to one of three groups: regimen 1--cefotaxime perioperatively; regimen 2--cefotaxime perioperatively and for 24 hours postoperatively; or regimen 3--cefazolin perioperatively and for 24 hours postoperatively. Febrile morbidity was evaluated with respect to antibiotics, number of doses, type of procedure, operative time, estimated blood loss, and wound bacteriology. Of the patients who underwent vaginal hysterectomy, febrile morbidity occurred in three of 24 on regimen 1, one of 23 on regimen 2, and zero of 16 on regimen 3. Of those patients who underwent abdominal hysterectomy, febrile morbidity occurred in three of 18 on regimen 1, zero of 19 on regimen 2, and two of 14 on regimen 3. There were no significant differences among regimens in the incidence of febrile morbidity after vaginal or abdominal hysterectomy. Findings indicate, however, that febrile morbidity correlates with the type of procedure rather than with any of the other variables studied. Return of vaginal flora (aerobes, anaerobes, or mixed) was similar with all regimens. Cefotaxime was found to be as effective as cefazolin in reducing febrile morbidity.

Cefazolin↗
PubMed1982

Urinary excretion of calcium following an oral calcium loading test in healthy children.

The ratio of urinary calcium (UCa)/urinary creatinine (UCr) concentrations (mg/mg) during calcium loading has been used to diagnose hypercalciuric states in adults. The UCa/UCr ratios have been examined before and after an oral dose of calcium in 48 healthy children following five days of abstinence from dietary milk products. No differences in UCa/UCr ratios were observed between sexes, races, or age groups. UCa/UCr ratio before the calcium dose was 0.09 +/- 0.12 (mean +/- 2 SD) and increased to 0.12 +/- 0.15 in urine samples collected for four hours after the calcium load. A direct relationship between UCa/UCr ratio and urinary sodium (UNa)/UCr ratio was observed (r = .57, P less than .01). In six children, calcium loading studies were repeated without prior restriction of dietary calcium. Dietary calcium intake before the calcium loading had little effect upon UCa/UCr ratio before the calcium in these six children (0.068 vs 0.08); however, UCa/UCr values after the calcium load were significantly lower (0.08 vs 0.15) when no dietary calcium restriction preceded the calcium-loading study. These data may allow characterization of renal hypercalciuria and gastrointestinal hyperabsorption of calcium in children with urolithiasis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

Nuclear Overhauser effect study and assignment of D stem and reverse-Hoogsteen base pair proton resonances in yeast tRNAAsp.

Nuclear Overhauser effects (NOEs) in yeast tRNAAsp were found for all four GU and G psi base pairs. NOEs of both reverse-Hoogsteen pairs were identified by comparison with a purine C8 deuterated sample. Several NOEs involving these resonances were also found which are clearly between single protons on adjacent base pairs. These interbase NOEs, combined with the assumption of reasonable similarity between the structure of yeast tRNAAsp and that of yeast tRNAPhe, lead to unambiguous assignment of many resonances including all the ring NH and C2 protons in the D stem. The stability of the stem at 28 degrees C, as recently deduced by Moras et al (Nature 288 669-674), from x-ray diffraction is confirmed. Assignments of the ring NH resonances of T54-A58 and of a G psi pair are made for the first time.

Base Composition↗