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Biomedical subjects

S Roy

Publications and source records attributed to S Roy.

At least 685 records · Page 38Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

The 724 family of DNA sequences is interspersed about the pericentromeric regions of human acrocentric chromosomes.

We describe the organization of the complex, interspersed 724 family of DNA sequences that is distributed in multiple copies about the pericentromeric region of human acrocentric chromosomes. 724 family members were isolated using an efficient recombination-based assay for nucleotide sequence homology to screen a human genomic library. Eight related but distinct 724 family members were isolated that hybridized to a total of 20 different human-genomic EcoRI DNA fragments spanning 100,000 base pairs. In contrast with tandemly clustered satellite and ribosomal DNA sequences also located on the short arms of human acrocentric chromosomes, 724 family members are interspersed. No evidence for local interspersion or homology between 724 family members and ribosomal or satellite DNA sequences was found. Juxtaposition of the complex 724 family to the nucleolus organizer region was a recent event in primate evolution. The unique organization of 724 family members on each of the five human acrocentric chromosomes indicates that the 724 family continues to evolve within the human karyotype.

Base Composition↗
PubMed1986

Effect of molindone on weight change in hospitalized schizophrenic patients.

A retrospective review was conducted to assess the effect of molindone on weight. Monthly weights and neuroleptic dosages during the first three months of psychiatric hospitalization were compared between matched groups of patients receiving molindone, a combination of molindone and other neuroleptics, or other neuroleptic drugs. We found no significant differences in weight gain among the three groups. Our results challenge the common opinion that molindone can be associated with a lack of weight gain compared to other antipsychotics.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

CT peritoneography in evaluation of pediatric dialysis complications.

Intraperitoneal contrast material with CT scanning was used to evaluate three children with multiple recurrences of peritonitis and no obvious source of infection while they were undergoing continuous-cycling peritoneal dialysis. In one child a loculus of uno-pacified dialysate was readily identified, confirming sonographic findings that suggested an inflammatory pseudocyst. In the other two children, contrast material dispersed throughout the peritoneal dialysate, suggesting that recurrent peritonitis occurred from extraperitoneal contamination. CT peritoneography is easily performed with contrast material instilled through the peritoneal dialysis catheter. Combining anatomic imaging with intraperitoneal-fluid dynamics, this technique should provide more complete evaluation of the peritoneal cavity than other imaging methods. While additional evaluation is necessary, our initial experience suggests the usefulness of CT peritoneography in excluding an intraperitoneal source of infection during long-term peritoneal dialysis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Interactions among motility, fertilizing ability, and testosterone binding on spermatozoa of bonnet monkey (Macaca radiata).

Fresh ejaculates of bonnet monkeys were separated into fractions rich with highly motile and sluggishly motile spermatozoa. The motility, ability to fertilize zona-free hamster eggs, and distribution of testosterone-binding sites on spermatozoa were assessed to determine the relation between these sperm functions. Two parameters of objective assessment of motility--velocity and degree of flagellar bending--were significantly correlated with the ability to form pronuclei in zona-free hamster eggs. Only spermatozoa with good motility could form pronuclei, which might be important for assessment of the fertilizing ability. The motility was directly related to the distribution of testosterone-binding sites; the fraction having mostly motile spermatozoa was distributed over the sperm surface. The technique is simple and may be used to evaluate semen of nonhuman primates.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Unique pyrimidine 2D-COSY aromatic cross-peaks as monitors of pyrimidine environments and mobility in oligo- and polynucleotides.

Only cytosine contains two adjacent aromatic protons that give rise to cross-peaks in the aromatic region of 2D-COSY spectra of oligodeoxynucleotides. In two GC-containing sequences several such cross-peaks were resolved. The intensity of these cross-peaks is a sensitive monitor of local mobility, and upon the addition of the intercalating drug daunomycin selective intensity losses were observed, indicating binding to specific GC base pairs. We have also monitored the 2D-COSY cross-peaks from mobile pyrimidine bases in tRNA (Phe) as a function of temperature.

Base Composition↗
PubMed1985

Medullomyoblastoma. A teratoma.

Three cases of medullomyoblastoma in children are reported. The second case is unique in that in addition to areas of medulloblastoma and rhabdomyosarcoma, there were areas of well-differentiated teratoma containing all mature elements. This observation lends support to the teratomatous nature of medullomyoblastoma.

Cerebellar Neoplasms↗
PubMed1985

Low-renin hypertension in young infants.

Plasma renin activity (PRA) in neonates is significantly higher than in older infants and children and may increase as a result of numerous physiologic or therapeutic factors. For these reasons, the measurement of PRA is not usually helpful in establishing the cause of hypertension in neonates. In conditions that suppress renin release, however, measurement of PRA can be most useful. Herein, we describe two infants (ages 4 and 5 months, respectively) with sustained hypertension and low PRA secondary to dexamethasone-suppressible hyperaldosteronism. Low PRA was essential in establishing this diagnosis in both patients. Dexamethasone-suppressible hyperaldosteronism should be considered in hypertensive infants who have normal genitalia and low PRA.

Dexamethasone↗
PubMed1985

Pharmacologic assessment of regimen chemosensitivity in the soft-agar assay: effect of oxygen on human tumors.

The influence of oxygen on the growth and the in vitro chemosensitivity of human tumor cells was studied in the soft-agar assay. Tumor cells of pancreatic and ovarian origin prefer a reduced oxygen atmosphere for colony formation, whereas those of pulmonary origin grow better in 20% oxygen. Depending on the physiologic oxygen tension and the histologic origin of a particular cancer type, the in vitro chemosensitivity of many drug obtained with the conventional culture system could be inadequately assessed. The in vitro responses of tumor cells to combinations of drugs were measured by the regimen efficacy index (REI) method. The REI delineates the possible regimen enhancement or regimen default based on the in vitro chemosensitivity of the individual agents tested in the assay. In vitro regimen enhancement was observed only in ascites incubated in a reduced oxygen atmosphere with two-drug combinations. However, regardless of the oxygen gradients used, regimen default was seen in cancer cells of solid tumors treated with all combinations of drugs tested. This study suggests further investigation on the effects of oxygen in the soft-agar assay, and proposes the novel use of the REI method for evaluating the in vitro regimen chemosensitivity of human tumor cells.

Antineoplastic Agents↗
PubMed1985

Cefotaxime in the treatment of female pelvic soft tissue infections.

Forty-six females with pelvic soft tissue infections (recurrent salpingitis [n = 14], salpingitis with intrauterine contraceptive device [IUD] [n = 9], salpingitis with adnexal mass [n = 14], post-partum endomyoparametritis [n = 9]) were randomized for three antibiotic treatment regimens: cefotaxime (CTX) (n = 23), clindamycin and gentamicin (C + Gen) (n = 13), and clindamycin, gentamicin and penicillin (C + Gen + P) (n = 10). Patients were evaluated by diagnosis for clinical response to the three regimens and by pre-treatment bacterial susceptibility to the individual as well as the combination antibiotics. All 14 recurrent salpingitis patients responded satisfactorily to the assigned antibiotic regimen (CTX, n = 8; C + Gen, n = 3; C + Gen + P, n = 3). One of four patients with the diagnosis of salpingitis/IUD treated with CTX was a treatment failure, while three of three patients treated with C + Gen and two of two patients with C + Gen + P responded satisfactorily. Two of three patients with the diagnosis of salpingitis/adnexal mass failed therapy with C + Gen while the seven patients treated with CTX and the four patients with C + Gen + P responded satisfactorily. All nine patients with endomyoparametritis responded to their treatment regimen. Overall, there were no statistically significant differences in the responses by diagnosis and regimen, with the exception that C + Gen was significantly different (p less than 0.05) from CTX and C + Gen + P for the treatment of salpingitis with mass. Of the 141 bacterial isolates in all groups, 57 were aerobic or anaerobic gram-positive organisms.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Bacterial Infections↗
PubMed1985

Hapten-specific T-cell response to azobenzenearsonate-N-acetyl-L-tyrosine in the Lewis rat. IV. Rat dendritic cells present soluble and insoluble azobenzenearsonate conjugates to T cells.

We have used a fractionation procedure involving bovine serum albumin gradient floatation, adherence to glass, and rosetting with antibody-coated sheep erythrocytes to purify an accessory cell fraction from Lewis rat spleens. The fraction which is of light buoyant density, nonadherent, and FcR- is markedly Ia+, lacks phagocytic ability, is nonspecific esterase negative and under scanning electron microscopy has a heterogeneous morphology with a variety of protuberences described for rat dendritic cells. This putative dendritic cell preparation is very effective at stimulating proliferative responses with concanavalin A and allogeneic cells. When used to reconstitute the reactivity of peritoneal exudate cells of rats immunized with azobenzenearsonate-N-acetyl-L-tyrosine (ABA-Tyr) and subsequently depleted of Ia+ cells, it was shown to be highly effective with ABA conjugates of tyrosine, Ficoll, and polystyrene beads. Thus, despite the apparent absence of phagocytic or degradative abilities, this cell was very efficient at presenting large soluble and insoluble antigens. It is suggested that processing may occur at the cell surface without requiring internalization.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Neonatal hypertension from a unilateral multicystic dysplastic kidney.

Multicystic renal dysplasia is an extremely uncommon cause of hypertension in children and the few reported cases have not been of newborns. We report on a neonate in whom severe hypertension associated with elevated peripheral plasma renin resulted from a unilateral multicystic dysplastic kidney. Hypertension and plasma renin activity normalized after unilateral nephrectomy. No evidence of perfusion or excretory renal function in the dysplastic kidney was present on a radionuclide renal scan. This child demonstrates a relationship between hypertension and unilateral multicystic renal dysplasia.

Blood Pressure↗