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Biomedical subjects

S Roussin-Bretagne

Publications and source records attributed to S Roussin-Bretagne.

10 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2000

[Hepatitis C virus contamination of endoscopes and biopsy forceps].

BACKGROUND: Procedures such as digestive endoscopy may explain some unclear contaminations by HCV. AIMS: The aims of this study were to detect HCV genome on endoscopes and biopsy-forceps used in patients with known chronic HCV infection and to determine its presence in their gastric juice and saliva. METHODS: A gastroscopy with antral biopsies was performed in 48 patients with non-treated replicative chronic hepatitis C. Samples were obtained after pushing 10 mL of sterile water through the biopsy-suction channel and after immersing the brush used to clean this channel. The biopsy-forceps were also immersed and their tips brushed in 10 mL of sterile water. This sampling technique was repeated three times: immediately after the endoscopic procedure (T0), after washing with a detergent (T1) and after immersion for 20 minutes in a 2% glutaraldehyde solution (T2). The HCV genome was detected by polymerase chain reaction (PCR, Amplicor - Roche Diagnostics Systems). For the last 15 patients, samples of gastric juice and saliva were obtained before antral biopsies and used to detect HCV genome. RESULTS: HCV genome was detected in the biopsy-suction channel in 13 cases (27%) at T0 and in one case (2%) at T1. It was undetectable after completion of the disinfection procedure (T2). Three biopsy-forceps (6%) were PCR positive immediately after the endoscopy but none at T1 and T2. HCV genome was found in the gastric juice in three cases. In all of them, it was also found at T0 in the biopsy-suction channel but not on the biopsy-forceps. When saliva contained HCV genome (4 cases), it was present in the biopsy-suction channel in only one case. In this case, the gastric juice was also PCR positive. CONCLUSIONS: HCV genome is detected in 27% of cases in the biopsy-suction channel after an endoscopic procedure performed on patients with chronic HCV infection. The biopsy-forceps are PCR positive in 6% of cases. The infected gastric juice may play a role in the contamination of the endoscopes. The complete disinfection procedure seems effective to eliminate HCV.

Biopsy↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Retrospective study of 594 HIV-1 seropositive patients seen in 8 hospitals of western Paris].

This multicenter retrospective study concerns 594 cases of HIV-1 positive patients. The majority were asymptomatic. Some had Aids-related complex and some had AIDS. They were all seen in seven hospitals of the western outskirts of Paris and in one Paris hospital between 1983 and 1988. There was a predominance of homosexuals and of cases of AIDS in the center of Paris. Intravenous (IV) drug users and asymptomatic cases were more numerous in the city outskirts, a reflection of the populations at risk around each hospital. The proportion of cases of AIDS was lower among IV drug users than among homosexuals or bisexuals probably due to the fact that the viral infection was discovered at an earlier stage in a population contaminated at a later date or to the tendency to ask for the test "systematically" in drug addicts. 22% of the cases were women with a sex ratio of 3.5. HIV infection was attributed to use of intravenous drugs in 51% and to heterosexual transmission in 18% of the women. But the incidence of heterosexual transmission increased significantly, essentially in women. Overall, the incidence of infection by the HIV 1 has decreased since 1986. A number of recent publications seem to indicate the same tendency. But this fundamental observation remains to be validated by further studies. The yearly incidence of AIDS increases. The 5 year calculated actuarial rate of probability of remaining asymptomatic decreased to 40% in 385 initially asymptomatic patients.

Adult↗