Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to S Roth.
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Tests of the effect of the new steroid anaesthetic alfadion in the drug Althesin are described. Experiments were carried out in three experimental groups. Intramuscular administration of Althesin to dogs at doses 5 to 15 mg. kg-1 does not induce required anaesthesia. After intravenous administration of Althesin to dogs at a dose of 2 mg. kg-1 after diazepam pre-medication at a dose of 0.25 mg.kg-1 i. m., anaesthesia started without excitations immediately after completed application. Anaesthesia lasted on the average 10 minutes and at the time of recovery excitations and side effects occurred. After intravenous administration of Althesin at a dose of 6 mg. kg-1 with diazepam pre-medication 0.25 mg. kg-1 i.m., the course of narcosis in cats was similar to that in dogs, only its duration was on the average 29 minutes.
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Although most of the stress one faces in life occurs in anticipation of a stressful period, very little research has been done on what anticipatory cognitive activities are related to subsequent adjustment. The present study investigated the relationship between measures of anticipatory cognitive activity and subsequent adjustment in four spinal-cord-injured individuals. Measures of anticipatory cognitive activity, which were assessed before subjects left the rehabilitation center, were related to measures of adjustment, which were assessed when subjects returned to the rehabilitation center for a medical checkup anywhere from 7 to 13 1/2 weeks following discharge. Seven-month follow-ups were conducted with two of the subjects. Although the small sample size precluded any statistical analysis of the data, the rank orderings of subjects across the variables of interest revealed a number of interesting trends. The most striking trend was that the best adjusted subject predominantly employed rationalization and denial in anticipating going home. A theory to explain why these strategies may be effective for spinal-cord-injured individuals is proposed. Other trends revealed that individuals who avoid catastrophizing and worrying about what their life will be like, who think more about the various goals they may have once they leave the rehabilitation center, and who employ internal forms of mental rehearsal in anticipating going home tend to be better adjusted. Although any conclusions that can be drawn from this study are only suggestive, given the small sample size, the fruitfulness of conducting this type of research is demonstrated.
Fibronectin was shown to bind to C1q using alkaline phosphatase conjugated fibronectin and C1q coated polystyrene tubes. The binding of the alkaline phosphatase conjugated fibronectin to C1q was dose dependent and inhibited by fibronectin and by the sulfated polymers heparin and chondroitin sulfate. The fibronectin interaction was inhibited only slightly by gelatin indicating that the fibronectin-gelatin interaction was different from that with C1q. Heat aggregated IgG blocked the binding of fibronectin to C1q and fibronectin inhibited the binding of aggregated IgG to C1q. These results suggest that fibronectin may be a factor affecting the determination of immune complexes in serum specimens by C1q binding assays.
A combined treatment with surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy is necessary for children with adenomyosarcomas. In order to reduce the side effects of the treatment, it seems reasonable to establish a therapy plan taking into consideration the risk of recurrences. Besides the classification of stages according to the N.W.T.S., the following factors should be considered: histologic findings, manifestations of the lymph nodes, number of tumor nodes, size of the adenomyosarcoma, and a rupture of the adenomyosarcoma. A postoperative polychemotherapy is sufficient for children of stage I presenting favorable histological findings. For the stages II and III, an irradiation of the tumor and the lymph outflow regions or the total abdomen with 24 Gy is recommendable in addition to chemotherapy. For stage IV, an irradiation of the lung up to 12 Gy in addition to chemotherapy has proved to be useful. A pre-operative radio- or chemotherapy is indicated especially in case of a great tumor volume and stage III and IV.
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Hyaluronic acid-derivatised beads spontaneously agglutinate with chondroitin-sulphate-derivatised beads although neither bead type shows any self-agglutination. The interaction between hyaluronate and chondroitin sulphate is specific for these two glycosaminoglycans and appears to occur between their carbohydrate chains.
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The present paper presents a revised model of learned helplessness in humans. The conditions under which performance deficits (helplessness) or enhanced performance (facilitation) will result from exposure to objective noncontingency are defined by a number of variables that have been shown to have an impact on human helplessness. The reformulated model specifies the operation of moderating variables as they affect a number of relationships: that between the perception of noncontingency and the future expectancy of response-reinforcement independence; and finally that between the expectancy of response-reinforcement independence and the behavioral deficits associated with learned helplessness. It is argued that exposure to noncontingency can affect both the value of future reward and the perceived probability of obtaining it. Performance deficits or enhanced performance will result from the perception of noncontingency depending on the nature of this double-edged effect of exposure to noncontingent delivery of reward.
A galactosyltransferase that transfers galactose from UDPgalactose to asialoagalacto fetuin or N-acetylglucosamine was partly purified from two commerical preparations of fetuin and its kinetic properties were characterized. Several other preparations of fetuin were also found to contain galactosyltransferase activity.
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SV40-transformed mouse fibroblasts migrate upon, and spontaneously glycosylate, plastic substrates derivatized with chondroitin-6 sulfate and hyaluronic acid. Autoradiography of cultures prelabeled with 3H-glucose and 3H-galactose demonstrates the presence of silver grains near adherent cells. Silver grains are particularly dense near cells cultured on chondroitin sulfate. No significant grains are observed on control dishes or dishes derivatized with polygalacturonic acid. Radioactive material left by cells is not removed by boiling the dishes in 8 M urea and 10% sodium dodecylsulfate, suggesting that it is covalently linked to the derivatized plastic. Acid hydrolysis shows that the radioactive material consists of glucuronic acid and N-acetylglucosamine when the prelabeled cells are cultured on hyaluronic acid. When cells are cultured on chondroitin sulfate, the radioactive product consists only of glucuronic and and N-acetylgalactosamine sulfate. Sonicates of prelabeled cells or the supernatants from cultures of intact prelabeled cells add no SDS-urea-resistant radioactivity to dishes derivatized with these glycosaminoglycans.
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