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Biomedical subjects

S Ross

Publications and source records attributed to S Ross.

At least 307 records · Page 17Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

MMPI performance among women with bulimia: a cluster-analytic study.

Forty-two women, meeting criteria for bulimia, completed the MMPI. Cluster analysis of their scores revealed two distinct profile types. The first cluster, comprising about 64% of subjects, produced a mean profile in which only the Pd scale exceeded a t score of 70. In contrast, about 36% of subjects yielded a cluster-derived mean profile that was significantly elevated on many scales, including Pd, D, Pt, and Sc. The existence of these two very different subgroups of women with bulimia replicates previous work in this area and has potentially important implications for the description, treatment, and general understanding of those with this condition.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Psychoses in twins. A 10 year clinical and biochemical follow-up study.

An unbiased sample of monozygotic and dizygotic twins with psychotic or pre-psychotic symptoms has been followed during a 10 year period. The sample was based on 9000 patients, both born in 1930-1946, and hospitalized in Scania, Sweden, during the 1960s. 23 complete pairs were examined in 1972 with regard to a variety of clinical, genetic, and biochemical parameters. A fairly young sample was chosen in order to include a sufficient number of discordant pairs to be followed prospectively, thus making it possible to study a group of individuals with a very high risk of developing psychosis. 18 of the 23 pairs were re-examined by the same clinician 10 years later. The biochemical methods were both partly the same as those used 10 years earlier and partly extended. Very few changes in the clinical diagnoses of the twins were noted during the follow-up period. A highly significant correlation was found between 1972 and 1982 activity both for catechol O-methyltransferase (COMT) and for monoamine oxidase (MAO). The basal levels of MAO, COMT, dopamine beta-hydroxylase (DBH) and serotonin (5-HT) did not show correlations to the presence of pre-psychotic or psychotic symptoms.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole in the treatment of otitis media caused by ampicillin-resistant strains of Haemophilus influenzae.

Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMZ) was successful treatment for 93% of cases of acute otitis media caused by ampicillin-resistant Haemophilus influenzae studied. All 15 children in this study had symptoms of otitis media that were unrelieved by a course of ampicillin therapy, but 14 of them responded promptly to a 10-day course of TMP-SMZ. Potentially invasive type b strains of H. influenzae were isolated in cultures of the middle ear exudate of three children, all of whom responded well to TMP-SMZ therapy. The middle ear isolates of H. influenzae were sensitive in vitro to TMP-SMZ. It is concluded that TMP-SMZ is effective and convenient for the treatment of otitis media caused by ampicillin-resistant H. influenzae.

Ampicillin↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Modest effects of exercise training alone on coronary risk factors and body composition in coronary patients.

BACKGROUND: Cardiac rehabilitation programs have evolved to become secondary prevention centers. However, the independent effect of exercise alone on coronary risk factors and body composition in patients with coronary artery disease has not been well studied. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to determine the effect of exercise training alone, without modification of dietary intake, on coronary risk factors and body composition in a coronary population. METHODS: The authors studied 82 coronary patients (23 females and 59 males) aged 61.2 +/- 12.2 years (mean +/- SD) before and after a 3-month exercise training program. Outcome variables included serum lipid values, glucose, insulin, body composition, body fat distribution, macronutrient intake, and peak aerobic capacity. RESULTS: Neither male nor female patients experienced a significant overall improvement in plasma cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol, triglycerides, glucose, or insulin levels after the 3-month exercise training program. Dietary macronutrient intake was unaltered during the study period. Peak aerobic capacity increased by 3.4 +/- 4.7 ml/kg/min (17%, P < 0.0001) and high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol increased from 38 +/- 10 to 41 +/- 11 mg/dL (8%, P < 0.001) after the rehabilitation program. Patients with baseline triglyceride levels over 200 mg/dL experienced a 22% decrease (from 374 +/- 205 to 293 +/- 190 mg/dL; P < 0.05) after conditioning. Patients with baseline HDL-cholesterol levels under 35 mg/dL also improved overall by 17% (from 29 +/- 3 to 34 +/- 5 mg/dL; P < 0.0001). Exercise-induced changes in plasma HDL-cholesterol were more related to changes in body composition and/or body fat distribution, rather than changes in peak aerobic capacity. CONCLUSION: Exercise conditioning alone resulted in relatively modest risk factor improvements in coronary patients after 3 months. High-density lipoprotein cholesterol measures increased by 3 +/- 8 mg/dL (8%). Patients with baseline triglyceride elevations experienced a 22% decrease. On the other hand, there were no overall effects on body weight, total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, triglycerides, glucose, or insulin levels. For most patients, exercise effects were minimal and nutritional and medical therapy will need to be used more aggressively to attain nationally recognized risk factor goals.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The invaluable team member.

This article was written specifically to encourage hospitals that are initiating total quality management to include physicians at the beginning stages of the process. Including physicians from the outset can benefit the entire organization. Physicians, by the nature of their profession, have an important role in the quality of the patient care process.

Endoscopy, Gastrointestinal↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Association between Malassezia furfur colonization and seborrhoeic dermatitis in AIDS patients.

A total of 180 HIV-positive patients were assessed for seborrhoeic dermatitis (SD) and colonization with Malassezia species. Diseased skin of patients with seborrhoeic dermatitis were sampled selectively for Malassezia. In patients without SD, uninvolved skin was sampled. The prevalence of SD was 19%. Of the 34 SD patients, 16 were positive for Malassezia. Of the 146 patients without SD, only 27 were culture positive for Malassezia. Analysis of the largest HIV-positive patient population studied thus far yielded only a weak correlation between SD and Malassezia colonization.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole in the treatment of otitis media secondary to ampicillin-resistant strains of Haemophilus influenzae.

Between August 1977 and January 1979, 16 children (7 males and 9 females) ranging in age from 5 to 38 months (mean age 18 months) were treated with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX) (40 mg/kg SMX per 24 hours) for otitis media caused by beta-lactamase strains of ampicillin-resistant Haemophilus influenzae. Fourteen patients had failed after antecedent ten-day courses of ampicillin (9 patients) or amoxicillin (5 patients) therapy. The remaining two patients received only five days of ampicillin before changing to TMP-SMX. Six of the isolates were nontypable, 3 were type B, 5 isolates were Haemophilus parainfluenzae, and 2 strains were unavailable for typing. Of 13 strains tested, 10 had a minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) in excess of 3.12 microgram/ml of ampicillin; the remaining 3 had an MIC of < 3.12 microgram/ml. All 13 isolates were susceptible to 0.19 microgram/ml TMP-SMX. Five of 16 children were symptomatic (irritable; fever of > 38.2 C); within three days of starting TMP-SMX treatment, they became asymptomatic. Fifteen of 16 patients (93%) responded favorably after ten days of TMP-SMX. Only one patient had H influenzae resistant to ampicillin (12.5 microgram/ml) and sensitive to TMP-SMX (0.19 microgram/ml) isolated from the middle ear at the end of ten days of TMP-SMX. At the end of TMP-SMX therapy, middle ear effusions were noted in ten patients; the fluid was sterile in the four patients who had a second tympanocentesis. There were two recurrences within one month of TMP-SMX therapy. No adverse clinical reactions were noted.

Ampicillin↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Rationalizing the purchase and use of gloves in health care.

The last two decades have seen a substantial increase in the use of protective gloves in healthcare establishments. This is attributed to the widespread publicity regarding the risks of transmission of human immunodeficiency virus and hepatitis B and C from blood and body fluid contact. Further, directives from official agencies stressing the need to protect staff from blood-borne viruses in the workplace led to the introduction of a variety of disposable gloves, each claiming total or adequate protective ability. The resulting sensitization to latex in some users has caused concern. This article reports on the process used within one NHS trust to explore glove use and determine the level of latex sensitization among staff. The audit identified an irrational approach to glove purchasing as well as inappropriate use of different types of gloves. The audit was followed by a trial aimed at rationalizing both the purchase and use of gloves.

Cross Infection↗