Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to S Robertson.
A case is reported of squamous carcinoma of the peri-anal region arising in a giant condyloma. In situ DNA hybridization showed human papillomavirus (HPV) types 6 and 11. These HPV types are commonly demonstrated in ano-genital condylomas but have not previously been reported in association with malignant change at this site.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Non-traumatic atlantoaxial subluxation in an adult due to retropharyngeal abscess has been only sporadically reported. This article presents such a case treated non-surgically, with discussion of clinical presentation, diagnosis, pathogenesis, and treatment. The differential diagnosis of non-traumatic atlantoaxial subluxation is presented for review.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Mineral transport to bone is dependent on an adequate blood supply. Thus, the role of vasoactive agents merits orthopaedic interest. This paper outlines the morphology of osteons and capillaries in cortical bone and discusses the possible morphological effects of systemic phenylephrine on mice tibiae. The frequency of dilated capillaries on histological serial sections did not significantly change. Hence, a postcapillary mechanism is likely to explain previous EM findings: i.e., an adrenaline-induced increase of the lumen diameter and perivascular cell edema.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
The Christchurch Hospital blood bank has assessed commercial kits designed to test blood donations for the presence of antibody to the retrovirus responsible for acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). Twenty of 1002 blood donations have been found to be repeatably, positive by one or more of these commercial kits. None was positive by the Western blot technique. Certain patient groups were found to have an elevated number of false positive reactions. Extreme caution is advised when interpreting screening test kit results from donor populations at low risk of AIDS.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
This paper presents the results of adding the antibiotic cefuroxime to CMW bone cement in a group of patients undergoing total hip or knee replacement, in which the levels of cefuroxime were assayed in the blood, wound drainage fluid, urine and surplus bone cement. It was found that very small amounts of cefuroxime, less than 5%, were recovered in the urine, serum and drainage fluid in the first week following operation, and since it is known that cefuroxime is not metabolised or excreted elsewhere in the body, it must follow that approximately 95% remains in the bone cement as a potential source of prophylaxis against infection.
To assess the rate of excretion of bilirubin in the stools and its effects on serum bilirubin concentrations, we studied 24 breast-fed and 13 bottle-fed infants during the first 3 days after birth. Bottle-fed infants passed significantly more stool (3-day totals, 82 vs 58 gm, P less than 0.001), excreted more bilirubin (3-day totals, 23.8 vs 15.7 mg, P less than 0.05), and had lower serum bilirubin values (day 3, 6.8 vs 9.5 mg/dl, P less than 0.02). Among the breast-fed infants, greater stool output was associated with greater fecal bilirubin excretion (r = 0.56, P less than 0.05) and lower serum bilirubin concentrations (r = 0.66, P less than 0.001). Our data suggest that hyperbilirubinemia in breast-fed infants may be related to a delay in bilirubin clearance resulting from low stool output.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Fifty-nine patients with hyperprolactinaemia and presumed, or histologically proven, pituitary tumours were identified within a seven-year period. The wide variety of clinical presentation, the natural history, and the problems associated with therapy are highlighted in several selected case presentations which include both patients with invasive tumours and those with no radiological abnormalities and minimal symptoms. The special considerations involved in a planned pregnancy in a patient with hyperprolactinaemia are emphasized.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
The genomic region containing the mouse immunoglobulin gamma 3 heavy chain membrane (M) exons has been located and sequenced. The exon structure is highly similar to that of the other mouse gamma chains, with strong sequence conservation in the coding regions and the intron 5' to the M1 exon. The intron between M1 and M2 shows moderate sequence homology but very strong conservation of size. RNA blots suggest that gamma 3 membrane exon usage is similar to that seen in other immunoglobulin membrane heavy chain mRNAs. The transmembrane region contains the invariant residues which have been noted in all other heavy chain sequences and which were previously proposed to be interactive in a two-chain model for insertion through the lymphocyte membrane. Conserved residues with similar spacing have been seen in class II histocompatibility antigens, which are also two-chain transmembrane molecules, but not in class I antigens, which span cell membranes with a single chain.
To investigate the effects of frequency and duration of breast-feeding on infants' milk intake and weight gain, two groups of mother-infant pairs were studied during the first month after delivery. Mothers in the control group (n = 24) nursed their infants on a 3- to 4-hour schedule. Those in the experimental group (n = 20) were encouraged to nurse frequently. During the first 14 postpartum days, all mothers recorded the length and time of each breast-feeding. On the 15th and on the 35th postpartum day, milk intake per feeding for 24 hours and infant weight gain from birth were measured. During the first 2 weeks after delivery, mothers in the experimental group nursed more frequently (9.9 v 7.3 feedings per 24 hours; P less than .0001). On day 15, their infants took more milk (725 v 502 mL/24 h; P less than .0002), and had gained more weight from birth (561 v 347 g; P less than .02). On day 35, although mothers in the experimental group were still nursing more frequently (9.8 v 6.8 feedings per 24 hours; P less than .01), milk intake and weight gain from birth were not significantly different.
To provide normative data for healthy full term infants in the United States when the mothers were encouraged to feed as often and as long as the infants wished, 46 mother-infant pairs were studied in the first month after delivery. Mothers recorded the length and time of each breast-feeding for the first 14 days postpartum, and weighed the infant before and after each feeding during a 24-48 h period at 1 month. The mean frequency of feeding during the first 2 weeks of life was 9.8 +/- 2.5 feeds/24 h and the mean duration of feeding was 162 +/- 50 min/24 h. Infants heavier at birth demanded significantly more feedings and nursed longer during the first 14 days of life. At one month the infants were nursing an average of 7.2 +/- 1.3 times/24 h and the mean duration of feeds was 158 +/- 63 min/24 h. Although the frequency of feeding during the first 14 days postpartum was significantly higher than at 1 month, the total duration of feeding in 24 h was similar. Daily milk intakes at 1 month ranged from 395 to 1011 ml (mean 681 +/- 136 ml) and were not significantly correlated with either the frequency or duration of feedings.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.