OBJECTIVE: To evaluate tocolytic efficacy of transdermal glyceryl trinitrate (GTN) in comparison to fenoterol per infusionem in a prospective randomized multicenter study. PATIENTS AND METHODS: 50 pregnant women between 27 and 35 weeks of gestation with preterm labour were treated with either GTN patches (0.4-0.8 mg/h) or fenoterol per infusionem (60-120 micrograms/h) up to stop of contractions or 35 weeks in maximum. The primary outcomes were the prolongation of gestation by 48 h, 7 days or up to 37 weeks of gestation as well as the neonatal outcome. The progression of cervical ripening and maternal side effects during tocolysis were assessed as secondary outcome criteria. RESULTS: There was no difference in successful tocolysis for 48 h and 7 days in both groups, whereas significantly more women passed 37 weeks after GTN therapy. So mean duration of pregnancy, birth weight and height were greater, whereas transfer into neonatal care unit was significantly rare after GTN. There were no differences in neonatal outcome and progression of cervical ripening during tocolysis. Maternal side effects during GTN were fewer and weaker compared with fenoterol. Circa 70% of GTN treated women had a headache temporary, whereas more than 90% of the patients with fenoterol suffered from tachycardia and tremor. CONCLUSIONS: Tocolytic efficacy of transdermal GTN was at least equivalent to the established beta-mimetic therapy with fenoterol. Because of the lower preterm delivery rate transfer into neonatal care for control was significantly rarer after GTN with equally good neonatal outcome in both groups. Beside the headache transdermal GTN therapy had lower maternal side effects in comparison to fenoterol.

Administration, Cutaneous↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Novel propargylamine-linked nucleosides for high throughput SNP genotyping by MALDI-TOF MS.

The synthesis of positively charged and mass tagged nucleosides containing a quaternary ammonium functionality within the penultimate position of a primer is described. Neutralization of the sugar/thiophosphate backbone by alkylation increases the detection sensitivity in the mass spectrometric analysis by a factor of at least 100. The variable introduction of these novel compounds within the extension primers enables flexible design of multiplex genotyping reactions.

DNA↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Genosnip: SNP genotyping by MALDI-TOF MS using photocleavable oligonucleotides.

A photocleavable o-nitrobenzyl CE phosphoramidite building-block was synthesised and incorporated within oligonucleotides. After allele-specific primer extension, desalting was performed using genostrep purification plates. Release of the SNP information containing part through photocleavage created shortened molecules that are easily accessible for MALDI-TOF analysis. Additionally, incorporation of mass modified nucleosides enables flexible design of multiplex genotyping.

Factor V↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Effects of chemically defined structured lipid emulsions on reticuloendothelial system function and morphology of liver and lung in a continuous low-dose endotoxin rat model.

BACKGROUND: This study was undertaken to determine the effect of chemically defined structured lipids on nonspecific host defense and on histologic patterns of liver and lungs compared with a physical mixture of long-chain triglycerides and medium-chain triglycerides in a continuous low-dose endotoxin rat model. METHODS: Forty male Sprague-Dawley rats, divided into four feeding groups (structured lipids, structured lipids+endotoxin, physical mixture, physical mixture+endotoxin), received total parenteral nutrition for 48 hours. During the first part of the study, 24 animals were given an injection of live Escherichia coli labeled with radioactive iron (59Fe) to investigate the function of the reticuloendothelial system. During the second part of the study, the liver and lungs of 16 animals were histologically examined using light and electron microscopy. RESULTS: Despite the similar values in the control groups, the animals receiving structured lipids+endotoxin sequestered a significantly greater percentage of bacteria in the liver and spleen (p < or = .01) and a significantly lesser percentage in the lung (p < or = .05) compared with the animals given physical mixture+endotoxin as part of their diet. Moreover, rats in the physical mixture+endotoxin group showed a microscopically evaluated higher fatty infiltration in the liver than did the structured lipids+endotoxin group. CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study indicate that chemically defined structured lipids reduce fatty infiltration of the liver compared with a physical mixture of the same compounds in an animal model of metabolic stress. They were accompanied by a better function of the reticuloendothelial system and a lesser bacterial sequestration in the lungs.

Animals↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Placement and replacement of restorations in general dental practice in Iceland.

Ninety-one Icelandic practicing dentists (51% response rate) provided information related to the reasons for placement and replacement of 8,395 restorations and 741 sealants in 5,997 patients. Information included the patient's gender and age, the clinician's gender and experience in years since graduation, the defined criteria for replacement of restorations, the estimated past use of material in five-year increments and the records of 100 consecutively placed restorations. The materials used include composite (52.7%), amalgam (29.2%), glass ionomer (9.5%), resin-modified glass ionomer (7.1%) and other materials (1.4%). Although material selection was independent of the clinician's gender, female patients received more composite and fewer amalgam restorations than their male counterparts. Reasons for placing restorations comprised replacement of failed restorations (47.2%), primary caries (45.3%) and non-carious defects (7.5%). Secondary caries was the main reason for replacement for all types of restorations. Chi square analysis related to the dependence between the reasons for replacement and clinician's experience showed that more experienced clinicians recorded a lower frequency of secondary caries than less experienced ones (p<0.0001), while the diagnoses of discoloration and fracture of restorations increased with the clinicians' experience (p<0.0001).

Adolescent↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[The stability of urea solutions under conditions of sterilization for the destruction of pyrogenic contaminants].

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Chromatography, Thin Layer↗