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Biomedical subjects

S Renwick

Publications and source records attributed to S Renwick.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1997

Risk analysis and international trade principles applied to the importation into Canada of caprine embryos from South Africa.

Between November 1994 and February 1995 over nine thousand Boer goat embryos were imported into Canada from the Republic of South Africa. This substantial international movement of animal genetics via embryos was achieved through the application of the risk analysis principles prescribed in Section 1.4. of the International Animal Health Code of the Office International des Epizooties (OIE). Integral to the development of the health certification procedures was the application of the fundamental principles of non-discrimination, harmonisation, equivalence and transparency defined in the World Trade Organisation Agreement on Sanitary and Phytosanitary measures. Risk mitigation interventions were founded upon full consideration of the potential for disease transmission by animal embryos as espoused by the International Embryo Transfer Society and the relevant standards contained in Appendix 4.2.3.3. of the OIE International Animal Health Code. All the embryos imported into Canada were implanted into synchronised recipients on arrival. Twenty months later there has been no evidence of disease in either the recipient animals or the resulting animals born in Canada.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

Neutralizing antibodies to Escherichia coli Vero cytotoxin 1 and antibodies to O157 lipopolysaccharide in healthy farm family members and urban residents.

An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to detect antibodies to Escherichia coli O157 lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was developed with sera from 63 children with confirmed recent E. coli O157 infection and from 256 age-stratified urban controls. The median ELISA values for control and case sera were 0.05 (interquartile range, 0 to 0.20; mean +/- standard deviation [SD], 0.15 +/- 0.22) and 1.41 (interquartile range, 1.11 to 1.59; mean +/- SD, 1.41 +/- 0.53), respectively (P < 0.001). With a breakpoint of 0.59 (mean ELISA value of the control sera + 2 SDs), the assay had a sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values of 95, 94, 80, and 98%, respectively, for recent E. coli O157 infection. The O157 LPS assay and Vero cytotoxin (VT) 1-neutralizing-antibody (NAb) assay were used to compare the relative frequencies of O157 LPS antibodies and VT1-NAbs in an age-stratified urban population from Toronto, Ontario, Canada, and in 216 healthy family members from dairy farm in southern Ontario. The frequency of O157 LPS antibodies was about threefold higher in dairy farm residents (12.5%) than in urban residents (4.7%) (P < 0.01). Similarly, the frequency of VT1-NAbs was about sixfold higher in dairy farm residents (42.0%) than in urban residents (7.7%) (P < 0.001). These findings are consistent with a greater level of exposure of dairy farm residents to VT-producing E. coli (VTEC) strains. The high rate of seropositivity to VT1 in farm residents probably reflects the booster effect of repeated VTEC exposures and argues against a sustained generalized immunosuppressive effect of VT1. Seroepidemiological studies may help in assessing the level of exposure of different populations to VTEC strains.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

Adenosine triphosphate bioluminescence as a method to determine microbial levels in scald and chill tanks at a poultry abattoir.

According to Hazard Analysis of Critical Control Points (HACCP) programs developed for the poultry industry, poultry processing waters should be actively monitored to minimize cross-contamination between chicken carcasses. In order to monitor HACCP programs, a test is required that provides results on a real time basis. A modified adenosine triphosphate (ATP) bioluminescence test has been developed that can assess microbial levels in poultry processing waters within 15 min. A study was conducted to determine the effectiveness of this test for examining scald, prechill, and chill tank waters. The results showed that the modified ATP bioluminescence method gave results comparable to plate counts. The microbial levels were dependent on the tank and the time of sampling. The highest microbial levels were detected in the scald tank. In all three tanks, the microbial levels increased over time during the day.

Abattoirs↗
PubMed1991

The relationship between social skills deficits and juvenile delinquency.

Although social skills training is now a common form of intervention with young offenders, there is limited evidence that social skills deficits are directly related to delinquency. We examined the relationship between social skills and degree of past involvement in delinquent activities among a group (N = 37) of young offenders. Social skills were assessed both by self-report and by a behavioural test. The results indicate no relationship between social skills deficits, as assessed by either method, and degree of delinquent behaviour. Delinquency and social skills also exhibited quite different patterns of relationship with measures of personality, lending further support to the conclusion that social skills deficits as currently construed are not causally related to delinquency.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Moral reasoning and delinquent behaviour among students.

In a sample of students, relationships between delinquency and moral reasoning scores--on Rest's (1975) DIT--were consistent with the view that these scores reflect political orientation rather than developmental differences. More serious delinquency was positively correlated with principled reasoning for females (P less than 0.05), and negatively with Stage 4 reasoning for males (P less than 0.02).

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Surgical training in France.

The French medical student does a six-year course before entering a compulsory "intern" year at the end of which he presents a thesis plus the results of all his University examinations for his medical degree. To become a surgeon he would spend four years as an "intern" in surgical posts then become a "Chef-de-Clinique" for two to four years before being accredited as a specialist. The differences and similarities of their system and ours fours years before being accredited as a specialist. The differences and similarities of their system and ours are highlighted.

Academies and Institutes↗
PubMed1979

Anticancer centres in France.

The system of anticancer centres in France is described, with a more detailed description of the largest of these, the Institute Gustave Roussy at Villejuif. The anticancer centres between them see and treat 20% to 25% of the cancer patients in France, control over 4,000 inpatients beds, and see over 75,000 new outpatients annually. The centres are staffed by a full-time multidisciplinary team, divided into "communittees" which deal with each individual type of malignancy. The committees have full secretarial and research staffs and regularly evaluate their progress at symposia. They provide a standard of excellence for the oncological services in France.

Cancer Care Facilities↗
PubMed1979

The treatment of breast cancer in a French anticancer centre.

The complete protocol for the treatment of breast cancer at the Institute Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France, is presented. Treatment is carried out by a multidisciplinary committee dealing with nearly one thousand new breast cancers annually. The protocol is based on initial classification by the T.N.M. system and by characteristics indicating "aggressive biological behaviour". Patients are separated into three broad groups for which the mainstays of treatment are surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy. The rationale and results of the protocol are presented.

Breast Neoplasms↗
PubMed1972

Rheumatic fever and rheumatic heart disease in Barbados: detection and prophylaxis.

The objectives of this study were to improve our methods of secondary prophylaxis of rheumatic fever and rheumatic heart disease in Barbados, to estimate the overall prevalence of these diseases and the relative load imposed by them on available health services, and to measure the yield, feasibility, and effectiveness of mass programmes for the detection and prophylactic management of rheumatic heart disease in schoolchildren.Improved methods of surveillance and follow-up resulted in 97% adherence to therapy by patients on prophylactic penicillin. Thirty-four children, 27 with a first attack, were admitted with acute rheumatic fever, representing a 7% occupancy of children's medical beds during the 12-month period of the study. Out of a possible 3,942 schoolchildren aged 5-11 years, 3,882 (98%) were screened for rheumatic heart disease. Four cases (about 1 per 1,000) were discovered.

Acute Disease↗