Significance of bone marrow sideroblastosis in myelodysplastic syndromes.
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Bone Marrow↗
Biomedical subjects
S Raptis
Publications and source records attributed to S Raptis.
Association of neutrophil alkaline phosphatase activity and glycosylated haemoglobin in diabetes mellitus.
We determined neutrophil alkaline phosphatase (NAP) activity in diabetic patients in conjunction with HbA1c levels. NAP was estimated using semiquantitative cytochemical technique, and we studied its activity in different groups of diabetic patients. We found that NAP score is correlated with the HbA1c level. Non-diabetic patients were used as controls, in whom NAP score and HbA1c were found normal. In diabetic patients the NAP activity and the HbA1c level were altered similarly during the various phases of the disease. Our findings indicate that NAP score could be used as a simple new parameter for diabetes. The pathophysiologic mechanism of our observations needs further investigation.
Alkaline Phosphatase↗
Duodenogastric reflux before and after surgical or medical therapy for duodenal ulcer.
Duodenogastric reflux was studied in 48 duodenal ulcer patients before and after medical (n = 8) or surgical therapy with either combined truncal vagotomy and gastrojejunostomy (n = 13) or pyloroplasty (n = 12), Polya partial gastrectomy (n = 8), or highly selective vagotomy (n = 7). Seven healthy subjects served as controls. The reflux was assessed both by using 99mTc diethyliminodiacetic acid (HIDA) scintigraphy and by measuring intragastric bile acid levels following endoscopic gastric juice aspiration. Before therapy, duodenal ulcer patients had significantly higher intragastric bile acid concentrations than did normal subjects (p less than 0.001). After truncal vagotomy and drainage, or partial gastrectomy, bile acid levels increased significantly, whereas they remained unchanged after medical therapy. Conversely, they were found to be significantly decreased after highly selective vagotomy. The results of HIDA scan measurements were compatible with those of gastric juice bile acids. We conclude that surgical treatment for duodenal ulcer by highly selective vagotomy is the only form of therapy, among the types considered, that leads to a reduction in duodenogastric reflux. It is of interest that medical therapy of the duodenal ulcer does not improve abnormal duodenogastric reflux, possibly contributing to both the failure of the medical treatment and recurrence of the ulcer.
Bile Acids and Salts↗
Recovery from insulin-induced hypoglycemia after saccharose or glucose administration.
This study compared the effects of saccharose and glucose on the recovery from insulin hypoglycemia. 17 normal volunteers (12 men, 5 women, 25-40 years old) received the same dose (0.1 IU i.v.) of semisynthetic rapid-acting human insulin on two different days after an overnight fast. Blood glucose and C peptide were measured in venous blood samples before as well as at regular time intervals after insulin administration. 30 min after the injection, 20 g saccharose or 20 g glucose p.o. (diluted in water) were given. The mean glucose values were at most time intervals higher after glucose than after saccharose administration. In addition, glucose ingestion resulted in an earlier and steeper blood glucose rise (mean recovery rates during the first 5 min 3.10 and 1.38 mg/dl/min for glucose and saccharose, respectively). The C peptide values decreased progressively and did not achieve baseline levels even at 120 min in spite of blood sugar normalization. It is concluded that glucose acts faster than saccharose in insulin-induced hypoglycemia. Exogenous insulin results in a prolonged depression of C peptide which lasts longer than the hypoglycemic effect.
Adult↗
Invasive balantidiasis presented as chronic colitis and lung involvement.
A unique case of chronic balantidiasis is described, presenting with chronic colitis and inflammatory polyposis of the rectum and sigmoid colon and an intrapulmonary mass. Histology of the colonic polyps showed Balantidium coli, and both Aspergillus and Balantidium coli were found in the aspirate of the pulmonary mass. The patient was treated with doxycycline HCl 100 mg/day for 10 days with complete clinical recovery and marked improvement of the endoscopic appearance of the colonic mucosa.
Aged↗
Effect of isoniazid, a haem inhibitor, on globin chain synthesis in reticulocytes from non-thalassaemic and beta thalassaemic subjects.
The effect of isonicotinic acid hydrazide (INH), a potent haem inhibitor, on globin chain synthesis was studied in reticulocytes from the following groups of patients: four non-thalassaemic patients (group i); five beta thalassaemia heterozygotes (group ii); three Hb S/beta thalassaemia heterozygotes (group iii); and two additional patients--one with homozygous beta thalassaemia and the other with thalassaemia intermedia (group iv). This was done to determine whether haem inhibitors depress alpha globin chain synthesis. The progressive increase of INH concentration (10-40 mmol l-1) in reticulocytes from a beta thalassaemia heterozygote resulted in a remarkable decrease of the alpha and beta chain synthesis, ranging from 80% to 97% and from 74% to 96% of control values, respectively, and in a gradual drop of alpha:beta ratio from 1.87 to 1.38. Furthermore, in the samples incubated with 40 mmol l-1 INH, a pronounced inhibition of globin chain synthesis 77 (19%) for alpha chain and 67 (27%) for beta or beta S chain) and a substantial drop of the alpha:beta or beta S ratio in samples with INH (median 1.16) compared with that in samples without INH (median 1.70) were observed. The inhibitory effect of INH was significantly or completely corrected by adding exogenous haem. It is suggested that haem inhibition and the resulting preferential diminution of alpha chain synthesis could provide a new approach to the treatment of homozygous beta thalassaemia with an excess of detrimental free alpha chain in erythroid cells.
Adult↗
Atypical location of extramedullary hematopoietic masses in thalassemia.
A case of beta-thalassemia with multiple foci of extramedullary hematopoiesis (EH) is reported. EH masses were demonstrated in the presacral and the costovertebral space. EH foci were also encountered in the spleen.
Adult↗
Cytogenetic study of rectosigmoidal adenocarcinomas.
Ten cases of primary rectosigmoidal adenocarcinoma were cytogenetically studied by G-banding technique using direct tumor cell preparations. All cases exhibited both numerical and structural chromosomal aberrations. Chromosomes commonly involved were, according to frequency, #3 and #8 (eight cases each), #1 (seven cases), #6 (six cases), and #7 (five cases). Similar or identical marker chromosomes were frequently identified, and it is noteworthy that i(8q) was found in five out of ten cases studied. The possible specificity of chromosome 8q in rectosigmoidal adenocarcinomas is discussed.
Adenocarcinoma↗
Plasma lipid and lipoprotein response to carbohydrate feeding in cirrhotic patients.
Serum lipids and lipoproteins, and glucose and insulin, were measured after an overnight fast, and during 3 days of a eucaloric diet rich in carbohydrate, in 15 patients with cirrhosis and seven normal subjects. Following the high-carbohydrate diet triglyceride rose in all groups but the increase in cirrhotics was lower than in normals. In normals and in cirrhotics with good liver function most of the triglyceride increment was carried in VLDL; in cirrhotics with poor liver function only 31% of the increment was found in VLDL, and 56% in triglyceride-rich LDL. In an earlier study on fat feeding, our cirrhotic patients with poor liver function had an impaired chylomicron and VLDL response; they also carried most of the triglyceride increment in triglyceride-rich LDL. The markedly impaired response of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins to both carbohydrate and fat feeding suggests that sick cirrhotics may have a problem with storage of dietary energy and that this contributes to loss of their adipose tissue.
Adult↗
Effects of prolonged administration of two new alpha-glucosidase inhibitors on blood glucose control, insulin requirements and breath hydrogen excretion in patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.
Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors delay carbohydrate absorption. In order to study the effects of two new alpha-glucosidase inhibitors with long (BAYo1248) and short (BAYm1099) duration of action on glycaemic control, seventeen insulin-dependent diabetics were connected to the Biostator for 24 h and postprandial hyperglycaemia, insulin requirements and breath H2 concentrations were assessed under three conditions: (a) before administration of any alpha-glucosidase inhibitor (control experiments), (b) after administration of BAYo1248 (40 mg before breakfast, nine patients) or BAYm1099 (100 mg before breakfast and dinner, eight patients) for 1 month, (c) after 1-month administration of placebo (double-blind crossover study). All patients were on standard diets (30 kcal kg-1, 45% carbohydrate, 35% fat, 20% protein). BAYo1248 reduced postprandial hyperglycaemia and insulin requirements (vs. values in control and placebo experiments) after breakfast (124 +/- 8 vs. 159 +/- 8 and 158 +/- 8 mg dl-1, 16 +/- 2 vs. 24 +/- 4 and 23 +/- 3 units, P less than 0.01) and lunch (138 +/- 7 vs. 155 +/- 11 and 162 +/- 13 mg dl-1, 19 +/- 3 vs. 24 +/- 3 and 23 +/- 3 units, P less than 0.01) whereas BAYm1099 reduced postprandial hyperglycaemia and insulin requirements after breakfast (127 +/- 4 vs. 167 +/- 12 and 159 +/- 6 mg dl-1, 15 +/- 3 vs. 24 +/- 4 and 21 +/- 3 units, P less than 0.02) and dinner (128 +/- 4 vs. 169 +/- 7 and 157 +/- 10 mg dl-1, 19 +/- 2 vs. 28 +/- 3 and 25 +/- 2 units, P less than 0.01).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
1-Deoxynojirimycin↗
Alterations in serum gastrin levels and antral G- and D-cell population following extensive proximal small bowel resection (radioimmunoassay and immunocytochemical study in dogs).
Twelve dogs underwent an extensive proximal small bowel resection. Basal and postprandial serum gastrin levels increased significantly one and two months after the resection compared to the respective preoperative levels. The increase in serum gastrin levels two months after the resection was less prominent than the respective increase one month postoperatively. Antral G- and D-cell populations increased significantly two months after the resection compared to the respective populations before the resection. It is concluded that hypergastrinaemia following small bowel resection is due to the quantitative elimination of the inhibiting hormonal factors of gastric secretion and gastrin release. The adaptive increase of antral D-cell population could explain the temporary character of hypergastrinaemia.
Animals↗
Myelodysplastic syndromes: analysis of 131 cases according to the FAB classification.
The clinical and haematological findings in 131 patients with myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS), none of which had previously received chemotherapy or radiotherapy, classified according to the FAB criteria, were analysed. The distribution among the 5 subgroups was: RA 31 patients, RAS 19, RAEB 23, CMML 29 and RAEBT 29 patients. There were difficulties in the classification of 24 patients. These included, first, 8 cases with myeloid hyperplasia of the bone marrow (BM) but without monocytosis or excess of blasts of the BM. They were classified as RA. Second, 8 cases with sideroblastosis but with monocytosis or excess of blasts of the BM were classified 3 as RAEB, 2 as CMML and 3 as RAEBT. Finally, 8 cases with absolute monocytosis and BM blasts 15-30% were classified as CMML. 37 of 82 dead patients (45.1%) had transformed to acute non-lymphoblastic leukaemia (ANLL). The incidence of evolution to ANLL was low for RA and RAS (6.30% and 12.5% respectively), while it was 37.5% for RAEB, 57.1% for CMML and 77.2% for RAEBT. The median survival for each subgroup was: RA 18 months; RAS 25; RAEB 13; CMML 14 and RAEBT 10 months. It is concluded that the FAB classification with some modifications recognises group of MDS with different prognosis.
Acute Disease↗
[Oral antidiabetic agents including glucosidase inhibitors].
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Administration, Oral↗
Effects of two new alpha-glucosidase inhibitors on glycemic control in patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.
BAYo1248 and BAYm1099 are two new alpha-glucosidase inhibitors. Postprandial glucose tolerance was significantly improved and postprandial insulin requirements were significantly reduced as compared to placebo after breakfast and lunch when 20 mg BAYo1248 were administered prior to breakfast and after breakfast, lunch and dinner when 50 mg BAYm1099 were given prior to all three main meals. Postprandial breath H2 concentrations were mildly increased when these alpha-glucosidase inhibitors were given and no patient complained of any adverse effects (such as flatulence, abdominal pain or diarrhea). BAYo1248 and BAYm1099 might be useful adjuncts to insulin in the treatment of patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.
1-Deoxynojirimycin↗
Cytogenetic findings in a large bowel adenocarcinoma.
Cytogenetic analysis of a biopsy specimen taken during sigmoidoscopy from an adenocarcinoma of the large bowel revealed a hypodiploid karyotype with numerical and structural abnormalities identified as trisomy 7, t(3;12), t(1;17), interstitial deletion of the long arm of a chromosome #5 and loss of the Y chromosome with double X chromosomes. The possibility of this karyotype being a further evolutionary step in a subgroup of large bowel cancers and the clinical value of the above findings are discussed.
Adenocarcinoma↗
Absorption of iodized contrast media during ERCP.
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Cholangiopancreatography, Endoscopic Retrograde↗
Effects of prolonged (6 months) alpha-glucosidase inhibition on blood glucose control and insulin requirements in patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.
To examine prolonged alpha-glucosidase inhibition on blood glucose control, Acarbose, a potent alpha-glucosidase inhibitor, was administered for six months to insulin-dependent diabetic patients. Acarbose administration significantly diminished postprandial blood glucose increases by 20-30% and reduced insulin requirements by about 40% in these patients. Symptoms related to its use almost disappeared after the first month of treatment. These results suggest that prolonged alpha-glucosidase inhibition improves glucose tolerance in patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Thus, an agent like acarbose might be a useful adjunct to insulin in the treatment of diabetic patients.
Acarbose↗
Some parameters of haem synthesis in dialysed and non-dialysed uraemic patients.
Some parameters of haem synthesis were estimated in 60 uraemic patients (30 non-dialysed, 30 dialysed) and in 30 matched controls. Serum delta-aminolaevulinic acid and erythrocyte coproporphyrin and protoprophyrin were found significantly higher in the non-dialysed uraemics than in the controls. Erythrocyte delta-aminolaevulinic acid dehydrase (ALA-D) activity was 498 +/- 174 mumol/h.l in the non-dialysed patients, 321 +/- 146 in the dialysed (just before haemodialysis) and 833 +/- 281 in the healthy controls, the differences between these groups all being statistically significant (p less than 0.001). After haemodialysis the enzymic activity in the dialysed group increased significantly (380 +/- 167, p less than 0.001), but remained lower than normal (p less than 0.001). A similar pattern - although with less statistical significance of the differences between groups - was observed concerning erythrocyte uroporphyrinogen I synthase activity. Incubation of normal erythrocytes with uraemic plasma resulted in a considerable decrease of their ALA-D activity (from 830 +/- 263 to 616 +/- 126) while incubation of uraemic erythrocytes with normal plasma increased their ALA-D (from 384 +/- 139 to 494 +/- 77). Addition of zinc in the haemolysate caused a similar induction of ALA-D in both controls and uraemics. The zinc-induced uraemic ALA-D practically reached normal levels. The mechanism of enzymic depression and the possible role of elevated delta-aminolaevulinic acid concentrations (to which depressed ALA-D activity considerably contributes) in the pathogenesis of the neurologic manifestations of uraemia, are discussed.
Erythrocytes↗