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Biomedical subjects

S Rao

Publications and source records attributed to S Rao.

At least 487 records · Page 27Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

Myxopapillary ependymoma of the temporal lobe--report of a rare case of temporal lobe epilepsy.

Myxopapillary ependymomas are a benign variant of ependymomas, occurring almost exclusively in the cauda equina region. We report an extremely rare case of myxopapillary ependymoma located in the left anterior temporal lobe. A 22-year-old man is presented with intractable seizures of 2 years duration with no focal neurologic deficits. Imaging of the brain revealed a well-circumscribed heterogeneous mass in the left anterior temporal pole with no connection to the ventricles. Imaging of the spine was normal. The patient underwent surgical removal of the tumor and at follow-up 4 months after surgery, there was improvement in his memory and speech along with complete cessation of seizures. Microscopic examination revealed the tumor to be a myxopapillary ependymoma, further confirmed by histochemical and immunohistochemical stains. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first documentation of myxopapillary ependymoma at this location and consequently, the first case to clinically present as intractable temporal lobe epilepsy.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Clinical course after mitral valve replacement.

Two hundred and fifty patients underwent mitral valve replacement for rheumatic valvular disease during a 9-year period from January 1979 to December 1987. A maximum period of follow-up of 10 years and minimum of 1 year was achieved with a mean duration of 4.4 years. The follow-up covered 921 out of a possible 1006 patient-years and was 91.5 per cent complete. Of the patients, 58 (23.2%) were in class II, 145 (58%) were in class III and 47 (18.8%) belonged to class IV. The early mortality for patients in Class II, III and IV was 8.6 per cent, 15.8 per cent and 31.9 per cent respectively and the 3, 5 and 10 years actuarial survival rates for the entire group were 93 per cent, 87 per cent and 70 per cent. The event-free survival rates at the same intervals were 77 per cent, 63 per cent and 57 per cent respectively. Late deaths occurred in 18 (9.5%) of the patients. Twelve of these (66.6%) could be directly ascribed to a valve-related cause.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Some observations on skin smear examination.

40 slit and scrape smears in a planned study and 35 routine smears picked up from the laboratory were examined. An end-to-end examination of the smears detected additional positives and gave a higher bacterial index than what was reported in the routine. Acid-fast bacilli were found to be distributed in only 1 to 3 per cent of the fields in the smears. The bacilli were found mostly in the centre and in narrow bands between centre and periphery of the smears. Some of the high BI smears were found to contain areas completely free from bacilli.

Bacteriological Techniques↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Auramine staining in histopathology sections.

Auramine staining was done on 65 histopathological sections from different types of treated leprosy cases which were negative by Fite-Farraco stain. All the sections except one showed auramine positive organisms. The organisms were mostly coccoid except in BL/LL cases where beaded bacilli could be seen.

Aniline Compounds↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Phagocytosis of monocytes and platelets in a neutropenic infant with septicemia.

The case is described of a low birth weight infant who developed severe neutropenia, thrombocytopenia and monocytosis in the course of staphylococcal septicemia. Light microscopy examination of the blood revealed bacteria inside the monocytes. On electron microscopy, the monocytes were degranulated and distorted by the presence of large vacuoles containing bacteria. While most of the bacteria were intact, some showed capsular dissolution suggesting the effect of lysosomes. Rarely, the bacteria were also noted within the polymorphonuclear leukocytes and platelets. Based on the finding of electron microscopy in this case, the phagocytic function of the monocytes, neutrophils and possibly the platelets was intact. In view of the fatal outcome, despite the previous findings, it is suggested that granulocyte transfusion be considered in low birth weight infants with persistent sepsis.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Use of aspirin as the sole antiplatelet agent following prosthetic valve replacement in rheumatic heart disease.

Aspirin was administered as the sole antiplatelet agent in 147 patients following valve replacement, who were at low risk for thromboembolism. Of these, 67 underwent mitral valve replacement (MVR), 61 aortic valve replacement (AVR) and 19 combined aortic and mitral valve replacement (DVR). The mean follow up period was 6.63 years (range 1-14 years). The incidence of thromboembolic episodes (TEE) in patients following MVR, AVR, and DVR was 0.41, 0.80 and nil respectively. The TEE free survival at the first year follow-up was 98.4%, 99.3% and 100% in patients following MVR, AVR and DVR respectively. Fatal intracranial haemorrhage was not encountered. Valve thrombosis in this patient population was not seen. In conclusion, aspirin as the sole antiplatelet agent appears to be safe and effective following prosthetic valve replacement in selected patients. Further studies involving larger number of patients are necessary to confirm these results.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Effect of pre-operative skin preparation on post-operative wound infection.

A prospective randomised trial was carried out to compare the efficacy of method of scrubbing the operative site for ten minutes with an antiseptic (GpA; n = 68) with a simplified method where the antiseptic was merely painted onto the operation site (GpB; n = 67). The median age, sex distribution and the types of procedures done in each group were similar as was the antibiotic policy. There were a total of 11 patients who got infected, 6 in the group A and 5 in the group B. No significant difference could be demonstrated in the infection rates between the two groups. It is concluded that the old method of prolonged scrubbing the operation site can safely be omitted to a more simplified version.

Anti-Infective Agents, Local↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Cardiovascular responses to abdominal exercises in females between 35 and 45 years of age.

Cardiovascular responses viz. systolic and diastolic blood pressure and pulse rate were evaluated in 21 females following muscular exercises for abdominal wall strengthening. Trunk curl exercise and leg raising exercise were selected for this purpose. A significant increase in systolic and diastolic blood pressure and pulse rate was observed following these exercises. These raised values returned to pretreatment value 6 min later after supine lying. These changes indicate that the need for strict supervision during sessions, especially for the hypertensive patients.

Abdominal Muscles↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A case of aplasia cutis congenita in dizygotic twins.

We report a newborn infant with extensive aplasia cutis congenita of the flanks and thighs, associated with a co-twin fetus papyraceus. DNA restriction fragment polymorphism analysis of the twins proved dizygosity. The association of these two conditions in twins is reviewed.

Diseases in Twins↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Early onset cerebellar ataxia with retained tendon reflexes (EOCA): an electromyographic study.

This prospective study was undertaken to characterize better electrophysiologically the newly described clinical entity of "Early onset cerebellar ataxia with retained tendon reflexes (EOCA)" and compare it with Olivopontocerebellar atrophy (OPCA) and Friedreich's ataxia (FA). Concentric needle electromyography and motor (median, common peroneal and posterior tibial) and sensory (median, sural and posterior tibial) nerve conduction studies were carried out in 14 patients of EOCA. The results were compared with those of 10 and 16 patients of FA and OPCA respectively. All patients of EOCA had either motor or sensory conduction abnormalities, motor being slightly more frequent than sensory (87.7% versus 78.6%). The neuropathy was distal and symmetrical, lacked correlation with duration or clinical stage of the disease, even between patients of the same family. Electrophysiological studies helped to detect subclinical motor and sensory neuropathy in most of the patients. No characteristic electrophysiologic abnormalities separated patients of EOCA from those of OPCA or FA, though the overall incidence of abnormalities was higher in the latter two groups. It is concluded that subclinical peripheral neuropathy is often present in patients of EOCA. The impaired proprioceptive sensation noted among these patients may be due to large fiber neuropathy rather than posterior column involvement alone. A subgroup of them, who have severe sensory neuropathy, may be difficult to differentiate clinically from patients of FA. The clinical entity of EOCA is indistinguishable electrophysiologically from FA and OPCA.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Hepatitis B--potential of perinatal transmission in India.

To estimate the frequency of perinatal hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, 850 pregnant females were tested for HBsAg and HBeAg using RPHA kits. Frequency of HBsAg positivity was 4.6% by RPHA and 6.34% by micro-ELISA. HBeAg was detected in 18% of the HBsAg positive pregnant females. Presuming a perinatal HBV infection rate of 90% amongst infants born to HBsAg and HBeAg positive pregnant females and 17% amongst infant born to HBsAg positive but HBeAg negative mothers, we estimated that 1.17% to 1.64% infants out of 24 million births occurring annually in this country would be infected with HBV. In other words every year 2.8 to 3.9 lakh infants are being infected by HBV perinatally, 90% of whom will eventually develop chronic HBV infection. Urgent control measures are necessary to circumvent this problem.

Adult↗