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Biomedical subjects

S Rand

Publications and source records attributed to S Rand.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

Immunochemical demonstration of plasminogen phenotypes using electroblotting.

The polymorphism of plasminogen (PLG) was analysed by isoelectric focusing on polyacrylamide gels, followed by electroblotting. For analysis, neuraminidase-pretreated sera were used. In a random sample of 500 unrelated individuals from east Westphalia 8 phenotypes were observed. The allele frequencies were: PLG*1 (A), 0.708; PLG*2 (B), 0.274; PLG*3 (A3), 0.013; PLG*V, 0.005. The family data (300 mother-child pairs) confirmed the hypothesis of autosomal codominant inheritance. PLG phenotypes could be determined in 1-year-old bloodstains (cotton and glass) that had been stored at +4 degrees C and -20 degrees C. The PLG phenotypes could clearly be demonstrated in sera diluted 1:4. The phenotype 1 (A) could still be detected in dilutions of 1:6. The theoretical exclusion rate was calculated to be 22.6%.

Blood Stains↗
PubMed1990

[Forensic efficiency of some highly polymorphic single locus systems].

The single locus probes MS 1, MS 8, MS 31 and MS 43 were investigated in combination with the restriction enzyme HINF I. The frequency distribution of fragment sizes detected by the polymorphic probe MS 8 was plotted for individuals from the Münster area and compared with an English survey. Clear discrepancies were found. The heterozygosity for the four systems was calculated and compared to the English figures. Only MS 8 showed a significant difference.

Alleles↗
PubMed1990

[Applicability of the Jeffreys 33.15 and 33.6 multi-locus system].

A sample of 73 families which had been investigated by conventional paternity grouping was in addition subjected to DNA analysis using the multi locus systems 33.15 and 33.6. A comparison with the results of a conventional expert's opinion shows complete accordance. In cases showing exclusions in the conventional systems there were also exclusions by the multi locus systems and in cases without exclusions in the conventional systems no exclusions were found using multi locus probes. New mutations were not observed. In stain cases the resulting band patterns were often partially deficient. The problems in assigning such patterns with those observed in fresh samples are discussed.

Autoradiography↗
PubMed1989

[Immunochemical and chromatographic determination of ABH antigens in compact bone tissue].

The identification of ABH antigens from compact bone tissue is known from many sources. The purpose of this study was to make a contribution to the localization of blood-group-active substances in compact bone tissue. A variety of preparation and identification methods were successfully used and compared. Samples were extracted from compact bone tissue, separated by HPTLC, and examined using the absorption-elution and PAP techniques. Additionally, the PAP technique was carried out on cryostat sections. Serologically active blood-group substances were consistently demonstrated in the organic components of the haversian canals.

ABO Blood-Group System↗
PubMed1989

[Immunohistochemical antigen detection in dried tissue samples].

Investigations were carried out on dried tissue samples for the identification of ABH antigens and human hemoglobin using the indirect immunoperoxidase technique (PAP). Samples from various organs were stored at room temperature over a period of 1 year and periodically examined immunohistochemically. By means of a rehydration medium, blood group and species identification were successfully demonstrated in the complete experimental series.

ABO Blood-Group System↗
PubMed1989

ABO blood grouping of hairs using an avidin-biotin-peroxidase complex technique.

Fifty-nine hair specimens obtained from human autopsies and volunteers were used for the determination of ABO blood group substances using the ABC (Avidin-Biotin Complex) technique. Positive staining for A, B and H blood group substances was detected only in the medulla of the hairs. Blood group antigens could not be detected in seven hair specimens because they possessed no medulla. Forty-seven specimens obtained from fresh cadavers and volunteers gave the correct results corresponding to the blood group of the donor, but some specimens from individuals of blood group A2, Le(a + b-) showed weak reaction with anti-A and strong reaction with anti-H. The staining intensity with anti-B and -H in some individuals of blood group AB was stronger than with anti-A serum. Five hair specimens obtained from decomposed bodies were also examined. The blood group antigens could be specifically detected in hairs obtained from two exhumed and one putrid body, but no positive reactions were obtained from two cases of drowning where the bodies had been in the sea for about 6 months. In a blind trial, hair specimens from 28 individuals were also examined. Twenty-two specimens which possessed a medulla gave the correct result. Six specimens gave no result because they possessed no medulla.

ABO Blood-Group System↗
PubMed1989

Light-microscopic examination of ABH and Lewis antigens in human tracheal and epiglottic glands using the avidin-biotin-peroxidase complex technique.

The localization of ABH and Lewis antigens was examined in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded human tracheal and epiglottic glands using monoclonal anti A, B, H, Lea and Leb antibodies. The mucous cells of the glands showed reactivity with antibodies corresponding to the respective ABO blood groups of the tissue donors. The mucous cells from one blood group A, Le(a-b-) individual showed no reactivity with any antibodies and those from another blood group A, Le(a-b-) individual showed reactivity only with anti A antibody. In individuals from blood group Le(a + b-) of all ABO groups, the mucous cells reacted exclusively with anti Lea. In blood group O, Le(a-b+) individuals, the mucous cells showed intense reaction with anti H and Leb antibodies and weak to moderate reactivity with anti Lea. In Le(a-b+) individuals of A1, B and A1B blood groups, the mucous cells showed strong reactivity with anti A and/or B antibodies, moderate with anti Leb, weak or no activity with anti Lea and absent with anti H. In blood group A2 Le(a-b+) individuals, the mucous cells stained with anti A were weakly stained or completely unstained with anti H antibody, but cells negative with anti A gave strong positive reactions with anti H antibody.

ABO Blood-Group System↗
PubMed1989

[Detection of glycosphingolipids of ABH and Le antigens on thin-layer plates using the PAP method].

Stroma from hemolyzed erythrocytes of blood groups 0, A1, B and A1B were obtained and subjected to butanol/phosphate buffer extraction. This extract was separated using HPTLC, and the ABH and Le substances were detected on the chromatogram using the PAP technique. The staining of the bands allowed specific demonstration of the serologically active glycosphingolipids present in the ABH and Le blood group substances. The antigens of the AB0 system showed a 3- to 12-band pattern. Each of the antigens Lea and Leb presented 3 bands. The slight differences in the levels of glycosphingolipids of equal chain lengths are probably due to differences in their chemical structures.

ABO Blood-Group System↗
PubMed1989

[Analysis of erythrocytic carrier molecules (glycosphingolipids) with ABO and Le specificity].

Membrane structures (stroma) were obtained from erythrocytes of various ABO and Le blood groups using a butanol/phosphate buffer extraction. The extracts were separated using thin layer chromatography and the ABO and Le antigens demonstrated directly on the chromatogram using the PAP-technique. Detection was carried out using either Ulex europaeus lectin or monoclonal antibodies. By this method the direct staining of the bands allowed a specific demonstration of the ABH and Leactive glycosphingolipids. A determination of the number of sugar residues is possible as well as the recognition of quantitative variants.

ABO Blood-Group System↗
PubMed1989

[Evaluation of unusual band patterns in immunochemophoresis].

The occurrence of unusual band patterns in the protein systems Gc, F XIII B and PLG is described. During the routine investigation of these systems in paternity, identity and criminal cases, several examples of alterations or additions to the normal band patterns have been observed. This was particularly noticeable in post mortem samples, stored liquid blood samples and blood stains. A connection between alterations in the form due to charge changes and changes to the isoelectric point from ageing of blood samples is demonstrated.

Blood Protein Electrophoresis↗
PubMed1989

[Forensic use of polymorphism St 14.1].

The DNA-fragment (St 14.1) from the human X-chromosome recognizes a series of approximately 10 alleles after Taq I digestion. The presence of constant bands simplifies the assignment of the alleles to a definite Kb-size when small differences exist between the alleles. 348 individuals were investigated and included 120 mother/child combinations. The verification of the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium gave a value of 32 in the chi square test by 20 degrees of freedom and therefore a P-value of 95-97.5. The allele frequencies range from 1%-40% with an expected exclusion rate of 77.3% (for mother/daughter combinations).

Alleles↗
PubMed1987

A comparative study of immuno-blotting techniques for the detection of Gc-subtypes after isoelectric focusing on agarose and polyacrylamide gels.

A comparison of separation and detection techniques has been carried out to determine the most suitable combination for use in Gc-subtyping. The best results (i.e., high sensitivity, distinct bands, especially with reference to the 1S and 1F separation) were achieved using isoelectric focusing in polyacrylamide gel (pH 4.5-5.4) followed by transfer to nitrocellulose membrane by electroblotting and finally detection with enzyme-linked antibody complex.

Electrophoresis↗
PubMed1986

Cytochemical detection of ABH antigens in human body fluids.

The use of the peroxidase-anti-peroxidase (PAP) technique has been described previously for the detection of cellular antigens and in particular ABO antigens from tissue samples (Pedal and Hülle 1984; Pedal and Baedeker 1985; Pedal et al. 1985). In this survey, the PAP method has been employed to study the detection of ABO antigens in cells from body fluids of particular interest to forensic science, namely buccal cells and vaginal cells. Also tested, but in a limited number, were mixtures of body fluids and semen samples. No false reactions were obtained from buccal cells, all samples corresponding to the ABO blood type of the donor. Preliminary results from vaginal cells, vaginal/buccal cell mixtures, and semen were encouraging but must be treated with caution due to the limited number tested. Vaginal smears contaminated with semen showed varying degrees of nonspecificity.

ABO Blood-Group System↗
PubMed1985

[Characterization of microtraces of blood].

The stains produced from micro-blood-drops (blood volume 0.2 microliter) on different substrate materials were examined with respect to morphological characteristics. Micro-stains made on paper showed the same general pattern as larger (macro-)bloodstains on the same substrate. The use of shirt material as substrate, however, resulted in differences in the stain pattern, particularly a greater variation within otherwise identical series. In addition when the angle of the bloodstains was acute, a variable number of smaller stains became detached. In these cases definite criteria can still be found for a description of bloodstains and for estimating the approximate angle of impact.

Blood Stains↗