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Biomedical subjects

S Rana

Publications and source records attributed to S Rana.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

Congenital syphilis presenting as desquamative dermatitis.

During the last 5 years the incidence of congenital syphilis has increased several-fold and reached epidemic proportions. This increase is directly related to a similar increase in cases of primary and secondary syphilis in women and has been linked to the use of "crack" cocaine. Factors responsible for the increase in reported cases of congenital syphilis include poor prenatal care, implementation of new surveillance case definition, failure to perform serological tests, treatment failures with benzathine penicillin, and maternal reinfection. Clinical manifestation of congenital syphilis are multisystemic but are often absent at birth. We report a case of congenital syphilis missed at birth and later characterized by prominent desquamative dermatitis affecting most of the skin surface.

Dermatitis, Exfoliative↗
PubMed1991

Electrocardiographic changes during upper gastrointestinal endoscopy in ambient hypoxia.

Electrocardiographic (ECG) changes were studied in 120 consecutive subjects during and after upper GI endoscopy done in ambient hypoxia (PO2-120 mmHg) at Shimla (2200 m). No premedication was given to any of the subjects. There were 75 men and 44 women. Fifty three subjects were aged 40 years or below (Group I) and 67 subjects were above 40 (Group II). There were 29 subjects with and 91 subjects without cardiac diseases. Increase in heart rate was seen in 96.6% of subjects. Maximum rise in heart rate was found in cardiac patients. ST depression was seen in 14.2%, T wave inversion in 13.3%, supraventricular tachycardia in 5.8% and ventricular ectopics in 1.6%. ST depression was more frequent in cardiac than in non cardiac patients (P less than 0.001) and T wave inversion was more frequent in women than in men (P less than 0.001). All the changes reverted to normal within 10 minutes. ECG changes notwithstanding, upper GI endoscopy without premedication in the presence of ambient hypoxia is a safe procedure.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Biliary sludge.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Bile↗
PubMed1990

Heterotopic gastric and pancreatic tissue in large bowel.

Heterotopic gastric and pancreatic tissues rarely involves large bowel. We report the case of a 30-yr-old man who presented with lower gastrointestinal bleeding. The barium enema showed an ulcerated mass lesion at the splenic flexure. Colonoscopy revealed a polypoid ulcerated lesion at the splenic flexure. The resected specimen, on histological examination, showed a polypoid lesion lined by gastric mucosa. The base of the polyp also showed ectopic pancreatic tissue. The patient recovered completely after surgery.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Bedside ultrasonography. A low-cost definitive diagnostic procedure in obstructive jaundice.

We evaluated real-time ultrasonography carried out by gastroenterologists for its diagnostic accuracy in 89 patients with obstructive jaundice. The positive predictive values for the site and nature of the obstruction were 94.3 and 89.9%, respectively. The advanced stage of disease in our patients and the clinical background of the investigators may have contributed to the high diagnostic accuracy of ultrasonography in this study. Nevertheless, we recommend that gastroenterologists themselves perform bedside ultrasonography for a definitive diagnosis in patients with obstructive jaundice. The high degree of precision achieved by ultrasound in our setting makes more expensive investigations unnecessary as routine procedures.

Cholestasis, Extrahepatic↗
PubMed1986

Effect of protein calorie malnutrition on peripheral nerves. A clinical, electrophysiological and histopathological study.

Forty-three children (aged 7 to 62 months) with protein calorie malnutrition (PCM) were studied; 13 had mild to moderate PCM and 30 severe PCM. A reduction of motor nerve conduction velocity and abnormalities of sensory conduction were present in both groups. The abnormality of motor nerve conduction was directly related to the severity of PCM and the presence of hypotonia and/or hyporeflexia. Sural nerve biopsies from both groups were studied for myelinated fibre density, fibre size spectrum, relationship of internodal length with diameter and qualitative light microscopic changes. The biopsies from children with mild to moderate PCM were characterized by a normal developmental change in myelinated fibres with an increasing proportion of medium and large size fibres, a transition from a unimodal to a bimodal distribution and an appropriate relationship of internodal length to fibre diameter. Evidence of mild segmental demyelination was observed in only one patient of this group. In contrast, in the biopsies from children with severe PCM, the normal developmental pattern for myelinated fibre size distribution was impaired with a persistence of small myelinated fibres, and there was a failure of internodal segments on large fibres to elongate with increase in age and significant segmental demyelination in about 50 per cent of cases. Retarded myelination and segmental demyelination probably form the morphological basis for impaired peripheral nerve function in PCM. Short internodes on large diameter fibres may also contribute to this effect.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed1986

Iron status and liver function in healthy adults: a multiracial pilot study.

We tested 157 apparently healthy, urban adults (78 black, 40 nonblack, 39 race not designated), and found that 7.7% of the entire group had high plasma ferritin levels (6.4%) or transferrin saturation levels (1.3%). Overall, men had significantly higher mean plasma ferritin, serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase, and total serum bilirubin values than women. In this study 17.6% of black men had high plasma ferritin levels and another 11.8% had high transferrin saturation levels. Their mean serum iron and transferrin saturation levels were significantly higher than those of nonblack men. Black men had significantly higher mean serum iron, transferrin saturation, plasma ferritin, serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase, and total serum bilirubin levels than black women. The same tests were not significantly different when black and nonblack women were compared. Likely causes of the laboratory abnormalities are occult inflammation and occult liver disease, but a primary disorder of iron metabolism is also possible.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Guillain-Barré syndrome. A clinical electrophysiological and biochemical study.

Fifty-six consecutive patients with Guillain-Barré syndrome representing 49% of all cases of peripheral neuropathy (except those due to diabetes mellitus and leprosy) admitted to the Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh over a period of three years were studied. All patients developed weakness of limbs within one day to three weeks. Attenuation of deep tendon jerks (98%) paresthesia (66%), cranial nerve involvement (41%) and antecedent infection (32%) were the common clinical features. The common patterns of motor weakness were predominantly proximal in all the four limbs (45%) or predominantly proximal in lower limbs along with distal muscles in upper limbs (29%). Electrodiagnostic studies revealed prolonged distal (motor) latency (82%), reduced motor nerve conduction velocity (74%), sensory nerve conduction abnormality (85%) and evidence of denervation (41%). Evoked motor response of median, ulnar, common peroneal and tibial nerves exhibited significant increase in duration and reduction in amplitude. The maximum incidence of electrophysiological abnormality occurred between four to 12 weeks after the onset of neurological symptoms. Four patients died and 11 showed poor recovery. Long intervals (greater than 3 weeks) between peak deficit and onset of recovery and coexistence of reduced motor nerve conduction velocity with evidence of denervation on EMG were found to be associated with poor recovery.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

Prospective study of controlled oxygen therapy. Poor prognosis of patients with asynchronous breathing.

Thirty-two patients were evaluated within 24 hours of admission for 36 episodes of acute respiratory failure (arterial oxygen pressure less than or equal to 50 mm Hg). Clinical data, spirometric determinations, blood gas analysis, and synchronization of chest (rib cage) and abdominal (diaphragmatic) breathing movements were studied. All patients were initially treated with controlled oxygen therapy. In 25 episodes the patients recovered without intubation (successes). In nine episodes the patients required intubation and assisted ventilation; two of these patients died. Two patients died without intubation. The 25 successful episodes were compared with the 11 requiring intubation or associated with death (failures). The breathing pattern proved to be the best single factor for predicting success or failure (77 percent correct prediction). The breathing pattern plus the arterial carbon dioxide tension on admission was the best two-factor guide (86 percent correct prediction). Patients with asynchronous breathing and severe hypercapnia are so unlikely to do well with a program of controlled oxygen therapy that preparations for intubation and assisted ventilation should be made on admission and such measures should be instituted at the first sign of deterioration.

Airway Obstruction↗
PubMed1976

Effect of cardiac, pulmonary, and vascular disease on one-minute oxygen uptake.

A simplified method for estimation of one-minute oxygen uptake (VO2-1) during treadmill grade walking at vertical power requirements of 250, 750, and 1,000 kg-meters/min was devised, where power=weight (kg) X grade (fractional) X walking speed. All subjects were men. There were 29 controls, 34 subjects with coronary arterial disease (of whom 18 had had myocardial infarction), nine subjects with diffuse pulmonary disease, and four subjects with ischemic vascular disease. Abnormally reduced values for VO2-1 were related to these diseases and, more specifically, to a history of myocardial infarction and (in pulmonary subjects) to reduced single-breath diffusing capacity. Lowest values of VO2-1 for a group were found in ischemic vascular disease. Reduced response of VO2-1 may therefore be caused by central defects of oxygen transport.

Adult↗