Childhood systemic sclerosis with calcified foci over scalp.
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Adolescent↗
Biomedical subjects
S Ramesh
Publications and source records attributed to S Ramesh.
Thermoelectric power of p-doped single-wall carbon nanotubes and the role of phonon drag.
We measured thermoelectric power S of bulk single-wall carbon nanotube materials p doped with acids. In contrast to oxygen-exposed or degassed samples, S is very small at the lowest temperatures, increases superlinearly above a characteristic and sample-dependent T, and then levels off. We attribute this unusual behavior to 1D phonon drag, in which the depression of the Fermi energy cuts off electron-phonon scattering at temperatures below a characteristic T0. This idea is supported by a model calculation in which the low temperature behavior of phonon drag is specifically related to the one-dimensional character of the electronic spectrum.
Journal Article↗
Comparison of CT and MRI in the pre-operative staging of rectal adenocarcinoma and prediction of circumferential resection margin involvement by MRI.
OBJECTIVE: It has been suggested that MRI may be used as the sole modality of choice in pre-operative staging in rectal cancers. Knowledge of tumour stage and a threatened Circumferential Resection Margin (CRM) pre-operatively are essential for planning neo-adjuvant therapy and as predictors of local recurrence. At present most units utilize CT scanning to assess these parameters. The aim of our study was two fold: firstly to examine the accuracy of preop CT and MRI staging of rectal cancers compared with final histology and secondly to assess the accuracy of MRI in predicting penetration of the mesorectal envelope (ME). PATIENTS AND METHODS: All patients with biopsy proven rectal adenocarcinoma underwent thin slice MRI and CT scan pre-operatively. Forty-seven patients have been prospectively entered into the study: 24 male (median age 68 years; range 38-91 years). Eleven patients were unsuitable for surgery leaving 36 patients available for study. RESULTS: CT correctly staged patients with T1/T2 rectal cancers more often than MRI (77% vs. 43%, P = 0.226). Patients with T1/T2 tumours were overstaged more often by MRI compared with CT (54% vs. 23%, P = 0.226). A greater proportion of patients with T3 tumours were correctly staged by MRI than CT (76% vs. 41%, P = 0.08); and more T3 disease was understaged by CT than MRI (54 vs. 18%, P = 0.032). CT and MRI staged T4 disease equally. In the assessment of mesorectal envelope integrity, MRI had a sensitivity of 80% and a specificity of 84%. The positive predictive value was 44% and the negative predictive value 96%. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest significant differences between accurate pre-operative "T" staging by CT and MRI for rectal cancer. MRI has the potential however, to accurately assess mesorectal envelope invasion. Further analysis is required to assess whether MRI can be used as the sole modality in pre-operative staging of rectal cancers.
Adenocarcinoma↗
Transgenic indica rice resistant to sap-sucking insects.
Agrobacterium-mediated genetic transformation has been optimized in indica rice susceptible to sap-sucking insects, viz., brown planthopper (BPH) and green leafhopper (GLH). Snowdrop lectin gene (gna) from Galanthus nivalis, driven by phloem-specific rice-sucrose-synthase promoter, along with herbicide resistance gene (bar) driven by CaMV 35S promoter, was employed for genetic transformation. Embryogenic calli--after co-cultivation with Agrobacterium strain LBA4404 harbouring Ti plasmid pSB111-bar-gna--were selected on the medium containing phosphinothricin. PCR and Southern blot analyses confirmed the stable integration of both the genes into genomes of transgenic (T0) rice plants. Northern and Western blot analyses revealed the expression of gna in the transgenic plants. In the T1 and T2 generations, the gna and bar transgenes showed co-segregation at a ratio of 3 : 1. Plant progenies expressing gna, in T1 and T2, exhibited substantial resistance against BPH and GLH pests. This is the first report dealing with transgenic indica rice exhibiting high resistance to both insects.
Journal Article↗
180 Degrees rotated intestinal anastomosis for jejunoileal atresia in neonates - a preliminary study.
The authors report the results of a preliminary study of a new technique of 180 degrees rotated anastomosis carried out as a primary anastomosis for ten neonates with jejunoileal atresia. The details of the technique are illustrated. The advantages of this technique over the conventional end-to-back anastomosis are discussed. A comparative analysis shows improved results compared to the conventional anastomosis.
Anastomosis, Surgical↗
Water soluble fractions of rose-scented geranium (Pelargonium species) essential oil.
The essential oil of rose-scented geranium (Pelargonium species, family: Geraniaceae) obtained through steam or water plus steam distillation of shoot biomass is extensively used in the fragrance industry and in aromatherapy. During distillation, a part of the essential oil becomes dissolved in the distillation water (hydrosol) and is lost as this hydrosol is discarded. In this investigation, hydrosol was shaken for 30 min with hexane (10:1 proportion) and the hexane was distilled to yield 'secondary' or 'recovered' essential oil. The chemical composition of secondary oil was compared with that of 'primary' oil (obtained directly by distilling shoot biomass of the crop). Primary oil accounted for 93.0% and secondary oil 7.0% of the total oil yield (100.2 ml from 100 kg green shoot biomass). Fifty-two compounds making up 95.0-98.5% of the primary and the secondary oils were characterized through gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (GC--MS). Primary oil was richer in hydrocarbons (8.5-9.4%), citronellyl formate (6.2-7.5%), geranyl formate (4.1-4.7%), citronellyl propionate (1.0-1.2%), alpha-selinene (1.8-2.2%), citronellyl butyrate (1.4-1.7%), 10-epi-gamma-eudesmol (4.9-5.5%) and geranyl tiglate (1.8-2.1%). Recovered oil was richer in organoleptically important oxygenated compounds (88.9-93.9%), commercial rhodinol fraction (74.3-81.2%), sabinene (0.4-6.2%), cis-linool oxide (furanoid) (0.7-1.2%), linalool (14.7-19.6%), alpha-terpineol (3.3-4.8%) and geraniol (21.3-38.4%). Blending of recovered oil with primary oil is recommended to enhance the olfactory value of the primary oil of rose-scented geranium. Distillation water stripped of essential oil through hexane extraction can be recycled for distilling the next batch of rose-scented geranium.
Biotechnology↗
Pharmacokinetics of pefloxacin in goats after intravenous or oral administration.
The plasma concentrations and pharmacokinetics of the fluoroquinolone antimicrobial agent pefloxacin, following the administration of a single intravenous (10 mg/kg) or oral (20 mg/kg) dose, were investigated in healthy female goats. The antimicrobial activity in plasma was measured at predetermined times after drug administration by an agar well diffusion microbiological assay, using Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922) as the test organism. Concentrations of the drug > or = 0.25 microg/ml were maintained in plasma for up to 6 and 10 h after intravenous (i.v.) or oral administration of pefloxacin, respectively. The concentration time data for pefloxacin in plasma after i.v. or oral administration conformed to two- and one-compartment open models, respectively. Plasma pefloxacin concentrations decreased rapidly during the initial phase after i.v. injection, with a distribution half-life (t(1/2alpha)) of 0.10 +/- 0.01 h. The terminal phase had a half-life (t(1/2beta)) of 1.12 +/- 0.21 h. The volume of distribution at steady state (Vdss), mean residence time (MRT) and total systemic clearance (ClB) of pefloxacin were 1.08 +/- 0.09 L/kg, 1.39 +/- 0.23 h and 821 +/- 88 (ml/h)/kg, respectively. Following oral administration of pefloxacin, the maximum concentration in the plasma (Cmax) was 2.22 +/- 0.48 microg/ml and the interval from administration until maximum concentration (tmax) was 2.3 +/- 0.7 h. The absorption half-life (t(1/2ka)) mean absorption time (MAT) and elimination half-life of pefloxacin were 0.82 +/- 0.40, 4.2 +/- 1.0 and 2.91 +/- 0.50 h, respectively. The oral bioavailability of pefloxacin was 42% +/- 5.8%. On the basis of the pharmacokinetic data, a dosage regimen of 20 mg/kg, i.v. at 8 h intervals or orally twice daily, is suggested for treating infections caused by drug-sensitive pathogens in goats.
Administration, Oral↗
Historical pollution trends in coastal environments of India.
Seventeen sediment cores were collected from different coastal ecosystems of Tamil Nadu, India that include coastal lagoon (Pulicat), polluted rivers in Chennai (Adyar and Cooum), Coral reef (Gulf of Mannar) and a perennial river (Tamiraparani). Radiometric dating has been used to determine the modern sedimentation rates in these ecosystems. The Pulicat Lake and the polluted rivers (Adyar and Cooum) yield an average sediment accumulation rate of 12.34 and 7.85 mm yr(-1), respectively. In the Gulf of Mannar coral reef, the sedimentation rate averages 17.37 mm yr(-1), while the rate in Tamiraparani River is 11.00 mm yr(-1). In the Tamiraparani River basin, the deposition rates were an order of magnitude higher when compared to the erosion rates, which may be due to bank erosion and the intense human activity. In general high rates of sedimentation observed in the coastal ecosystems not only reflect the capacity of the coastal regions as sinks for trace metals but also denote increased input of pollutants into the coastal environments in the recent past. The deposition rates of heavy metals--Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu, Cr and Ni in the depth profiles have been computed using sedimentation rates and their distribution is discussed. It can be seen that the mean deposition rates of all the measured elements in the Tamil Nadu coastal ecosystems are high compared with rates determined for the sediments of the deltaic regions of India and the Bay of Bengal.
Ecosystem↗
Pharmacokinetic disposition of subcutaneously administered enrofloxacin in goats.
The pharmacokinetic disposition of enrofloxacin was studied in goats after subcutaneous (s.c.) administration at a single dose of 7.5 mg/kg body weight. Blood samples were drawn from a jugular vein into heparinized tubes at predetermined time intervals after administration of the drug and the plasma was separated by centrifugation. The concentrations of enrofloxacin in the plasma were determined by a microbiological assay using Escherichia coli as the test organism. The plasma concentration-time data were analysed by non-compartmental methods. Enrofloxacin was rapidly absorbed, an appreciable concentration of the drug (0.30 +/- 0.13 microg/ml) being present in the plasma by 5 min after s.c. administration. The maximum plasma concentration of enrofloxacin and the time to reach that maximum were 2.91 +/- 0.39 microg/ml and 2.9 +/- 0.51 h. respectively. A detectable concentration of enrofloxacin persisted in the plasma for 12 h. The elimination half-life and mean residence time of enrofloxacin were 2.84 +/- 0.57 and 5.74 +/- 0.28 h, respectively. It is suggested that enrofloxacin given subcutaneously may be useful in the treatment of susceptible bacterial infections in goats.
Animals↗
Pharmacokinetics of enrofloxacin and its metabolite ciprofloxacin in goats given enrofloxacin alone and in combination with probenecid.
The pharmacokinetics of enrofloxacin and its active metabolite ciprofloxacin were investigated in goats given enrofloxacin alone or in combination with probenecid. Enrofloxacin was administered i.m. at a dosage of 5 mg x kg(-1) alone or in conjunction with probenecid (40 mg x kg(-1), i.v.). Blood samples were drawn from the jugular vein at predetermined time intervals after drug injection. Plasma was separated and analysed simultaneously for enrofloxacin and ciprofloxacin by reverse-phase high performance liquid chromatography. The plasma concentration-time data for both enrofloxacin and ciprofloxacin were best described by a one-compartment open pharmacokinetic model. The elimination half-life (t(1/2beta)), area under the plasma concentration-time curve (AUC), volume of distribution (V(d(area))), mean residence time (MRT) and total systemic clearance (Cl(B)) were 1.39 h, 7.82 microg x h x mL, 1.52 L x kg(-1), 2.37 h and 802.9 mL x h(-1) x kg(-1), respectively. Enrofloxacin was metabolized to ciprofloxacin in goats and the ratio between the AUCs of ciprofloxacin and enrofloxacin was 0.34. The t(1/2beta), AUC and MRT of ciprofloxacin were 1.82 h, 2.55 microg x h x mL and 3.59 h, respectively. Following combined administration of probenecid and enrofloxacin in goats, the sum of concentrations of enrofloxacin and ciprofloxacin levels > or = 0.1 microg x mL(-1) persisted in plasma up to 12 h.Co-administration of probenecid did not affect the t(1/2beta), AUC, V(d (area)) and Cl(B) of enrofloxacin, whereas the values of t(1/2beta) (3.85 h), AUC (6.29 microg x h x mL), MRT (7.34 h) and metabolite ratio (0.86) of ciprofloxacin were significantly increased. The sum of both enrofloxacin and ciprofloxacin levels was > or = 0.1 microg x mL(-1) and was maintained in plasma up to 8 h in goats after i.m. administration of enrofloxacin alone. These data indicate that a 12 h dosing regime may be appropriate for use in goats.
Animals↗
Renal transplantation in patients with abnormal lower urinary tract.
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Female↗
Pharmacokinetics of enrofloxacin and its metabolite ciprofloxacin after intramuscular administration of enrofloxacin in goats.
The pharmacokinetics of enrofloxacin and its active metabolite ciprofloxacin were investigated in goats after a single intramuscular administration of enrofloxacin at 2.5 mg/kg body weight. The plasma concentrations of enrofloxacin and ciprofloxacin were determined simultaneously by a HPLC method. The peak concentrations (Cmax) of enrofloxacin (1.13 microg/ml) and ciprofloxacin (0.24 microg/ml) were observed at 0.8 and 1.2 h, respectively. The elimination half-life (t1/2beta), volume of distribution (Vd(area)), total body clearance (Cl(B)) and mean residence time (MRT) of enrofloxacin were 0.74 h, 1.42 L/kg, 1329 ml/h per kg and 1.54 h, respectively. The t1/2beta, area under the plasma concentration-time curve (AUC) and the MRT of ciprofloxacin were 1.38 h, 0.74 microg h/ml and 2.73 h, respectively. The metabolic conversion of enrofloxacin to ciprofloxacin was appreciable (36%) and the sum of the plasma concentrations of enrofloxacin and ciprofloxacin was maintained at or above 0.1 microg/ml for up to 4 h. Enrofloxacin appears to be useful for the treatment of goat diseases associated with pathogens sensitive to this drug.
Animals↗
Antipsychotic induced movement disorders.
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Akathisia, Drug-Induced↗
Wilms' tumor with vena caval, atrial, and middle hepatic vein tumor thrombus.
A 3-year-old male with a right-sided Wilms' tumor presented with tender hepatomegaly and bilateral lower-limb edema. Ultrasound and echocardiography showed a massive tumor thrombus completely occluding the inferior vena cava, right atrial cavity, and extending retrogradely into the middle hepatic vein. Two courses of preoperative chemotherapy (vincristine, actinomycin D, adriamycin) caused minimal shrinkage of the thrombus. The tumor and thrombus were successfully removed with the patient under cardiopulmonary bypass and deep hypothermic circulatory arrest followed by multiagent chemotherapy (vincristine, actinomycin D, adriamycin, cyclophosphamide). The child is alive and well with no evidence of disease 15 months later. Occlusion of the hepatic vein by a tumor thrombus in Wilms' tumor is a very rare event. It was completely removed by the right atrial route under direct vision in this child.
Antibiotics, Antineoplastic↗
Effects of endotoxin-induced fever and probenecid on disposition of enrofloxacin and its metabolite ciprofloxacin after intravascular administration of enrofloxacin in goats.
Pharmacokinetics of enrofloxacin and its active metabolite ciprofloxacin were investigated in normal, febrile and probenecid-treated adult goats after single intravenous (i.v.) administration of enrofloxacin (5 mg/kg). Pharmacokinetic evaluation of the plasma concentration-time data of enrofloxacin and ciprofloxacin was performed using two- and one-compartment open models, respectively. Plasma enrofloxacin concentrations were significantly higher in febrile (0.75-7 h) and probenecid-treated (5-7 h) goats than in normal goats. The sum of enrofloxacin and ciprofloxacin concentrations in plasma > or =0.1 microg /mL was maintained up to 7 and 8 h in normal and febrile or probenecid-treated goats, respectively. The t1/2beta, AUC, MRT and ClB of enrofloxacin in normal animals were determined to be 1.14 h, 6.71 microg .h/mL, 1.5 h and 807 mL/h/kg, respectively. The fraction of enrofloxacin metabolized to ciprofloxacin was 28.8%. The Cmax., t1/2beta, AUC and MRT of ciprofloxacin in normal goats were 0.45 microg /mL, 1.79 h, 1.84 microg .h/mL and 3.34 h, respectively. As compared with normal goats, the values of t1/2beta (1.83 h), AUC (11.68 microg ? h/mL) and MRT (2.13 h) of enrofloxacin were significantly higher, whereas its ClB (430 mL/h/kg) and metabolite conversion to ciprofloxacin (8.5%) were lower in febrile goats. The Cmax. (0.18 microg /mL) and AUC (0.99 microg .h/mL) of ciprofloxacin were significantly decreased, whereas its t1/2beta (2.75 h) and MRT (4.58 h) were prolonged in febrile than in normal goats. Concomitant administration of probenecid (40 mg/kg, i.v.) with enrofloxacin did not significantly alter any of the pharmacokinetic variables of either enrofloxacin or ciprofloxacin in goats.
Animals↗
Combined optical and fluorescence imaging for breast cancer detection and diagnosis.
In this article, we present a novel approach that combines the best aspects of both endogenous optical imaging and exogenous fluorescent lifetime and yield imaging for breast cancer detection and diagnosis. Using this approach, spatial distributions of optical properties, fluorescence lifetime, and yield in tissue can be reconstructed from measured excitation and emission data at the surface of the breast tissue by regularized inverse algorithms. We show images from simulated data, as well as images from experimental data using tissue-like phantom materials in the laboratory.
Algorithms↗
Influence of plant growth stage on the essential oil content and composition in Davana (Artemisia pallens wall.).
The influence of three plant growth stages (full emergence of flower heads, anthesis, and initiation of seed set) on the essential oil content and composition in Davana (Artemisia pallens Wall) was investigated over two successive seasons. The essential oil content was found to be higher at the full emergence of flower heads than at anthesis and initiation of seed set stages. The contents of davanone, the major constituent of davana oil, and linalool decreased while those of (Z)- and (E)-methyl cinnamate, (E)-ethyl cinnamate, bicyclogermacrene, davana ether, 2-hydroxyisodavanone, and farnesol increased from flower heads emergence stage to the initiation of seed set stage. These results support the general practice of harvesting the crop at full bloom stage. Five compounds, viz., (Z)- and (E)-methyl cinnamates, (Z)- and (E)-ethyl cinnamates, and geranyl acetate, were identified for the first time in davana oil.
Artemisia↗
Reduction in membranous expression of beta-catenin and increased cytoplasmic E-cadherin expression predict poor survival in gastric cancer.
beta-catenin, a component of the E-cadherin-catenin cell adhesion complex, also plays a separate intracellular signalling role, interacting with APC protein. Intracellular accumulation of beta-catenin is common in colorectal neoplasia. beta-catenin abnormalities are associated with poor survival in gastric cancer, but previous studies do not differentiate between membrane-associated and intracellular beta-catenin. In this study we aimed to determine which type of expression abnormalities for E-cadherin, beta-catenin and alpha-catenin correlate with clinico-pathological features and survival in gastric cancer. Immunoperoxidase staining of paraffin-embedded sections from 40 gastric cancers was performed for E-cadherin, alpha- and beta-catenins using microwave unmasking and an avidin-biotin technique. Clinical data were obtained from case records and cancer registry records. Reduced membranous expression of beta-catenin occurred in 10/12 (83%) diffuse and 8/28 (29%) intestinal tumours (P= 0.0014), and was associated with poor differentiation (P= 0.0015) and short survival (P= 0.032), but not with age, sex, tumour size or nodal status. Nuclear expression of beta-catenin was uncommon; cytoplasmic expression was observed in 13/40 cases (33%) but did not correlate with histology, tumour grade or survival. Reduced E-cadherin membrane expression was associated with lymph node metastasis (P= 0.02). Neither E-cadherin or alpha-catenin expression correlated with survival. Reduced membranous expression of beta-catenin predicts poor prognosis in gastric cancer, whilst ectopic intracellular expression is relatively rare. The apparent differences in beta-catenin expression from those found in colon cancer merit further study.
Cadherins↗