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Biomedical subjects

S Raman

Publications and source records attributed to S Raman.

At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

Rupture of the pregnant uterus--a 21-year review.

Uterine rupture is still a common problem in developing countries although even here the incidence varies from urban to rural settings. This article is a review of uterine rupture in an urban referral hospital in Malaysia. It examines aetiology, clinical presentation, complications and management of the problem. Meticulous screening of patients together with optimal antenatal and intrapartum care will markedly reduce the incidence of uterine rupture. Early diagnosis and prompt treatment will further help reduce morbidity and mortality to both mother and fetus.

Cesarean Section↗
PubMed1991

A comparative study of X-ray pelvimetry and CT pelvimetry.

In this study 24 patients who had conventional erect lateral X-ray pelvimetry had a CT pelvimetry done after delivery to complete the pelvimetry views. The erect lateral pelvimetry was read independently by a Consultant Radiologist, Consultant Obstetrician and a Medical Officer training in Obstetrics and Gynaecology. Using CT pelvimetry as the 'gold standard' (as the error of measurement was known with the machine used) the 3 readings were compared. There was no statistical difference in the values suggesting that X-ray pelvimetry is comparable to CT pelvimetry. However CT pelvimetry is preferred, if available, because of the lower dose of radiation involved, more comfort for the patient and shorter time in performing the procedure. Measurements done are easily read directly from the CT console.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Prenatal diagnosis of alpha thalassaemia major following cordocentesis--a case report.

The relevant investigations and management of a case of alpha-thalassaemia major suspected antenatally is discussed. The value of ultrasonically guided cordocentesis in the definite diagnosis of this condition is emphasised in the management of this pregnancy. We believe that this is the first time such a procedure has been done in this country.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Tumour dormancy: initiation, maintenance and termination in animals and humans.

The authors review the natural occurrence of tumour dormancy in man and animal models, which show the importance of cellular defence mechanisms in inducing and maintaining the state of tumour dormancy. Six cases of non-small-cell lung cancer are described. The patients exhibited moderate to very strong delayed hypersensitivity reactions to soluble lung-cancer antigen after specific immunotherapy. Three patients had nonregional metastases at 11, 12 and 14 years. Two had regional recurrence after 9 years, and in one patient a small hilar-node metastasis was found at autopsy after 7.6 years. In each case an immunodepressive event or drug treatment preceded resurgent growth. The effect of renal transplantation in patients with a history of surgery for cancer supports the conclusion that cellular defence mechanisms are crucial for the maintenance of tumour dormancy in man.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Neonatal and adult forebrain norepinephrine depletion and the behavioral and cortical thickening effects of enriched/impoverished environment.

Two experiments examined the effects of neonatal or adult intracerebral injections of 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) on the effects of enriched (ENR) vs. impoverished (IMP) housing conditions. In Expt. 1, neonatal rats received intraventricular injections of 6-OHDA after pretreatment with buproprion to destroy norepinephrine (NE) terminals while lessening damage to dopamine (DA) terminals. The rats were subsequently raised in either enriched or impoverished environments and then tested for their spatial problem-solving ability in an automated Hebb-Williams maze. Littermates did not undergo this testing but were instead assessed for cortical thickness. Despite the substantial depletion of NE in the forebrains of the 6-OHDA-treated rats, they responded to enriched rearing as did the control rats, i.e., they solved the Hebb-Williams problems more efficiently than their impoverished reared counterparts and they showed thicker cortices. In Expt. 2, adult rats received 6-OHDA lesions of the dorsal noradrenergic bundle and were then relegated to enriched or impoverished housing for 42 days. Subsequently, the enriched-housed rats solved the Hebb-Williams mazes more efficiently than their impoverished-housed counterparts and this effect of housing was not altered by the dorsal bundle lesion which severely depleted forebrain NE. These two experiments do not support a role for forebrain NE in the alteration of the rat cortex and behavior by environmental enrichment. It was concluded that the cognitive effects of enriched rearing do not require intact forebrain NE but that they may be influenced by the peripheral sympathectomy that is one consequence of neonatal systemic 6-OHDA injections.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Autoimmune haemolytic anaemia in pregnancy: a case report.

A young primigravida had idiopathic warm antibody (IgG) autoimmune haemolytic anaemia (AIHA) occurring in the third trimester of pregnancy. Her haemolytic process was responsive to steroid therapy and no transfusion was needed. She delivered a healthy baby with no evidence to haemolysis, though his red cells were coated with IgG which was probably of maternal origin.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Computed tomography to stage lung cancer. Approaching a controversy using meta-analysis.

The ability of computed tomography (CT) to detect mediastinal lymph node metastases from nonsmall cell bronchogenic lung cancer is highly controversial, as evidenced by reported accuracies ranging from 0.35 to 0.95 over the past eight years. We examined all studies on this matter published between January 1980 and April 1988, both to describe the overall experience and to identify characteristics (study design and methodology and CT scan techniques) that influenced reported accuracy. Of 79 relevant publications, 37 were excluded because they were review reports, assessed small cell lung cancer, or contained insufficient evidence to construct a contingency table (CT result versus node histology). The pooled, unweighted (weighted) results based on the remaining 42 studies were as follows: sensitivity, 0.79 (0.83); specificity, 0.78 (0.81); accuracy, 0.79 (0.81). Using a node size greater than 1.0 cm to define a "positive" CT result, as compared to a smaller diameter, was associated with significantly higher specificity, 0.89 versus 0.76, and accuracy, 0.86 versus 0.75 (p less than or equal to 0.005), but not sensitivity, 0.79 versus 0.75. The observed differences in accuracy between a fourth generation CT (0.83) and either a third or a second generation CT, (0.77 and 0.78, respectively) were not significant at p less than 0.05. No characteristics, either singly or in combination, resulted in accuracies exceeding 0.86. There exists random variation of individual study results around an overall mean accuracy of only 0.79, which is marginally improved by advances in CT technology and methods. Significant advances in the noninvasive detection of lymph node metastases must await an approach fundamentally different from CT-determined node size.

Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung↗
PubMed1990

Precipitation test--a rapid method for diagnosis of tuberculous meningitis.

Precipitation test (modified Lavinson's test) was conducted in 125 cases of meningitis. Of these, 50 cases (proved cases of tuberculous meningitis) who served as positive controls showed positive response for the precipitation test in 96% and in 25 cases of negative control group (cases of meningitis other than TBM), it showed only 4% positivity. The remaining 50 cases of TBM where the cytological and biochemical findings were not in correlation with clinical diagnosis of TBM, showed 92% positivity for early diagnosis of TBM.

Benzenesulfonates↗
PubMed1990

Early warning of fetal compromise--absent end diastolic flow?

This report deals with the use of a relatively new investigative technique (Doppler ultrasound) in the management of a case of early onset pre-eclampsia and discusses the benefit of this new technique over conventional methods of fetal monitoring.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome--two case reports.

Two cases of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS) following the GIFT procedure are reported. This article highlights the potential dangers of this condition and discusses the classification and management.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Problems of statistical analysis of rating scale scores in clinical studies.

Conventional statistical analysis of rating scale scores in clinical studies are inefficient and may occasionally lead to erroneous conclusions. Analytical methods based on a mixture of distributions is proposed and illustrated with a computational example. Though the model is complex the analysis can be carried out easily using commonly available computer software packages.

Follow-Up Studies↗