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Biomedical subjects

S Raman

Publications and source records attributed to S Raman.

167 records · Page 10Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

[Positron-emission tomography/computed tomography: artifacts and pitfalls in cancer patients].

Diagnostic accuracy and correct initial staging (or restaging) are fundamental in the management of oncological patients and can directly influence therapeutic decisions. The combination of positron-emission tomography (PET) and computed tomography (CT) in a single scanner (PET/TC) represents an important achievement in the fields of oncology, nuclear medicine, and radiology. These scanners allow morphologic images (obtained by CT) to be fused and correlated with metabolic images (obtained by PET) to a high degree of accuracy. In addition to an understanding of the physiopathology of cancer and the behavior of the different types of neoplasms, the correct interpretation of PET/CT images requires in-depth knowledge of the physiological distribution of the F-18 fluorodeoxyglucose molecule (FDG, currently the most widely used marker in oncology), of the frequent physiological variations in its distribution, and of the possible causes of non-malignant pathological FDG uptake. Furthermore, the use of CT data to correct attenuation and reconstruct PET images in PET/CT scanners can generate some characteristic artifacts specific to this new diagnostic tool, and these can lead to misinterpretation with potential therapeutic implications. This article reviews and illustrates some of the most common artifacts and pitfalls that can appear in PET/CT studies. The detection and correct interpretation of these findings are essential for the appropriate management of oncologic patients.

Fluorodeoxyglucose F18↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Comprehensive health assessment for newly arrived refugee children in Australia.

Providing appropriate and responsive care to refugees from diverse backgrounds and with unique health needs is challenging. Refugee children may present with a wide range of conditions, which may be unfamiliar to health professionals in developed countries. Additionally, refugees may experience unfamiliarity with the Australian health system and distrust of authority figures and/or medical practitioners. This article provides an overview of the priority areas in health and health management for paediatric refugee patients for paediatricians as well as other relevant health care providers caring for this group. Specific issues covered include general health assessment, infectious diseases, immunization, growth and nutrition, oral health, development and disability, mental health and child protection. Comprehensive health assessment can assist in identifying children at risk of poor health and to provide them with timely and effective care, advocacy and appropriate referral.

Australia↗
PubMedDate not supplied

An issue of access: delivering equitable health care for newly arrived refugee children in Australia.

Newly arrived refugees and asylum seekers are faced with many difficulties in accessing effective health care when settling in Australia. Cultural, language and financial constraints, lack of awareness of available services, and lack of health provider understanding of the complex health concerns of refugees can all contribute to limiting access to health care. Understanding the complexities of a new health care system under these circumstances and finding a regular health provider may be difficult. In some cases there may be a fundamental distrust of government services. The different levels of health entitlements by visa category and (for some) detention on arrival in Australia may further complicate the provision and use of health services for providers and patients. Children are particularly at risk of suboptimal health care due to the impact of these factors combined with the effect of resettlement stresses on parents' ability to care for their children. Unaccompanied and separated children, and those in detention experience additional challenges in accessing care. This article aims to increase awareness among health professionals caring for refugee children of the challenges faced by this group in accessing and receiving effective health care in Australia. Particular consideration is given to the issues of equity, rights of asylum seekers, communication and cultural sensitivities in health care provision, and addressing barriers to health care. The aim of the paper is to alert practitioners to the complex issues surrounding the delivery of health care to refugee children and provide realistic recommendations to guide practice.

Australia↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Electromagnetic compatibility study of the in-vitro interaction of wireless phones with cardiac pacemakers.

This large-scale in-vitro investigation of the interaction between hand-held wireless phones and cardiac pacemakers tested 29 pacemaker models with five different phone standards. The phones were operational and suspended on a grid above a torso simulator filled with a saline bath with the pacemaker submerged at 0.5 cm. Testing consisted of 8,296 runs, during which any interactions detected were classified by type and regularity. Only a few pacemakers were responsible for a disproportionately large number of interactions. Likewise, interactions occurred during 21% of the tests using one particular phone technology, with little or no interaction resulting from use of the other standards. Other significant factors included the relative orientation of the phone and the pacemaker case, as well as the presence or absence of an injected ECG signal. The ECG signal facilitated observation of certain forms of interaction to the extent that this study indicates the importance of including an injected ECG signal in all testing. The study also supports the recommendation to maintain a separation distance of at least 6 inches between pacemakers and wireless phones. Each pacemaker reverted to its normal operation when the phone creating an interaction was turned off. This study may be useful in ongoing efforts to define test protocols, evaluate pacemaker designs, and mitigate interactions, perhaps providing the basis for future certification and screening efforts.

Electrocardiography↗