Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

S Rajaram

Publications and source records attributed to S Rajaram.

14 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1995

Plasma mineral concentrations in preterm infants fed a nutrient-enriched formula after hospital discharge.

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether prolonged feeding of preterm infant formula to preterm infants can accelerate recovery to normal plasma zinc levels without affecting plasma mineral homeostasis. DESIGN: Part of concurrent prospective feeding trials in a university hospital-based population. SUBJECTS AND INTERVENTION: Preterm infants (n = 33; birth weight, 1037 +/- 157 gm) were fed a preterm infant formula with higher concentrations of zinc, copper, calcium, magnesium, and potassium until 2 months past expected term, then a term infant formula. Term infants (n = 38; birth weight, 3318 +/- 401 gm) fed this term infant formula from birth were a reference group for comparison with study infants and with published values. Plasma mineral levels were analyzed by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy. RESULTS: Preterm infants fed a preterm infant formula after discharge from the hospital appeared to achieve normal plasma zinc concentrations by at least 2 months past term without adverse effects on mineral homeostasis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

Insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I and IGF-binding protein 3 during the first year in term and preterm infants.

Plasma IGF-I and IGF-binding protein 3 (IGFBP-3) were determined by radioimmunoassay in term infants (n = 51) at 0, 2, 4, 6, and 12 mo and preterm infants (n = 51) at -3 (28.4 wk postconceptional age), -2, -1.5, -1, 0, 2, 4, 6, 9, and 12 mo from expected term. The effects of gestational age at birth (term or preterm) and study age were determined by repeated measures analysis of variance and Fisher's least squares difference. In preterm infants, IGF-I increased between -3 and 2 mo from 0.75 to 10.4 nM, decreased between 2 and 9 mo to 7.3 nM, and increased again between 9 and 12 mo to 10.1 nM (p < 0.0001), whereas IGFBP-3 increased relatively little from -3 to 0 mo (14.2 to 30.2 nM, p < 0.05) and plateaued from 2 to 12 mo (49.8 to 62.3 nM). At 0 mo, IGF-I and IGFBP-3 were the same in term and preterm infants, but preterm infants had higher IGF-I from 2 through 12 mo (p < 0.05), higher IGFBP-3 at 2 and 4 mo (p < 0.05), and lower IGFBP-3 at 12 mo (p < 0.05). IGF-I and IGFBP-3 were correlated at most ages. First year IGF-I and IGFBP-3 are influenced by study age and by gestational age, even after adjusting for early birth.

Carrier Proteins↗
PubMed1995

Effects of long-term moderate exercise on iron status in young women.

The impact of long-term (6-month) moderate exercise on the iron status of previously sedentary women was determined by randomly assigning 62 college-age women into one of the following four groups: 1) 50 mg.d-1 iron supplement, low iron diet (N = 16); 2) Placebo, free choice diet (N = 13); 3) Meat supplement to achieve 15 mg.d-1 iron intake (N = 13); and 4) Control, free choice diet (N = 20). All groups except the Control group exercised 3 d.wk-1 at 60%-75% of their heart rate reserve. VO2max was measured at baseline and week 24. Blood was sampled at baseline and every 4 wk thereafter for 24 wk to measure iron status and to elucidate the causes for alterations in iron status. Subjects had depleted iron stores throughout the study as indicated by their serum ferritin levels (< 15 ng.ml-1). Serum iron, total iron binding capacity and transferrin saturation were not compromised with exercise. Mean hemoglobin level in the Placebo/Ex group was significantly (P < 0.05) lower than the 50 Fe/Ex and the Meat/Ex groups by week 24. However, changes in serum albumin, haptoglobin, and erythropoietin data from the study cannot explain these changes.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Iron status in exercising women: the effect of oral iron therapy vs increased consumption of muscle foods.

Forty-seven previously sedentary women participating in a 12-wk moderate aerobic-exercise program were randomly assigned to one of four dietary groups: 50-mg/d iron supplement and a low food-iron diet (50 FE + EX), 10-mg/d iron supplement and a low food-iron diet (10 FE + EX), placebo and unrestricted diet (P + EX), and meat supplement and high food-iron diet (M + EX). A sedentary control group (n = 13) received no dietary interventions. Hematocrit, total iron-binding capacity, and hemoglobin, serum iron, serum ferritin, and serum albumin concentrations were measured every 4 wk. Hemoglobin values decreased at the end of 4 wk in all exercising groups compared with the control group. Iron status in the 50 FE + EX and M + EX groups improved after week 4 as indicated by an increase in serum ferritin, serum iron, and hemoglobin concentrations, and a decline in total iron-binding capacity. Thus, short-term, moderate aerobic exercise resulted in compromised iron status that was offset to varying degrees by ingesting iron or meat supplements. However, meat supplements were more effective in protecting hemoglobin and ferritin status than were iron supplements.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Exercise and iron status.

Total iron losses in feces, urine and sweat in endurance-trained athletes are approximately 1.75 mg/d (compared with the reference value of 1 mg/d) in males and approximately 2.3 mg/d (compared with the reference value of 1.4 mg/d) in females because of the additional iron losses with menses. Therefore, it is not surprising that many investigators report that iron deficiency is a common problem in athletes who do not increase their iron intake above that of the general population. Recently, several observations of iron deficiency associated with mild exercise have been reported. Investigation of the extent of iron loss and utilization in individuals exercising for fitness is needed. Because compromised iron status can affect athletic performance as well as general health, including immune functions, cognitive development and ability to thermoregulate, it is advisable to emphasize meeting the recommended dietary allowances for iron during exercise training.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

The role of syllabic and orthographic properties of letter cues in solving word fragments.

The present research examined the role of phonological and orthographic properties of cues in mediating the retrieval of words from the mental lexicon. The task required subjects to resolve fragmented words when provided with semantically related cues (e.g., spiteful:---DIC----). Phonological properties of the letter cues were manipulated such that the letters either corresponded to the syllables (e.g., DIC in vindictive) or nonsyllables (NDI) in the word. Orthographic properties of the letter cues were manipulated by selecting letter groups that either co-occurred frequently in the language or did not. In two experiments, results revealed little or no effect of the phonological variable (syllables) but a reliable effect of the orthographic variable (letter-cue frequency). Letter cues with a low frequency of co-occurrence in the language led to better completion of the fragmented words. We interpret these findings as support for models of lexical representation that are based on orthographic properties (e.g., Seidenberg & McClelland, 1989) rather than those based on phonological constraints.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Comparative bioavailability of two brands of ciprofloxacin: an Indian study.

A randomized crossover study was carried out to determine the bioavailability of two commercially available brands of ciprofloxacin after oral administration in healthy volunteers. There were no significant differences in the pharmacokinetic parameters that characterize bioavailability between the two brands. It is therefore concluded that there is no bioinequivalence between these ciprofloxacin brands.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1991

Role of calcium in the analgesic action of tetrahydroisoxazolepyridinol and muscimol.

The role of calcium in the analgesic activity of 4,5,6,7-tetrahydroisoxazole-(5,4-c) pyridin-2-ol (THIP) and muscimol has been investigated using the acetic acid assay procedure. THIP and muscimol produced significant analgesic response. Whilst neither calcium chloride nor nifedipine in the doses employed significantly altered the number of writhings, calcium chloride antagonized the analgesic responses of THIP and muscimol while nifedipine potentiated them. Similar responses were recorded for morphine. These findings suggest that THIP and muscimol, like morphine, might alter the calcium movements across the plasma membrane to elicit the analgesic response.

Analgesics↗
PubMed1990

Specifying criteria for postulating memory systems.

We have examined four criteria commonly used to distinguish separate memory systems: functional dissociation, independent neural systems, stochastic independence, and functional incompatibility. Current evidence fails to jointly satisfy these criteria in establishing independent systems, at least by our assessment. However, the proposed criteria are not all weighted equally in the literature. Certainly dissociation experiments, especially of neuropsychological patients, are weighted strongly in most formulations relative to the other three criteria. If all four criteria are considered equally important, as they should be in our opinion, evidence for the putative systems is much less clear-cut at this point, as indicated in our review.

Brain↗
PubMed1975

Surgical correction of a rare variant of cor triatriatum.

Cor triatratum is a rare congenital malformation. Problems in diagnosis and surgery arise due to associated anomalies such as atrial septal defects and anomalous pulmonary venous drainage. A 21-year-old man proved to have a rare variant of cor triatiatum in which both the upper and lower compartments of the left atrium communicated with the right atrium through two separate atrial septal defects. In addition, he had anomalous drainage of the right superior pulmonary vein into the superior vena cava. Intracardiac repair was undertaken successfully.

Adult↗