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Biomedical subjects

S R Young

Publications and source records attributed to S R Young.

64 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1975

Alpha fetoprotein: effect of heterologous antiserum on hepatoma cells in vitro.

Hepatoma cells derived from The Jackson Laboratory mouse hepatoma BW7756 synthesized alpha fetoprotein (AFP) in vitro. The AFP was immunologically identical to that circulating in the sera of hepatoma-bearing mice. An in vitro cytotoxic effect of rabbit antiserum to AFP was studied in hepatoma cells obtained both from fresh cell suspensions and short-term cell culture. The use of intact and/or inactivated anti-AFP serum inhibited the growth of the AFP-producing cells. The cytotoxic effects of the antiserum depended on exposure time and serum concentration. The cytotoxicity was complement independent, as demonstrated by studies with heat-deactivated serum devoid of extrinsic complement. The control target cells included fresh cell suspensions of normal mouse liver and mouse muscle fibroblasts grown in short-term culture. Specificity of the antisera for the target cells was demonstrated by absorption with purified mouse AFP. The results could be explained by the presence of AFP on the hepatoma cell surface.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

Anesthetic biotransformation and renal function in obese patients during and after methoxyflurane or halothane anesthesia.

Anesthetic biotransformation and renal function were studied in obese adult patients (148 plus or minus 8 kg; mean plus or minus SE) anesthetized for three hours with 60 per cent nitrous oxide plus either methoxyflurane or halothane for elective jejunoileal small-bowel-bypass operations. There was no evidence of persistent renal dysfunction in any patient postoperatively, but serum osmolality was elevated 72 hours after methoxyflurane anesthesia. Urine concentrating ability was not determined. Peak serum ionic fluoride concentration was 55.8 plus or minus 5.8 muM/1 two hours after discontinuation of methoxyflurane. Urinary ionic fluoride and oxalate excretions increased postoperatively. Compared with previously reported data from nonobese patients, serum ionic fluoride concentrations in obese patients increased more rapidly during methoxyflurane anesthesia and peaked higher and sooner after discontinuation of methoxyflurane. The peak serum ionic fluoride concentration was 10.4 plus or minus 1.5 muM/1 at the conclusion of halothane anesthesia, significantly more than the corresponding value in nonobese patients. Intraoperative liver biopsies from 23 of 27 patients showed moderate to severe fatty metamorphosis. Fatty liver infiltration may have increased hepatic anesthetic uptake and exposed more methoxyflurane or halothane to hepatic microsomal enzymes. The more rapid elevation and higher peak levels of serum ionic fluoride following methoxyflurane, and to a lesser extent following halothane, may reflect increased anesthetic biotransformation in obese compared with nonobese patients. To avoid excessive serum ionic fluoride elevations the authors recommended limiting low-dose methoxyflurane anesthesia delivered to obese patients with potential fatty liver infiltration to no more than three hours.

Adjuvants, Anesthesia↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Methoxyflurane biotransformation and renal function following methoxyflurane administration for vaginal delivery or cesarean section.

Methoxyflurane (MOF) administration for conscious analgesia during vaginal delivery (range 5 to 70 min, mean 23 min) or for anesthesia following delivery of the infant at cesarean section (range 25 to 70 min, mean 44 min) was studied in 18 healthy parturients. Serum ionic fluoride increased significantly in both groups 2 hours after discontinuing MOF with peak concentrations of 11.2 and 14.1 mumol/L in the vaginal delivery and cesarean section groups, respectively. Individual peak serum ionic fluoride levels in the 2 groups of 21 and 25 mumol/L were well below reported levels for subclinical toxicity. Significant ionic fluoride elevations in fetal umbilical venous blood (mean 5.3 mumol/L) were measured in the vaginal-delivery group. Maternal urinary ionic fluoride and oxalate were elevated 24 and 48 hours postpartum. BUN, creatinine, urine volume, and urine osmolality remained within normal range. These data indicate that hazardous elevations of serum ionic fluoride with subsequent renal dysfunction are unlikely following low-dose MOF administration for vaginal delivery or cesarean section.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Botulinum A toxin treatment of a deviated orbital implant.

We report a case of progressive deviation of an implant that resulted in conjunctival thinning and an inadequately fit prosthesis. Such a case may have been treated with conjunctival grafting or replacement of the implant with an hydroxyapatite sphere. In this case, injection of botulinum A toxin (Botox) into the contracted medial rectus muscle contributed to the successful refitting of a new and stable prosthesis and improvement of the conjunctival integrity. Possible explanations of the progressive shift in the position of the implant and its postinjection stability are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Late complications of combined radial and transverse keratotomy after penetrating keratoplasty associated with atopic keratoconjunctivitis.

A 31-year-old man underwent bilateral penetrating keratoplasties for keratoconus. He had intolerable anisometropia postoperatively, with high irregular myopic astigmatism in the left eye. He could not wear contact lenses. A combined radial keratotomy and transverse keratotomy were performed, resulting in improved visual acuity. One year post-operatively he developed rapid vascularization of two of the radial incisions. This was associated with an acute allograft rejection, graft failure, and progressive changes in corneal topography.

Adult↗