Design for microbiological glassware service.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Hospital Design and Construction↗
Biomedical subjects
S R Wilson
Publications and source records attributed to S R Wilson.
In-between times and experimental stress.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Arousal↗
Health education, pro and con.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Health Education↗
Discrepancy between ultrasound and oral cholecystography in the assessment of gallstone dissolution.
The Sunnybrook Medical Centre Gallstone Study is a randomized, controlled, double-blind study of chenodeoxycholic acid for dissolution of radiolucent gallstones. Of the first 22 patients whose stones were apparently totally dissolved on oral cholecystography, seven were found to have residual small stone fragments on ultrasound examination of the gallbladder. Continuing chenotherapy was unsuccessful in dissolving these fragments. The possibility that the residual stones represent insoluble nuclei of the original calculi must be considered. Responses to choleitholytic therapy and subsequent stone recurrences need to be reevaluated using ultrasound.
Adolescent↗
Gastrointestinal tract sonography.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Digestive System↗
Trauma ultrasound feasibility during helicopter transport.
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the feasibility of performing a standard four-view focused abdominal sonography for trauma (FAST) examination during helicopter transport using a hand-carried ultrasound machine. METHODS: In this prospective observational study, actual and simulated trauma patients were evaluated using the SonoSite 180 ultrasound machine by two air transport programs serving Level I trauma centers. FAST examinations were performed in flight by emergency medicine faculty, residents, flight nurses, and ultrasound technologists, who rated the difficulty posed by various factors using Likert scales (0 = not difficult to 5 = impossible). BK 117, Bell 230, and BO 105 medical helicopters flew in all aviating modes. Pilots were queried regarding avionics variations throughout the flights. RESULTS: Ten flight sonographers performed 21 FAST examinations on 14 patients (five actual, nine simulated). The median Likert value for each parameter was 0 except for patient position, which was 1 (somewhat difficult). Interquartile ranges were 0-0 for vibration, bedding, IV catheters, monitor cables, and ventilator; 0-0.5 for backboard straps; and 0-1 for sunlight, patient position, spider straps, gurney straps, and clothing. Mean examination duration, was 3.0 minutes (range 1.5 to 5.5 minutes, SD 1.3). Pilots reported no effects on avionics in any flight mode. CONCLUSION: The FAST examination using the SonoSite 180 in flight was rated by 10 evaluators to be performed easily. Examinations were conducted quickly and did not interfere with helicopter avionics. This digital ultrasound machine is the first one small enough to be used in most medical helicopters.
Abdominal Injuries↗
The genetics of leprosy.
Population and family distributions of leprosy in the Bogia Subprovince of Papua New Guinea have been examined for evidence of inherited susceptibility to the disease. Evidence for multigenic inheritance of leprosy severity is provided by the restriction of pleiotropy with red-cell enzyme 6PGD phenotypes to a single clinical form of leprosy and by the superior fit of pedigree data to a multifactorial, rather than single-gene model, of inheritance. Discrimination of the multifactorial model as superior to the single-gene model in testing the mode of inheritance of quasi-continuous multiple threshold traits was possible by extending the models to incorporate information on assortative mating for leprosy. Leprosy epidemiological patterns simulated blood genetic marker gene frequency distributions of 13 polymorphic loci in their dependence on linguistic and distance effects. In an analysis of leprosy prevalence rates in 25 languages, leprosy rates corresponded more closely with linguistic similarity than with geographic proximity, suggesting the importance of ancestral genetic relationships between groups as a determinant of similarity in between-group leprosy susceptibility.
Blood Group Antigens↗
The analysis of g-isonymy data.
g-Isonymy is defined to be generalized isonymy, and is taken to be two (or more) individuals who have the same surname (clan name) and who are related through marriage, although they are not necessarily married to one another. A general method for analysing g-isonymic data is proposed. It is shown how the random and non-random components of the frequency of g-isonymy can be obtained as well as the subcomponents due to preference for or against close consanguineous marriages and/or for or against remote consanguineous marriages. The proposed analysis, is applied to a subset of data on the Bhatias, a community which practises strict clan exogamy.
Consanguinity↗
Effects of the protease inhibitor (Pi) polymorphism on alpha-1-antitrypsin concentration and elastase inhibitory capacity in human serum.
The concentration of alpha-1-antitrypsin (AAT) and its elastase inhibitory capacity (EIC) have been investigated in vitro in sera from 1688 healthy Canberra blood donors typed for electrophoretic variants of the protease inhibitor (Pi) locus. Nine Pi alleles were recorded in the sample, of which M1 was found at a frequency of nearly 70% and the other eight were each at frequencies below 15%. As a class, heterozygotes among the three Pi M subtype alleles, M1, M2 and M3, have higher means and lower variances for AAT and EiC than do the three M subtype homozygotes. Among the three homozygotes M1M1 has highest AAT and EIC and among the heterozygotes dominance in M1M2 and M1M3 is towards or beyond the high M1M1 values. Of the six other Pi alleles recorded, two (F and G) have similar values to the M subtypes but the other four (I, N, S and Z) have lower values. The patterns of means and variances in AAT and EIC for the different M subtype genotypes do not support the precise threshold function postulated by Martin and Oakeshott (1983) to relate activity to Darwinian fitness. Nevertheless, several aspects of the results are consistent with a general positive relationship between activity and fitness.
Adolescent↗
Principal component analysis of shape variables in adult individuals.
Human body shape variables were obtained by adjusting 34 distances between trunk/limbs, and head/face, landmarks, for an overall appropriate body size measurement. The adjustment was based on regression analysis. Principal component analysis was applied to thus defined shape variables to obtain shape dimensions in 99 normal adult males and 103 females. The first principal component either for trunk/limbs shape variables, or for head/face variables (considered separately in the analyses) is similar in both sexes in that it represents relative proportions between trunk and limb lengths and widths, and between midfacial lengths and widths, respectively. However there are appreciable differences in the succeeding components. The problem of interpretation of body shape dimensions, especially those accounting for less than 20% of the sample variance, as well as difficulties in assessing the biological meaning of dependence structures determined by principal component analysis in humans, are discussed.
Adolescent↗
Polyvalent group B streptococcal immune globulin for intravenous administration: overview.
Immunoglobulin therapy is becoming an important modality for the prevention and treatment of bacterial and viral infection. Standard intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) is made from large pools of plasma obtained from normal blood donors. However, lot-to-lot variation in titers of antibody to specific microbial pathogens may diminish therapeutic efficacy. Since group B Streptococcus (GBS) is an important neonatal pathogen, a preparation with high titers of activity against GBS was prepared and studied. Plasma was obtained from volunteers immunized with a polyvalent GBS vaccine and was processed by the Swiss Red Cross for intravenous infusion. This high-titered GBS intravenous immunoglobulin (GBS-IVIG) was shown to be superior both in vitro and in vivo to standard IVIG. GBS-IVIG provided protection when therapy was delayed for up to 24 hours after infection. Standard IVIG did not protect animals against all GBS strains. However, GBS-IVIG enhanced survival from infection with all strains tested, even when the challenge dose of GBS was increased by 2 log units. Specific hyperimmune globulins to pathogens such as Haemophilus influenzae and Streptococcus pneumoniae have also been studied. Immunization of adult volunteers as a means of obtaining hyperimmune globulin appears to be an effective method of producing high-titered pathogen-specific preparations of IVIG.
Adult↗
Role of US in the detection, characterization, and staging of cholangiocarcinoma.
Cholangiocarcinoma is a rare tumor with a broad range of pathologic and clinical manifestations that demonstrates a myriad of imaging findings. Recent experience indicates that a more definitive role is possible for ultrasonography (US) in the evaluation of cholangiocarcinoma. Dilatation of the intrahepatic bile ducts is the most frequently seen US abnormality in patients with ductal cholangiocarcinoma. Klatskin tumors classically manifest as segmental dilatation and nonunion of the right and left ducts at the porta hepatis. Papillary and nodular ductal cholangiocarcinoma are relatively easy to see at US: Papillary tumors resemble polypoid intraluminal masses, whereas nodular cholangiocarcinoma manifests as a discrete smooth mass with associated mural thickening. Infiltrating ductal cholangiocarcinoma at the porta hepatis is the most common subtype but is the most difficult to appreciate at US. Peripheral cholangiocarcinoma may be either nodular or infiltrating at US: The nodular form predominates and appears as a solitary mass with a distinct right lobe predilection, whereas the infiltrative form is rare and manifests as a diffusely abnormal liver echotexture. In capable hands, modern high-resolution US equipment with color Doppler imaging capability is highly sensitive in the detection, characterization, and determination of the potential for resectability of cholangiocarcinoma. Thus, use of US may obviate more invasive procedures in some patients and help identify those patients for whom further investigation would be contributory.
Bile Duct Neoplasms↗
Gastrointestinal adenocarcinomas metastatic to the testes and associated structures in three dogs.
Primary testicular neoplasms are common in dogs, but metastases to the testes are rare. Three dogs had enlargement of the testes and associated structures. Upon histological examination, the enlargements were due to metastatic adenocarcinomas. Further examination identified the gastrointestinal tract as the primary site of the metastatic neoplasms in all three cases. The testicular metastases reflected widespread metastatic disease. When metastatic adenocarcinoma is found in the testes and associated structures in dogs, the gastrointestinal tract should be examined closely for a primary tumor site.
Adenocarcinoma↗
Intravenous immunoglobulin in the treatment of neonatal sepsis: therapeutic strategies and laboratory studies.
IGIV appears to have a promising future in treating and perhaps preventing neonatal bacterial infections. However, all IGIV lots do not contain equal amounts of pathogen-specific IgG with functional opsonic activity. To ensure effective therapy it will be important to inform physicians that the IGIV lots available for use contain functional antibacterial antibody to the responsible pathogens. To optimize therapy IGIV may need to be given early in the infection and doses may need to be repeated if pathogen-specific antibody is rapidly depleted. Further, clinical studies will be necessary to determine if IGIV will be a valuable adjunct to antibiotic therapy in neonatal GBS infections.
Animals↗
An analysis of pantomographs from U.S. Air Force recruits.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Aerospace Medicine↗
Ultrasound evaluation of popliteal cysts on osteoarthritis of the knee.
Ultrasound (US) examination of the popliteal space is a noninvasive, reliable technique for the assessment of popliteal cysts. In order to determine the prevalence and significance of popliteal cysts in primary osteoarthritis (OA) of the knee, we conducted a prospective clinical, radiographic and US study on 50 patients and 25 controls. Popliteal cysts were demonstrated by US in 29 of 100 (29%) knees of 21 of 500 (42%) patients, 8 of whom (38%) had bilateral cysts. The majority of cysts were small and symptomless. Cyst rupture and the "pseudothrombophlebitis syndrome" occurred in only 2 of 29 (7%) knees. The occurrence of cysts correlated with the presence of knee effusion and the radiologic grade of OA. The results indicate of high incidence of clinically unsuspected popliteal cysts in patients with symptomatic knee OA. OA may be a more common cause of popliteal cysts than generally recognized.
Adult↗
Effectiveness of educational strategies preparing physician assistants, nurse practitioners, and certified nurse-midwives for underserved areas.
A study of physician assistant, nurse practitioner, and certified nurse midwifery programs was undertaken to identify and assess the effectiveness of recruitment, educational, and deployment strategies that programs use to prepare practitioners for medically underserved areas. The 51 programs studied were those having mission statements or known track records relating to this goal. A total of 170 interviews were conducted with faculty, students, graduates, and employers from 9 programs visited on-site and 42 programs surveyed by telephone. All programs had some recruitment and training activities in underserved sites. Only about half of the programs were able to submit data on their graduates' practice settings and specialties. These data suggest that older students who have backgrounds in underserved areas and clearly identified practice goals are more likely to practice in underserved areas. Programs that actively promote service to the underserved do so through publicly stated missions and recruitment and educational strategies that complement these missions. Such programs also are more likely to evaluate and document their success than programs that lack strategies.
Certification↗
Exploring norms and beliefs related to AIDS prevention among California Hispanic men.
A focus-group study gathered qualitative information from Hispanic males in California regarding ethnic factors that might enhance or interfere with AIDS prevention efforts. A predominantly working-class convenience sample of 75 men aged 18-40 participated in seven groups of 10-12 participants each. Three groups were composed of single men, three of married men and one was composed of homosexual and bisexual men. Four groups included only participants born outside the United States; and Spanish was the preferred language in five of the groups. Evaluation of the discussions indicates that while AIDS awareness is high among this population, condom use is sporadic. Few participants knew that someone infected with the human immunodeficiency virus could appear healthy; most believed they could easily determine if a woman is risky by her appearance or social standing. Although many participants thought HIV could be transmitted through casual contact, the homosexual and bisexual men were more likely to acknowledge that they were at some risk of infection; most of the heterosexual men did not perceive themselves as being at risk, even those who engaged in sex with prostitutes or women they met at bars. The participants had ambivalent attitudes toward women who suggested condom use and were often reluctant to initiate condom use themselves. Religion did not seem to play a major role in the men's attitudes about AIDS, sexuality and condom use.
AIDS Serodiagnosis↗