Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

S R Porter

Publications and source records attributed to S R Porter.

At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed1996

Bilateral metastatic spread of testicular teratoma to mandibular condyles.

The clinical and radiological features of a patient with metastatic spread of testicular teratoma to both mandibular condyles are presented. It is suggested that in patients with known systemic malignancy, a local metastatic deposit should be considered as a possible cause of unexplained pain in the temporomandibular joints.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

An unusual dental cause of nasal discharge: a case report.

A case is reported of an unusual cause of localized nasal discharge. A 6-year-old girl presented complaining of pain and discharge from the left nostril. Clinical and radiological evaluation revealed the cause of the symptoms to be a previously asymptomatic intruded primary incisor on the floor of the nasal cavity. The tooth was removed under general anaesthesia and healing occurred without complication.

Child↗
PubMed1996

Assessment of the European classification criteria for Sjögren's syndrome in a series of clinically defined cases: results of a prospective multicentre study. The European Study Group on Diagnostic Criteria for Sjögren's Syndrome.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the recently proposed preliminary criteria for the classification of Sjögren's syndrome (SS) in a multicentre European study of a new series of clinically defined cases. METHODS: The criteria included six items: I = ocular symptoms; II = oral symptoms; III = evidence of keratoconjunctivitis sicca; IV = focal sialoadenitis by minor salivary gland biopsy; V = instrumental evidence of salivary gland involvement; VI = presence of autoantibodies. Each centre was asked to provide five patients with primary SS, five with secondary SS, five with connective tissue diseases (CTD) but without SS, and five controls (patients with ocular or oral features that may simulate SS). The preliminary six item classification criteria set was applied to both the SS patients and the non-SS controls, and the performance of the criteria in terms of sensitivity and specificity was tested. RESULTS: The criteria set was tested on a total of 278 cases (157 SS patients and 121 non-SS controls) collected from 16 centres in 10 countries. At least four of the six items in the criteria set (limiting item VI to the presence of Ro(SS-A) or La(SS-B) antibodies) were present in 79 of 81 patients initially classified as having primary SS (sensitivity 97.5%), but in only seven of 121 non-SS controls (specificity 94.2%). When the presence of item I or II plus any two of items III-V of the criteria set was considered as indicative of secondary SS, 97.3% (71 of 73) of the patients initially defined as having this disorder and 91.8% (45 of 49) of the control patients with CTD without SS were correctly classified. CONCLUSION: This prospective study confirmed the high validity and reliability of the classification criteria for SS recently proposed by the European Community Study Group.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

[Hepatitis C and dentistry. Review of the literature].

In 1988 the RNA virus responsible for the majority of cases of parenteral non A, non B hepatitis (NANBH) was isolated and designated Hepatitis C Virus (HCV). Since then, the sequence of the genome of the virus has been defined and at least 10 different types identified. Clinical studies indicate that the majority of patients who acquire HCV develop chronic hepatic disease, in particular chronic active hepatitis or cirrhosis and some of them will develop hepatocellular carcinoma. Currently, there is no effective anti-HCV therapy and no passive or active immunization protocol for HCV. Epidemiological studies indicate that HCV infection is relatively well confined to specific patient populations, in particular injecting drug users and recipients of blood and blood products. Nevertheless as HCV infection is transmitted mainly parenterally it must be regarded as a potential hazard for dental health care staff. This article reviews current knowledge concerning HCV infection with particular attention to those issues relevant to the dentists in Italy including the dental management of the HCV infected patient and the risk of HCV cross-infection in the dental environment.

Female↗
PubMed1995

LFA-3 delta D2: a novel in vivo isoform of lymphocyte function-associated antigen 3.

Lymphocyte function-associated antigen 3 (LFA-3) has previously been described as occurring as two isomers in vivo, a transmembrane (TM) form and a glycosyl phosphatidylinositol (GPI)-linked form, differing only in their membrane anchoring mechanism. A third isoform, LFA-3 delta D2, which has the cytoplasmic tail of TM LFA-3 but a truncated extracellular domain, has been identified in vitro. We report that the LFA-3 delta D2 isoform, identified by RT-PCR analysis and DNA sequencing, is also present in vivo and appears to share a signal sequence with the TM and GPI isoforms. Expression of LFA-3 delta D2 was observed in both normal and diseased human buccal mucosa and gingiva. Thus, while specific functional differences between isoforms remain to be established, our results show that LFA-3 delta D2 is constitutively expressed in vivo, along with the other, previously described, isoforms of LFA-3.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1995

Munchausen's syndrome: oral presentations.

Munchausen's syndrome is a rare psychiatric disorder in which patients repeatedly confabulate so as to cause unnecessary investigations and operative treatments to be carried out on them. Two cases are reported and the literature reviewed. The first patient complained of repeated dental pain and subsequently underwent repeated endodontic treatment; the second had salivary gland pain and glossopharyngeal neuralgia. Munchausen's syndrome can only be diagnosed by the exclusion of organic and other disease.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Emergence of azole drug resistance in Candida species from HIV-infected patients receiving prolonged fluconazole therapy for oral candidosis.

We examined the effect of different fluconazole treatment regimens on the emergence of azole drug resistance among Candida species recovered from the mouths of 54 HIV-infected individuals. Patients were assigned to one of three treatment groups depending on their history of oral candidosis and fluconazole use. Mouthwashes obtained at regular intervals were cultured and isolates identified using standard methods. Antifungal broth micro-dilution tests were performed to determine IC30s of fluconazole and ketoconazole. Sixty-four Candida albicans isolates from 20 patients with no evidence of oral candidosis who had not received fluconazole all had IC30s of < or = 4 mg/L. Thirty-four (83%) of 41 C. albicans isolates from ten patients receiving intermittent, short-term fluconazole treatment for oral candidosis had IC30s of < or = 4 mg/L, but only two isolates (5%) had IC30s > or = 64 mg/L. In contrast, 26 (40%) of 65 C. albicans isolates from 15 patients given long-term fluconazole (50-200 mg/day or 150 mg/week) were classified as resistant having IC30s of fluconazole of > or = 64 mg/L. Ten of these 26 fluconazole-resistant isolates were susceptible to ketoconazole with IC30s of < or = 4 mg/L suggesting azole drug cross-resistance is not inevitable. Tests on multiple colonies from individual isolation plates showed that it was not unusual to obtain differing IC30 values, indicating that a sweep inoculum is essential if resistance is to be detected. Nine (60%) of the 15 patients given long-term fluconazole harboured isolates of C. albicans that were resistant to fluconazole at some time during the study period. All had low CD4 counts and were approaching the final stage of their illness. Three patients on long-term treatment had resistant organisms at the outset of the study; in the remainder, resistant strains emerged during the study period. In six of the nine cases, emergence of resistance in vitro correlated with persistent clinical signs of oral infection. Thirty-six isolates of Candida species other than C. albicans were also recovered from patients receiving long-term fluconazole and 29 (81%) of these had IC30s of > or = 64 mg/L. Our experience with C. albicans in patients with HIV infection, suggests that the long-term azole drug use may be an important factor in the development of fluconazole resistance as such resistance was rare and transient in patients on intermittent short-term treatment.

Antifungal Agents↗
PubMed1995

The prevalence of clinically significant anaemia and haemoglobinopathy in children requiring dental treatment under general anaesthesia: a retrospective study of 1000 patients.

There is little information on the possible value of screening children who are liable to haemoglobinopathies as part of pre-operative assessment for dental treatment under general anaesthesia. The present retrospective investigation examined, first, the number of patients having low haemoglobin levels among 1000 patients who had undergone haematological investigation prior to general anaesthesia in a dental outpatient unit, and, secondly, the subsequent clinical management of these patients. Haemoglobin levels of 10.0 g/dl or less were found in 31 children: 13 Asian, 7 Afro-Caribbean, 5 Mediterranean, 3 Arabic, 1 white Caucasian and 2 Oriental children. In addition, 17 patients had sickle-cell trait and 2 had beta-thalassaemia trait, but there was no relationship between the presence of haemoglobinopathy and low levels of haemoglobin. The planned general anaesthesia was undertaken for 22 of the 31 children who had low levels of haemoglobin and for the 19 children with haemoglobinopathy. Only 6 children ultimately did not undergo general anaesthesia, all failing to return. It is concluded that pre-anaesthetic haematological assessment of children needing minor dental surgery is rarely of any significant clinical value.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

Biotypes of oral Candida albicans isolates in human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients from diverse geographic locations.

Oral Candida albicans isolates from HIV-infected individuals in Hong Kong, Australia, Germany and England were characterised using a biotyping system based on enzyme profiles, carbohydrate assimilation patterns and boric acid resistance of the yeasts. A total of 44 biotypes were found amongst the 117 oral C. albicans isolates examined. The major biotype A1R accounted for 17.9% of all isolates while the second commonest biotype was A1S (11.1% of isolates). Whereas these two biotypes were isolated from all the regions studied, there were a number of other biotypes unique to individual countries. The data indicate that there are many different sub-strains of oral C. albicans in HIV-infected patients, some of which are globally prevalent. However, further work is required to ascertain the diversity of oral C. albicans biotypes, if any, in health and disease.

AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections↗
PubMed1995

Expression of lymphocyte function-associated antigen 3 in oral lichen planus.

OBJECTIVE: The expression pattern of lymphocyte function-associated antigen 3 (LFA-3) in the buccal mucosa of oral lichen planus (OLP) patients was compared to that of healthy controls to investigate the possible role of LFA-3 in cell interactions within OLP lesions. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Samples of buccal mucosa from 17 clinically healthy individuals and 17 OLP lesions were analysed. Expression of LFA-3, CD2, CD3 and CD14 was visualized by an immunoperoxidase technique and assessed microscopically. RESULTS: In healthy buccal mucosa LFA-3 was expressed on keratinocytes, Langerhans cells within the epithelium and on endothelial cells in the lamina propria. In OLP patients a similar pattern of LFA-3 staining was observed. In addition, cytoplasmic LFA-3 without accompanying surface staining, was seen on a subpopulation of macrophage-like cells. Substantial amounts of LFA-3 also appeared to be associated with non-cellular components of the extracellular matrix within the inflammatory infiltrate. CONCLUSIONS: We have obtained evidence for a previously undescribed localization of LFA-3 within macrophages, and have observed that expression of LFA-3 is apparently elevated within OLP lesions. LFA-3 may play an important role in the pathogenesis of OLP.

CD2 Antigens↗
PubMed1995

Cross-infection compliance of UK dental staff and students.

OBJECTIVES: The objectives of the study were to determine the compliance of a group of dental health care workers and students in aspects of cross-infection control. DESIGN: The dentists and dental students working in a dental clinic were observed by a 'hidden' ceiling-mounted video camera. Procedures were recorded onto videotape and the actions of the observed clinicians and students assessed by two suitably qualified assessors. SETTING: An emergency Oral Medicine clinic in a dental hospital. SUBJECTS: Seventy nine dentists and 35 dental undergraduates. METHODS: The action of staff and students were recorded on videotape and assessed retrospectively. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Degree of compliance with recognised infection control policies. RESULTS: Compliance with recommended guidelines for control of cross-infection was poor. In only 56% of health care worker-patient contacts were protective gloves changed between patients. Facemasks and protective eyewear were only worn in 38% and 29% of such contacts respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Compliance with cross-infection control measures are poor in dentistry--even when clinicians are provided with appropriate facilities.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗
PubMed1995

Levels of serum IgG against Porphyromonas gingivalis in patients with rapidly progressive periodontitis, rheumatoid arthritis and adult periodontitis.

Levels of serum IgG against Porphyromonas gingivalis cell sonicate were determined in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) (n = 25), rapidly progressive periodontitis (RPP)(n = 25) and adult periodontitis (AP)(n = 15) and controls (HP)(n = 10) utilizing the ELISA technique. Comparison between groups showed no significant differences between the HP and RA groups and also between the RPP and AP groups. The increased levels of IgG in the RPP and AP groups were comparable. Significant differences in IgG levels were noted between HP and RPP (p<0.05) and between HP and AP (p<0.01). The differences between RA and RPP and between RA and AP were highly significant (p<0.0001). Thus it was revealed that the serum levels of IgG against P. gingivalis in RPP and AP patients were elevated, whereas the levels in RA patients were comparable to those in controls.

Adult↗