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Biomedical subjects

S R Naik

Publications and source records attributed to S R Naik.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1995

Toxicological profile of aureofungin: a potent plant antifungal antibiotic.

Aureofungin is a heptaene type of antifungal antibiotic used for controlling plant fungal infections and diseases, during pre and post harvesting period of various crops. Acute and subacute oral toxicity of aureofungin in rats was studied along with haematological, urine analysis and other biochemical parameters related to liver and kidney organ functions. The results of these studies indicate mild toxic symptoms at higher doses which were reversible following its withdrawal.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Correlation of 24-hr esophageal pH patterns with clinical features and endoscopy in gastroesophageal reflux disease.

We performed 24-hr ambulatory esophageal pH monitoring in north Indian patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and correlated it with symptom severity and endoscopic abnormalities. Thirty-six consecutive patients with symptomatic GERD and 16 healthy volunteers underwent objective grading of clinical symptoms and endoscopic findings. Total, supine, and upright reflux periods as well as frequency and duration of reflux episodes were determined from the 24-h pH-metry record using standard software. This was abnormal in 32 patients, who could be categorized into upright refluxers (31.2%), supine refluxers (34.4%), and combined refluxers (34.4%). Supine reflux and upright reflux were distinct entities that did not correlate with each other (r = 0.22, P = NS). In upright refluxers, symptoms (P < 0.02) and endoscopic abnormalities (P < 0.005) were milder than in combined refluxers. Total duration of acid exposure correlated significantly with severity of symptoms (P < 0.001) and endoscopic esophagitis (P < 0.005). Patients with GERD had three distinct patterns of abnormal gastroesophageal reflux, with upright refluxers having milder disease and supine and combined refluxers having more severe disease. This may reflect differences in underlying mechanisms of reflux.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Hepatitis E: intrafamilial transmission versus waterborne spread.

The relative significance of intrafamilial transmission and continued water contamination in the spread of hepatitis E is not known. To resolve this question, two surveys were conducted during a large bimodal waterborne epidemic of hepatitis E in Kanpur, India, affecting an estimated 79,000 persons: i) April 1991: covering 420 houses (60 houses each in seven municipal wards) selected using multistage sampling and random number tables, and ii) May 1992: covering the same families in five municipal wards with incidence rates exceeding 1.5% in the first survey. The number of affected cases in each family and the time of onset of disease in each case were recorded. The time interval between the first ('index') case and the subsequent ('later') case(s) in each family was calculated. The temporal relationship of the occurrence of cases was correlated with the time of control of water contamination. One hundred and eleven hepatitis cases occurred in the 343 families (with 2018 members) studied. Eighty-one of these were single or first cases in their families. Twenty-two 'later' cases occurred within 2 weeks (minimum incubation period of hepatitis E) of the 'index' cases and could not be due to intrafamilial transmission. Thus, 103 of 111 (92.8%) cases were due to primary waterborne infection. Eight 'later' cases (7.2% of 111) that occurred 2-6 weeks after the index cases could be due either to direct spread or to intrafamilial transmission. No 'later' case occurred more than 6 weeks after the 'index' cases. New cases stopped appearing 9 weeks (upper limit of incubation period of hepatitis E) after steps to check water contamination were taken.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

Seroreactivity and genomic amplification profile of hepatitis C virus from patients with chronic liver disease in India.

Patients with chronic liver disease were screened initially for antibodies to the hepatitis C virus using commercially available assay systems. Positive sera were tested for amplification of the 5' noncoding region, and putative structural and nonstructural genomic regions of hepatitis C virus by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. Eight out of 22 patients who were seropositive showed presence of viral RNA by amplification from genomic regions. Sera from four subjects showed amplification of the 5' noncoding region, a different serum showed amplification of the capsid region, and three other sera showed amplification of the nonstructural genomic region of the virus. An amplification profile of the RNA-positive samples suggests genomic sequence divergence of hepatitis C virus circulating among Indian patients.

Base Sequence↗
PubMed1994

Strip ELISA for the detection of IgG antibodies to Toxoplasma gondii.

An enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) has been developed using a polycarbonate coated strip and penicillinase for the detection of IgG antibodies to T. gondii. Of 40 serum samples from patients clinically suspected to have toxoplasma infection, 24 were positive for IgG antibodies to T. gondii. Strip ELISA showed 95.83 per cent sensitivity and 89.4 per cent specificity. This method is simple (end result assessed visually), sensitive (detection of antitoxoplasma IgG antibodies to a level of 15 IU/ml) and reproducible (5.9 and 11.6 intra and inter percentage of coefficient of variation respectively).

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Synthesis and antimicrobial activities of some new quinolonyl-3'-penicillin and 4'-cephalosporin derivatives.

A number of quinolonyl-3'-penicillin and 4'-cephalosporin derivatives have been synthesised incorporating imino group of fluoroquinolone antibacterials, viz. norfloxacin and ciprofloxacin, into carboxylic acid group of a number of semisynthetic penicillins and cephalosporins via their mixed anhydride, thereby forming an amide linkage at 3 and 4 position of the penicillin and cephalosporin component, respectively. The structure of these compounds was confirmed by spectral data and elemental analysis. The antibacterial activity of the compounds in vitro were investigated against some bacterial strains by agar plate diffusion method. While most of the compounds showed broad spectrum activity, compounds VIa and VIb exhibited higher activity against Ps. aeruginosa, K. pneumoniae and S. aureus than that of norfloxacin suggesting a dual mode of action. No untoward reaction was observed during toxicity studies of the compounds upto 1 g/kg body weight by oral route in albino mice.

4-Quinolones↗
PubMed1993

Halothane-induced fulminant hepatic failure.

Fulminant hepatic failure developed in the early post-operative period in a patient after third exposure to halothane. Exclusion of other causes of post-operative jaundice and temporal relationship of jaundice to anesthesia suggested halothane as the etiologic agent for the submassive necrosis, which was documented at postmortem liver biopsy.

Halothane↗
PubMed1993

Inhibition of lipid peroxidation by piperine during experimental inflammation in rats.

Carrageenin induced rat paw oedema shows a direct co-relationship with liver lipid peroxidation and not with kidney or brain. Pretreatment with piperine or oxyphenylbutazone reduced the liver lipid peroxidation, acid phosphatase and oedema induced by carrageenin. However, no such co-relationship was observed with treatment of these anti-inflammatory agents in control animals. It is, therefore, suggested that the inhibition of these liver enzymes is non specific in nature.

Alkaloids↗
PubMed1993

Magnetic resonance imaging and localized in vivo proton spectroscopy in patients with fulminant hepatic failure.

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and in vivo proton spectroscopic changes in the brain in three patients with fulminant hepatic failure are described. MRI showed cerebral atrophy in two and changes somewhat similar to what have been described in chronic hepatic encephalopathy. MR spectroscopy showed low myoinositol with high glutamine in grade IV coma, which returned to normal as patient showed clinical recovery. We conclude that these techniques will be useful in understanding the complex pathophysiology of fulminant hepatic failure.

Adult↗