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S R Moore

Publications and source records attributed to S R Moore.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1999

Spontaneous mutation frequency and pattern in Big Blue mice fed a vitamin E-supplemented diet.

Endogenous oxidative DNA damage caused by normal cellular processes may play a vital role in carcinogenesis. To directly test the hypothesis that antioxidants will protect DNA from oxidative damage in vivo, Big Blue((R)) mice were fed either a control diet (66 IU vitamin E/kg diet) or a high-dose vitamin E diet containing 1000 IU vitamin E/kg diet of racemic d,l-alpha-tocopherol acetate from conception until 3 months of age. Using the standard Big Blue((R)) protocol, 15.5 million plaque forming units (pfu) were examined from five tissues (heart, liver, adipose tissue, thymus, and testis) of three control and three high-dose vitamin E supplemented male mice generating 433 mutants, which represented 373 independent mutations upon sequencing the lacI transgene. The alpha-tocopherol tissue concentration increased with high-dose vitamin E supplementation. In four of the tissues, individually or combined, mutation frequency changed little if any with vitamin E supplementation. In adipose tissue, which accumulated the highest levels of vitamin E, mutation frequency was significantly reduced with high-dose vitamin E supplementation (P = 0.047). Within the constraints of sample size, the pattern of mutation in adipose tissue was not altered significantly (P = 0.40). When data from all tissues were combined, a reduction in G:C --> T:A transversions was observed (P = 0.044). These results may have implications for cancer chemoprevention and provide insight into the efficacy of vitamin E supplementation in reducing spontaneous oxidative DNA damage in vivo. More dramatic alterations of mutation frequency and pattern may be observed with higher doses of vitamin E and substitution of the racemic supplement with d-alpha-tocopherol acetate.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

Maternal epigenetics and methyl supplements affect agouti gene expression in Avy/a mice.

'Viable yellow' (Avy/a) mice are larger, obese, hyperinsulinemic, more susceptible to cancer, and, on average, shorter lived than their non-yellow siblings. They are epigenetic mosaics ranging from a yellow phenotype with maximum ectopic agouti overexpression, through a continuum of mottled agouti/yellow phenotypes with partial agouti overexpression, to a pseudoagouti phenotype with minimal ectopic expression. Pseudoagouti Avy/a mice are lean, healthy, and longer lived than their yellow siblings. Here we report that feeding pregnant black a/a dams methyl-supplemented diets alters epigenetic regulation of agouti expression in their offspring, as indicated by increased agouti/black mottling in the direction of the pseudoagouti phenotype. We also present confirmatory evidence that epigenetic phenotypes are maternally heritable. Thus Avy expression, already known to be modulated by imprinting, strain-specific modification, and maternal epigenetic inheritance, is also modulated by maternal diet. These observations suggest, at least in this special case, that maternal dietary supplementation may positively affect health and longevity of the offspring. Therefore, this experimental system should be useful for identifying maternal factors that modulate epigenetic mechanisms, especially DNA methylation, in developing embryos.

5-Methylcytosine↗
PubMed1997

Combined neuromuscular electrical stimulation and transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation for treatment of chronic back pain: a double-blind, repeated measures comparison.

OBJECTIVES: A preliminary examination of NMES and combined NMES/TENS for the management of chronic back pain. DESIGN: Double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized repeated measures. SUBJECTS AND SETTING: Consecutive sample of 24 chronic back pain patients (16 women and 8 men) attending an outpatient pain clinic (mean age 51.67 years, mean pain duration 3.83 years). All treatments were administered at home. INTERVENTIONS: Subjects self-administered NMES, combined NMES/TENS, TENS, and placebo treatments. Each treatment had a duration of 5 consecutive hours per day over 2 consecutive days, with a 2-day hiatus between treatments to minimize carryover effects. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Pain reduction was assessed through pretreatment to posttreatment differences on the Present Pain Intensity (PPI) scale, and a visual analogue scale of Pain Intensity (VAS-I). Posttreatment pain relief was assessed using a visual analogue scale of Pain Relief (VAS-R). RESULTS: Combined treatment, NMES, and TENS each produced significant pretreatment to posttreatment reductions in pain intensity as measured by both the PPI and VAS-I (p < .05). Combined treatment was superior to placebo on pain reduction (p = .001, p = .016) as well as pain relief (p < .001). Combined treatment was also superior to both TENS and NMES for pain reduction and pain relief (p < .01). NMES and TENS were superior only to placebo for pain relief (p < .001). CONCLUSIONS: Combined NMES/TENS treatment consistently produced greater pain reduction and pain relief than placebo, TENS, or NMES. NMES alone, although less effective, did produce as much pain relief as TENS. Although preliminary, this pattern of results suggests that combined NMES/TENS may be a valuable adjunct in the management of chronic back pain. Further research investigating the effectiveness of both NMES and combined NMES/TENS seems warranted.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

A self report measure of affective lability.

OBJECTIVES: The development and validation of the Center for Neurologic Study-Lability Scale (CNS-LS), the first self report measure of affective lability in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). METHODS: Potential questionnaire items were identified through interviews with patients and families and expert review. Potential items, as well as measures of affect intensity, affective lability in psychopathology, and depression were administered to 99 patients with ALS for item selection and the examination of factor structure and construct validity. Test-retest reliability was examined using an additional sample of 31 patients with ALS, and criterion related validity was examined by comparing CNS-LS scores with physicians' diagnoses of affective lability in a sample of 77 patients with ALS. RESULTS: A seven item questionnaire emerged, composed of two subscales measuring labile laughter (four items) and labile tearfulness (three items). The CNS-LS showed a pattern of associations with affect intensity, affective lability in psychopathology, and depression consistent with a scale measuring affective lability. The CNS-LS also showed good test-retest reliability and internal consistency, and successfully predicted physicians' diagnoses of affective lability. An auxiliary subscale measuring labile frustration, anger, and impatience also emerged. CONCLUSIONS: The CNS-LS is a short, easily administered, and psychometrically sound measure of affective lability for use with patients with ALS. It has potential applications as both a clinical screening device and a research tool. The need for future research into the relation of depression as well as labile frustration, anger, and impatience to the syndrome of affective lability in neurological disorders is discussed.

Affect↗
PubMed1997

Changing patterns of vasculature in the developing amphibian retina.

Patterns of vascularisation were examined in whole-mounted retinae from tadpole stages to adulthood in the tree frog Litoria moorei using perfusion with Indian ink. Changing cell densities in the underlying ganglion cell layer were studied in a parallel Cresyl-stained series. Throughout development, the vasculature was pan-retinal and the hyaloid vessel was prominent. In early tadpole stages, capillaries were arranged as a honeycomb, and their number increased at a rate sufficient to maintain high densities in the face of increasing retinal area; major arteries and veins condensed within the capillary network. By early post-metamorphic life, the retinal vasculature was remodelled by the loss of four-fifths of the capillaries; the reduction in their density was far greater than could be accounted for by continuing retinal growth. This loss resulted in a change from the honeycomb appearance to one with largely parallel vessels linked by fewer connecting ones, an arrangement that became increasingly pronounced. In post-metamorphic life, the number of branch points increased such that their density decreased only slightly in the face of considerable increases in retinal area. The density of branch points varied across the retina and changed with age. Initially, the vasculature was most dense centrally, but by mid-larval life densities were highest in two patches located in the mid-temporal and mid-nasal retina. Thereafter, the vasculature increasingly assumed gradients resembling an area centralis and visual streak, a profile that survived the vascular remodelling. The development of density gradients in the vasculature preceded that of cells in the ganglion cell layer, the latter appearing only following metamorphosis. However, in post-metamorphic life, the topographies of the retinal vasculature and cells in the ganglion cell layer were closely related.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

Development and aging of cell topography in the human retinal pigment epithelium.

PURPOSE: To determine how regional cell density of this tissue changes with age, the authors examined the topography of the human retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) in wholemounted tissue obtained from eyes aged 12 to 89 years, donated for corneas. METHODS: The RPE, with choroid attached, was wholemounted and stained with cresyl violet. From these preparations, the authors analyzed retinal area, RPE cell number, and cell density. RESULTS: Retinal pigment epithelial cell number is highly variable between persons but does not appear to be age related. Retinal area increases until approximately 30 years of age, but beyond this age individual variation masks further enlargement. The distinctive topography of the RPE changes markedly with age. There is a modification from the relatively homogeneous cell density distribution in the youngest retinas examined toward a more heterogeneous pattern in older retinas. From mid-adolescence, a band of larger cells appears at the extreme periphery, adjacent to the ora serrata, which gradually widens so that by 90 years of age, it occupies the outermost 30% of the retinal area. Cell density is highest in the central temporal retina, adjacent to the macula in the neural retina, throughout life. Cell density values in this region increase slightly with age, and the difference between this and surrounding regions becomes more marked with age. CONCLUSIONS: With no marked change in total cell number, peripheral RPE in humans enlarges in area throughout life, but the RPE in more central regions decreases in area.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

Microglial responses to focal lesions of the rabbit retina: correlation with neural and macroglial reactions.

There is a very wide spread Müller glial response to focal laser photocoagulation lesions in the rabbit retina. In this study we have described the microglial response to similar lesions and compared this with the Müller and retinal ganglion cell responses. Microglia were labelled using nucleoside di-phosphatase histochemistry in adult rabbit retinal wholemounts and compared with axonal and Müller cell responses as shown respectively by neurofilament and GFAP immunohistochemistry. In the normal retina, microglia were located in the nerve fibre layer (NFL), inner plexiform layer (IPL), and sparsely in the outer plexiform layer (OPL). Following laser photocoagulation each layer reacted differently. The NFL reaction was exclusively associated with axonal degeneration, as shown by abnormal neurofilament label, and therefore only started several days after injury. In the IPL, neighbouring microglial cells directed their processes towards the lesion by 2 h and had migrated into the lesion by 6 h, but the reaction did not extend more than 2-3 cell diameters from the lesion and was over by 7 days. In the OPL the cell density increased by 1-2 days over a few millimeters from the lesion. The Müller cells expressed GFAP for several millimeters from the lesion starting at 24 h and persisting for over one month and therefore the correlation with the microglial reaction was poor. The different reaction in each retinal layer is evidence that microglial responses are modulated by local factors, probably mainly by contact with injured retinal elements as well as diffusable factors.

Acid Anhydride Hydrolases↗
PubMed1996

Viewers' ratings of violence presented in justified and unjustified contexts.

Viewers' rating of violence were investigated in an independent groups design using 147 undergraduate students. A 10-min. film clip was introduced to one group (n = 77) to provide justification for the violent events. The second group (n = 70) acted as a control with no justification given for the violence. Viewers of the justified violence rated that violence as less extreme, and their interest and involvement in the program significantly lower than viewers in the unjustified violence condition. Pre- to posttest increases in anger were small and no significant difference was found between the two groups. These results have important implications for reports of violence in the media.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Strain differences in the distribution of NDP-ase labelled microglia in the normal rabbit retina.

Nucleoside diphosphatase (NDP-ase) labelled microglial cells were examined in retinas of three strains of rabbit, the New Zealand White (albino), the Canberra Half-Lop, and the Dutch Belted. The distribution in the nerve fibre and inner plexiform layers was similar in all strains. However, the outer plexiform layer (OPL) of Dutch-Belted rabbits was completely covered with a population of non-overlapping NDP-ase positive microglia while the OPL of New Zealand White and Half-Lop strains contained only occasional isolated cells. In the Dutch-Belted strain the area covered by the processes of each cell was less in central than peripheral retina where the cell density was lower. In the central retina of the New Zealand White and Half-Lop strains the cells covered an area similar to that of peripheral Dutch-Belted cells, suggesting that they were at a low density and there was no hidden population of cells. This finding was confirmed by Griffonia simplicifolia lectin labelling. Therefore the data is consistent with there being a strain variation in OPL microglia. The intensity of NDP-ase label in the IPL and GCL was less in the New Zealand White and Half-Lop strains and although the intensity increased after retinal injury it never reached that of the Dutch-Belted retinas. These variations in the intensity of NDP-ase expression and the localization of microglial cells may be important in inflammation and also for CNS function.

Acid Anhydride Hydrolases↗
PubMed1994

The potential for the use of personal computers in clinical forensic medicine.

This paper describes the use of a personal computer in clinical forensic medicine. It shows how a database can be easily created, updated for each new case by unqualified personnel, and then used to provide statistical data with a minimum resource input, without the need for great computer expertise. Databases will only recognise exactly identical abbreviations. Once created they can cross-reference data and provide individually tailored statistics. Registration with the Data Protection Agency is required in the UK in order to hold personal information on file. The results of 2201 cases entered on the database of one forensic physician show high levels of drug and alcohol abuse co-existing with unemployment and homelessness. 53% of individuals brought to police stations as a place of safety (under Section 136 of the Mental Health Act 1983) were in need of admission to a psychiatric hospital. 12% of those individuals were of no fixed abode. The potential for a national database linking forensic physicians on a national basis, pooling their data thereby creating a powerful statistical tool is clear.

Journal Article↗