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Biomedical subjects

S R Kaplan

Publications and source records attributed to S R Kaplan.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

Pathologic involvement of the urinary bladder in progressive systemic sclerosis.

We describe 2 patients with progressive systemic sclerosis (PSS) who manifested characteristic pathologic abnormalities in the urinary bladder. Increased connective tissue deposition in the lamina propria and between smooth muscle bundles was demonstrated in both patients and endovascular proliferation in small arteries of the bladder was noted in one patient. Both patients had persistent unexplained microscopic hematuria; one patient manifested urinary frequency and incontinence. The relationship of these clinical abnormalities to the pathologic findings in the bladder is unclear. Structural or functional abnormalities of the urinary bladder may develop in patients with PSS.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Radiographic appearance of the sternomanubrial joint in arthritis and related conditions.

The sternomanubrial joint (SMJ) was evaluated on the lateral chest radiograph in 177 patients with rheumatic disease and 69 non-rheumatic controls. Abnormalities were categorized as inflammatory changes, proliferative changes, or bone fusion. Patients with rheumatoid arthritis, psoriatic arthritis, or gout were found to have an increased incidence of inflammatory changes. Rheumatoid variants predisposed to early fusion of the SMJ. Patients with diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis (DISH) exhibited massive and unique hyperostotic changes.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Effect of heavy metals on human rheumatoid synovial cell proliferation and collagen synthesis.

The dose-dependent effects of heavy metals on cell proliferation, collagen synthesis, and non-collagen protein synthesis were studied in early passage cultures of human synovial cells exposed to 1-100 microM concentration of gold, silver, mercury, cadmium or lead for 5 days. The incorporation of [3H]thymidine into trichloroacetic acid insoluble material was inhibited 50% by each of the heavy metals at concentrations between 1 and 10 microM. Gold, lead and mercury (10 microM) decreased the DNA content of the cultures by less than 15%; silver (10 microM) and cadmium (10 microM) resulted in decreased DNA content, which was attributed to cytotoxicity. A dose-dependent inhibition of [3H]proline incorporation into bacterial collagenase resistant (non-collagen) protein was observed after incubation with 10 microM mercury, lead and silver. During incubations with 10 microM gold and cadmium, collagenase resistant protein accumulation increased. All the heavy metals except for gold inhibited collagen accumulation to a greater extent than non-collagen protein accumulation. Gold (10 microM) stimulated the amount of collagen produced per cell, and the percentage of collagen to total protein was increased 50%. The rate of collagen accumulation in medium decreased during incubation with 10 microM silver, mercury, cadmium and lead. The stimulation of collagen synthesis may be a unique property of gold related to the therapeutic indices of gold, compared to other heavy metals, in rheumatoid arthritis.

Arthritis, Rheumatoid↗
PubMed1982

Community stressors, mediating conditions and wellbeing in urban neighborhoods.

Individual and community measures of stress are related to the presence of depression/demoralization symptoms (Feeling Bad), to positive Wellbeing (Feeling Good) and to the combination of these two (Wellbeing), in an urban sample of 549 adults. The mediation and moderation of these effects by indicators of social support, evaluation of status, and belief variables intended to measure aspects of individual coping tendencies are examined and tested. The findings suggest the absence of moderating effects of any of the support and coping variables on each stressor or on the effects of stressors on Feeling Bad, Feeling Good, and Wellbeing. A number of the variables do, however, have significant main effects, and thus appear to operate directly on the dependent variables, regardless of the presence or level of stress. Differences between apparent effects on Feeling Good and Feeling Bad and the increase in effects for the combination measure are discussed.

Factor Analysis, Statistical↗
PubMed1982

The effect of lymphokines on proliferation and collagen synthesis of cultured human synovial cells.

Human mononuclear cell supernatants were obtained by incubating 3 X 10(6) cells per ml of Dulbecco's modified Eagles medium at 37 degrees C for 24 h or 48 h, either in presence or absence of phytohaemagglutinin. After removal of intact cells, the supernatants were dialysed and diluted (1:1, 1:2, 1:5, 1:10) again using the above medium. The diluted supernatants, containing a final concentration of 10% (v/v) human platelet-factor poor serum, were found to stimulate the proliferation of human synovial cells in culture and to increase both the total amount of collagen and the percentage of Type III collagen synthesized by these cells. Incubation of the mononuclear cells in presence of phytohaemagglutinin appeared to further enhance the stimulatory effects of the supernatants upon the synovial cells. Since activated mononuclear leucocytes such as lymphocytes and macrophages are present in rheumatoid synovia, this study suggests that factors released from activated mononuclear leucocytes may play an important role in the proliferation of rheumatoid synovial tissue and development of the pannus.

Aged↗
PubMed1981

Rheumatology education in United States medical school.

Although rheumatology manpower in United States medical schools has dramatically increased in the past decade, 13% of medical schools did not have a full-time staff rheumatologist in 1980. Thirty-eight percent of medical schools had 2 or less full-time rheumatologists. Staff rheumatologists and rheumatology fellows provided the majority of medical student education in the clinical aspects of rheumatic disease; however, rheumatologists in less than 50% of medical schools taught in the basic science curriculum or in related fields such as collagen biochemistry, metabolic bone disease, and orthopedic intervention in arthritis. The staff rheumatologists' time commitment to medical student education was inversely proportional to the rheumatology faculty size. At medical schools with no rheumatologists, however, there was little, if any, formal education in the rheumatic diseases. Most subjects are taught in systems-oriented lectures. Education is currently limited to the common rheumatic conditions such as bursitis and back pain. Only 62% of medical schools provide a structured course on the musculoskeletal examination. Elective rotations in rheumatology, usually offered in the third or fourth year, are currently being provided to only 15% of U.S. medical students.

Curriculum↗
PubMed1981

A mechanism of action of gold sodium thiomalate in diseases characterized by a proliferative synovitis: reversible changes in collagen production in cultured human synovial cells.

These studies, conducted on early passage synovial cell mono-layers (derived from explant cultures of tissue obtained from patients with rheumatoid arthritis), have established that gold sodium thiomalate (GST) exposure results in dose-dependent changes in cell proliferation and protein synthesis as a consequence of the cellular accumulation of gold. The amount of gold found in the cell layer is correlated with the degree of inhibition of [3H]thymidine incorporation. Gold remains in the cell layer of treated cells after they have been subcultured twice in the absence of GST. Exposure of cells to a concentration of GST of 100 muM for 4 days results in 50% inhibition of [3H]thymidine incorporation. This antiproliferative effect is reversible at concentrations of 10 muM GST or less. Only partial recovery is observed after exposure to higher concentrations of GST which may be related to retained gold. The amount of collagen and noncollagen protein synthesized per cell increases at concentrations of GST of 10 muM and below but decreases with concentrations above 10 muM. A dose-dependent decrease in protein synthesized per flask and a decrease in the commitment to synthesize collagen relative to total protein synthesis follows exposure to GST in excess of 10 muM for 20 days which recovers partially after synovial cells are grown in GST-free medium for 10 days. An observed decrease in the percentage of type III collagen synthesized by synovial cells after GST exposure was not observed in cells grown in GST-free medium for 5 days after exposure, indicating that this effect of collagen synthesis is reversible. The reversible biochemical changes resulting from the exposure of cultured human synovial cells to GST are discussed as a mechanism of action of this drug on the proliferative synovitis that characterizes diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis.

Anti-Inflammatory Agents↗
PubMed1980

Pseudo-mitral-valve echogram following prosthetic mitral valve replacement.

Echocardiographic recordings from a patient with a prosthetic mitral valve revealed echoes within the left ventricular cavity that mimicked the motion pattern of a "normal" anterior mitral leaflet. The echo pattern was continuous, recorded from multiple views, and by two-dimensional images it was localized to the level of the papillary muscles. Although thrombus and vegetation are possibilities, this echo probably originates from a pliable chordal structure severed but not removed at the time of surgery. The apparent responsiveness to hemodynamic influences was striking, and we suggest that the prevalence and pathophysiologic implications of such findings are of potential import.

Aged↗
PubMed1979

Successful therapy of crystalcryoglobulinemia: a case report.

Successful therapy for a case of multiple myeloma with a spontaneously crystallizing cryoglobulin of the IgG2-kappa light chain variety was achieved, using both continuous-flow cell centrifugation plasmapheresis to rapidly lower the M component and combination chemotherapy with phenylalanine mustard, prednisone, procarbazine, and vincristine to control the myeloma process. This resulted in resolution of incapacitating large and small necrotic cutaneous ulcerations of the extremities. Physicochemical studies of the crystalcryoprotein demonstrated that cryoprecipitation was rapid and accompanied by the formation of needle-shaped crystals, yet was completely reversible at 37 degrees C. Cryocrit determinations varied depending upon relative centrifugal forces and temperature and did not always relate linearly to the amount of abnormal protein, thus making these alone unreliable in assessing response to therapy.

Antineoplastic Agents↗
PubMed1979

Effect of ascorbic acid on prolyl hydroxylase activity, collagen hydroxylation and collagen synthesis in human synovial cells in culture.

Synovial cells derived from patients with either rheumatoid arthritis, or simple joint-trauma were grown in tissue culture. The rheumatoid osteoarthritic and non-arthritic synovial cells in cultured all had similar levels of prolyl hydroxylase activity. Following a 3 hour incubation with ascorbate (10(-4)M), prolyl hydroxylase activity was elevated to a similar extent in all synovial cell cultures examined. The activation of prolyl hydroxylase by ascorbate (10(-4)M) was accompanied by increased radioactive hydroxyproline formation and secretion into the media. Increased amounts of collagenase degradable radioactive protein were also secreted into the media, but no changes in total collagen synthesis (media plus cell layer) were observed as a result of ascorbate supplementation using this assay system.

Arthritis, Rheumatoid↗