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Biomedical subjects

S R Jenkins

Publications and source records attributed to S R Jenkins.

30 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

Descriptive epidemiology from an epizootic of raccoon rabies in the Middle Atlantic States, 1982-1983.

During 1982 and 1983, the Centers for Disease Control and cooperating Middle Atlantic States and local health departments collected data on 1,610 raccoons that were submitted for rabies testing and on 133 persons who received rabies postexposure prophylaxis as a result of exposure to wild animals. Raccoons were found most commonly in yards and residential areas. Raccoons that were killed by private citizens, animal-control personnel, or dogs had the highest positivity rate (70%), and those that were trapped had the lowest (9%). Raccoons that were found during the day or that exhibited abnormal behavior and those that had interacted with a domestic animal were more likely to be rabid. Examination of the data on human exposure disclosed that many exposures could have been avoided or prevented. Almost 50% of postexposure treatments were administered to persons whose actual risk of exposure was low or nonexistent.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Rabies in rodents and lagomorphs in the United States, 1971-1984: increased cases in the woodchuck (Marmota monax) in mid-Atlantic states.

A review of surveillance data on animal rabies from the Centers for Disease Control revealed 104 cases of rabies in rodents and lagomorphs for 1971 through 1984 in the United States; 80% of these were reported between 1980 and 1984. Woodchucks (Marmota monax) accounted for 64% of the cases. Most of the cases of rabies in woodchucks were associated with an epizootic of rabies in raccoons (Procyon lotor) in the mid-Atlantic states. In rabies endemic areas, humans exposed to woodchucks should receive rabies postexposure prophylaxis if the animal is not available for testing. The decision to administer postexposure prophylaxis to humans exposed to other rodents and lagomorphs should take into consideration the epidemiology of rabies in the exposing species.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Rabies in the United States and Canada, 1983.

Primarily as a result of organized canine rabies vaccination, leash laws, and other preventive procedures aimed at the canine population, the number of rabid dogs decreased markedly in the last thirty years (Figure 10). This decrease was accompanied by a similar marked reduction in human rabies (Table 2, Figure 11). As domestic animal rabies declined, rabies in wildlife increased. Since 1958 the number of cases of rabid wildlife surpassed domestic rabies cases, and today they account for over 85% of all reported rabies cases. In 1983, a total of 5,880 laboratory-confirmed cases of rabies in the United States and its territories were reported to CDC-a decline of 398 cases compared with 1982 (7) (Table 1). The total number of cases decreased for the second consecutive year. The 13% decline in 1982 was followed by a 6.4% decline in 1983. This decrease in cases, however, was not reported by all states. The four Mid-Atlantic states--Maryland, Pennsylvania, Virginia, and West Virginia--and the District of Columbia actually experienced an 83% increase in cases. These states and the District of Columbia reported 1,903 cases in 1983 (compared with 1,040 cases in 1982) which accounted for approximately one-third (32.4%) of all rabies cases nationally.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Questioning current definitions of gender identity: implications of the Bem Sex-Role Inventory for transsexuals.

To examine the relationship between sex role and gender identity, the Bem Sex-Role Inventory (BSRI) was given to 72 self-defined transsexuals [55 male-to-female (M-F), 17 female-to-male (F-M)]. The F-Ms scored primarily masculine sex typed (six) or androgynous (six). The modal M-F scored faminine sex typed (33). The distribution of F-Ms across the four BSRI categories did not differ significantly from Bem's normative college student male distribution [chi2(3) = 2.30, p greater than 0.50] but was marginally different from that of Bem's females [chi2(3) = 6.45, p less than 0.10]. The distribution of M-Fs was significantly different from that of both college females [chi2(3) = 19.71, p less than 0.001] and males [chi2 (3) = 88.72, p less than 0.0001], because of the very high proportion of feminine sex-typed M-Fs. Psychometric data on the BSRI are presented. The score patterns of the transsexuals are compared to those from the clinical literature, and implications of the data for the relationship between gender identity and sex role are discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Ecology and epidemiology of raccoon rabies.

Two areas of the United States presently are experiencing epizootics of raccoon rabies, which have been followed by the development of an enzootic state. These include four southeastern and five mid-Atlantic states. Information was obtained from 1,610 raccoons submitted for rabies testing in four of the affected mid-Atlantic states during 1982 and 1983 and from 798 raccoons from Virginia during 1984 and 1985. Analysis of the two sets of data provided an opportunity to characterize certain aspects of the epizootic. Raccoons collected during the day or at dusk and those that behaved abnormally were more likely to be rabid. Many human exposures to raccoons were preventable or may not have necessitated treatment. Eight (3%) of 291 serum samples from raccoons in an epizootic area had titers of antibody to rabies virus (complete neutralization) of greater than or equal to 1:25. Field trials of baiting systems incorporating an oral raccoon rabies vaccine are being conducted in Virginia, Washington, D.C., and Pennsylvania.

Animals↗