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Biomedical subjects

S R Ell

Publications and source records attributed to S R Ell.

53 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1984

Five hundred years of specialty certification and compulsory continuing medical education. Venice 1300-1801.

From 1300 to 1801, Venice required an early form of specialty certification for medical practice and the yearly attendance of refresher courses in anatomy by all licensed practitioners in the city. The latter requirement provoked ingenious evasions, which the Venetian government continually tried to overcome. This article describes the system and its implementation, based on Venetian archival documents.

Certification↗
PubMed1981

Spectrum of lymphoid hyperplasia: colonic manifestations of sarcoidosis, infectious mononucleosis, and Crohn's disease.

The radiographic pattern of nodular lymphoid hyperplasia, perhaps better called the lymphoid follicular pattern, has variously been described as an indication of disease and as a normal variant in the adult, with current opinion favoring the latter. We report 3 cases wherein this pattern resulted from definite pathologic processes: sarcoidosis, infectious mononucleosis, and Crohn's disease. Although usually of no pathological significance, the benign follicular pattern may reflect a variety of diseases.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Three days in October of 1630: detailed examination of mortality during an early modern plague epidemic in Venice.

The epidemiology of medieval and early modern European plague remains highly controversial. It now seems likely that the epidemiology was not uniform throughout either the geographic or temporal boundaries of the plague in Western Europe. The Venetian plague of 1630 was extensively documented; day-by-day records were kept, and each mortality in the city was recorded in a set format. The days 23-25 October 1630, representing a period when mortality was beginning to increase sharply, are examined. In all, 1,163 deaths were recorded. They show a large preponderance of women; a mean age of 28, but a majority of cases clumped between ages 0 and 25 years; and an unequal sex ratio among children. Further, there was an identifiable smallpox epidemic raging simultaneously with plague, and more than one-quarter of all the deaths in this period of high mortality were clearly due to nonplague causes. Deaths due to wounds and associated with violence were prominent in one parish, which suggests that in times of plague the breakdown in the normal machinery of government, in everyday patterns of life, and possibly of mental well being resulted in an even more exaggerated death toll. These factors--violence, accidents, and other epidemics--have never been so definitively tied to a European plague epidemic. In addition, there are hints that plague has a marked proclivity to kill pregnant women--their deaths far outnumber those anticipated--and that plague was very localized at a given moment within Venice itself, even during times of peak mortality.

Female↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Immunity as a factor in the epidemiology of medieval plague.

The rise, disappearance, and demography of medieval plague remain mysterious. This paper reviews those features of plague immunity in animals and humans that might help explain these aspects of medieval plague. The absence of a focus of sylvatic plague in medieval Europe is postulated, while it is suggested that the susceptible population was much more varied both in terms of immunity and number of species than has been assumed. The sex, age, and regional variations in incidence of plague among humans are examined on the basis of primary and secondary historical sources. Nutritional factors, especially iron status, and cross-immunities with other diseases help provide an explanation of the observations in the literature.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The venetian plague.

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History, Early Modern 1451-1600↗