Biomedical subjects

S R Brill

Publications and source records attributed to S R Brill.

6 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed2001

Psychosomatic disorders in pediatrics.

Psychosomatic symptoms are by definition clinical symptoms with no underlying organic pathology. Common symptoms seen in pediatric age group include abdominal pain, headaches, chest pain, fatigue, limb pain, back pain, worry about health and difficulty breathing. These, more frequently seen symptoms should be differentiated from somatoform or neurotic disorders seen mainly in adults. The prevalence of psychosomatic complaints in children and adolescents has been reported to be between 10 and 25%. These symptoms are theorized to be a response to stress. Potential sources of stress in children and adolescents include schoolwork, family problems, peer pressure, chronic disease or disability in parents, family moves, psychiatric disorder in parents and poor coping abilities. Characteristics that favour psychosomatic basis for symptoms include vagueness of symptoms, varying intensity, inconsistent nature and pattern of symptoms, presence of multiple symptoms at the same time, chronic course with apparent good health, delay in seeking medical care, and lack of concern on the part of the patient. A thorough medical and psychosocial history and physical examination are the most valuable aspects of diagnostic evaluation. Organic etiology for the symptoms must be ruled out. Appropriate mental health consultation should be considered for further evaluation and treatment.

Abdominal Pain↗

PubMed2000

Basolateral K-Cl cotransporter regulates colonic potassium absorption in potassium depletion.

Active potassium absorption in the rat distal colon is electroneutral, Na(+)-independent, partially chloride-dependent, and energized by an apical membrane H,K-ATPase. Both dietary sodium and dietary potassium depletion substantially increase active potassium absorption. We have recently reported that sodium depletion up-regulates H,K-ATPase alpha-subunit mRNA and protein expression, whereas potassium depletion up-regulates H,K-ATPase beta-subunit mRNA and protein expression. Because overall potassium absorption is non-conductive, K-Cl cotransport (KCC) at the basolateral membrane may also be involved in potassium absorption. Although KCC1 has not been cloned from the colon, we established, in Northern blot analysis with mRNA from the rat distal colon using rabbit kidney KCC1 cDNA as a probe, the presence of an expected size mRNA in the rat colon. This KCC1 mRNA is substantially increased by potassium depletion but only minimally by sodium depletion. KCC1-specific antibody identified a 155-kDa protein in rat colonic basolateral membrane. Potassium depletion but not sodium depletion resulted in an increase in KCC1 protein expression in basolateral membrane. The increase of colonic KCC1 mRNA abundance and KCC1 protein expression in potassium depletion of the rat colonic basolateral membrane suggests that K-Cl cotransporter: 1) is involved in transepithelial potassium absorption and 2) regulates the increase in potassium absorption induced by dietary potassium depletion. We conclude that active potassium absorption in the rat distal colon involves the coordinated regulation of both apical membrane H,K-ATPase and basolateral membrane KCC1 protein.

Animals↗

PubMed2000

Contraception.

Prescribing and reviewing contraceptive methods with adolescents involves a significant amount of time and resources. Health care providers need to be familiar with how teens think about sex and birth control, what their beliefs are, and how individual teens may make different choices based on their lifestyles. Barrier methods remain popular in that they are accessible and do not require a clinician visit. The hormonal choices need to be explained fully in plain language and selections based on these sessions made appropriately. Teens can be effective users of contraception if they are given the appropriate tools, access, and knowledge.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1996

Immunolocalization of ion transport proteins in human autosomal dominant polycystic kidney epithelial cells.

The kidneys of patients with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease become massively enlarged due to the progressive expansion of myriad fluid-filled cysts. The epithelial cells that line the cyst walls are responsible for secreting the cyst fluid, but the mechanism through which this secretion occurs is not well established. Recent studies suggest that renal cyst epithelial cells actively secrete Cl across their apical membranes, which in turn drives the transepithelial movement of Na and water. The characteristics of this secretory flux suggest that it is dependent upon the participation of an apical cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR)-like Cl channel and basolateral Na,K-ATPase. To test this hypothesis, we have immunolocalized the CFTR and Na,K-ATPase proteins in intact cysts and in cyst epithelial cells cultured in vitro on permeable filter supports. In both settings, cyst epithelial cells were found to possess Na,K-ATPase exclusively at their basolateral surfaces; apical labeling was not detected. The CFTR protein was present at the apical surfaces of cyst epithelial cells that had been stimulated to secrete through incubation in forskolin. CFTR was detected in intracellular structures in cultured cyst epithelial cells that had not received the forskolin treatment. These results demonstrate that the renal epithelial cells that line cysts in autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease express transport systems with the appropriate polarity to mediate active Cl and fluid secretion.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗

PubMed1991

Volume-activated taurine efflux from skate erythrocytes: possible band 3 involvement.

In a previous study (L. Goldstein, S.R. Brill, and E.V. Freund, J. Exp. Zool. 254: 114-118, 1990) it was suggested that volume-activated (VA) taurine efflux from skate (Raja erinacea) erythrocytes might involve the anion exchanger band 3. The aim of the present study was to obtain further evidence for (or against) this possibility. We found that in addition to stilbene disulfonates, two other band 3 inhibitors, N-(azido-2-nitrophenyl)-2-amino sulfonic acid (NAP)-taurine and niflumic acid, also inhibit VA taurine efflux. In addition, there is a close relationship between the dose-response curves for 4,4'-diisothiocyanostilbene-2,2'-disulfonic acid inhibition of VA taurine efflux and sulfate efflux. Furthermore, taurine influx, as well as efflux, is activated by volume expansion, as would be expected with transport facilitated by band 3. However, sulfate (a known band 3 substrate) efflux is not activated by volume expansion, and sulfate influx is only activated minimally, but sulfate does inhibit VA taurine uptake. Thus there is considerable evidence in favor of the involvement of band 3 in VA taurine efflux, but the issue of the sulfate fluxes remains to be resolved.

4,4'-Diisothiocyanostilbene-2,2'-Disulfonic Acid↗

PubMed1986

"How to avoid dying from cancer ... now and later"--a course to reach the lay public.

The context, history, course description, measures and foundations for success, and future enhancements are described for the Health Education course, "How to Avoid Dying from Cancer ... Now and Later." Since 1981 this course has been offered once annually at The Ohio State University for academic credit and has averaged an enrollment of 354 undergraduate, graduate, and continuing education students. Over the years this course, originated by a surgical oncologist, has earned its own title and entry in the academic course offerings and has demonstrated success both quantitatively and qualitatively. Quantitative indicators of success include enrollment trends, diversities of students enrolled, student evaluations of the course, and data on the instructional effectiveness of this course. Qualitative indicators of success include favorable publicity through the local media, top ratings for summer radio programs based on this course, and the National University Continuing Education Faculty Service Award given to one of the authors in 1985. Four factors account for much of the success of this course.

Female↗