Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

S R Baker

Publications and source records attributed to S R Baker.

242 records · Page 14Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

Fat-conserving aesthetic lower blepharoplasty.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate a variation on lower eyelid fat-conserving blepharoplasty as a treatment for several facets of periorbital aging, especially eyelid fat protrusion and skeletonization of the inferior orbital rim. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Retrospective review of 14 consecutive patients at an academic center who underwent fat-conserving lower blepharoplasty over an 8-month period. Independent evaluation of surgical success was performed by two experienced surgeons. RESULTS: Fat-conserving blepharoplasty corrected skeletonization of the inferior orbital rim in 13 of 14 cases, and was moderately effective at correction of lower eyelid fat protrusion and wrinkles. There were no complications. CONCLUSION: Fat-conserving lower blepharoplasty is a safe and effective surgical technique for reduction of visibility of the bony orbital rim and can complement other procedures used to improve signs of aging in the periorbital region.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Community health indicators predicting adolescent academic achievement.

Throughout the literature investigating adolescent academic achievement, little or no attention has been focused on indicators of community health as factors that share variance with academic achievement. The purpose of this study was to conduct exploratory analyses using indicators of community health to investigate adolescent academic achievement. This study employed hierarchical linear multiple regression to explain variations in adolescent academic achievement as measured by standardized tests for two different school years. The unit of analyses was the school district with the standardized test results of 8th grade students as academic achievement. The first model of the school district for school year 1997-98 accounted for almost 58% of the variance in adolescent academic achievement. This model was replicated on a different school year and it accounted for almost 63% of the variance in adolescent academic achievement. These strong models hold great promise for future investigations of adolescent academic achievement using indicators of community health and other community contextual variables.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Human exposure assessment. I: Understanding the uncertainties.

Exposure estimates produced using predictive exposure assessment methods are associated with a number of uncertainties that relate to the inherent variability of the values for a given input parameter (e.g., body weight, ingestion rate, inhalation rate) and to unknowns concerning the representativeness of the assumptions and methods used. Despite recent or ongoing consensus-building efforts that have made significant strides forward in promoting consistency in methodologies and parameter default values, the potential variability in the output exposure estimates has not been adequately addressed from a quantitative aspect. This is exemplified by remaining tendencies within federal and state agencies to use worst-case approaches for exposure assessment. In this study, range-sensitivity and Monte Carlo analyses were performed on several different exposure scenarios in order to illustrate the impact of the variability in input parameters on the total variability of the exposure output. The results of this study indicate that the variability associated with the example scenarios range up to more than four orders of magnitude when just some of the parameters are allowed to vary. Comparison of exposure estimates obtained using Monte Carlo simulations (in which selected parameters were allowed to vary over their observed ranges) to exposure estimates obtained using standard parameter default assumptions demonstrate that a default value approach can produce an exposure estimate that exceeds the 95th percentile exposure in an exposed population.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Human exposure assessment. II: Quantifying and reducing the uncertainties.

Alternative methods of human exposure assessment that reduce and/or allow quantification of the uncertainties associated with exposure estimates are surveyed and illustrated. These alternative approaches include (1) use of more appropriate exposure parameter default values rather than values that result in extreme exposure estimates; (2) incorporation of time-activity data to better define appropriate exposure duration values; (3) the use of reasonable exposure scenarios rather than the traditional Maximally Exposed Individual (MEI) approach; (4) the use of stochastic approaches such as Monte Carlo-based and information analysis-based methods; (5) use of bivariate analysis to identify the extent to which interdependencies between different exposure parameters affect the distribution of exposure estimates; (6) use of less-than-lifetime exposure and risk assessment; and (7) incorporation of physiological considerations relevant to absorbed dose estimation, including route-specific impacts, use of improved absorption factors, and application of pharmacokinetic models. Other ways to improve the exposure assessment process, including assuring statistical equivalency in comparing different exposure estimates and incorporation of sensitive subpopulation considerations are also discussed, as are key research needs.

Child↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Bleomycin, vincristine, and mitomycin C with or without methotrexate in the treatment of squamous cell carcinoma.

Forty-two patients with metastatic squamous cell carcinoma were treated with bleomycin, vincristine, and mitomycin C with or without methotrexate (BOM +/- M). The overall response rate of 64% (complete response [CR] rate, 19%) included 19 responses among 26 patients (seven CRs) with head and neck cancer, three responses among eight patients with cervical cancer, and three responses among five patients (one CR) with lung cancer. Six of 12 patients (two CRs) responded to BOM and 21 of 30 patients (six CRs) responded to BOMM. The median duration of response was 16 weeks. Toxic effects included nausea or vomiting in 33% of the patients, fever of > 101 degrees C in 26%, stomatitis in 29% and pulmonary toxicity in 19%. Four of eight cases of pulmonary toxicity were fatal and the incidence was related to the amount of both bleomycin and mitomycin C administered. The occurrence of pulmonary toxicity could not be predicted by serial determination of pulmonary function or blood gases. A wbc count nadir of < 2500/mm3 occurred in 15 of 42 patients. There were two episodes of sepsis with one death. A platelet count nadir of > 75,000/mm3 occurred in eight of 42 patients with no episodes of hemorrhage. BOMM produces a high objective response rate in patients with squamous cell cancer. However, the duration of remission is brief, and use of the regimen carries an increased risk of fatal pulmonary toxicity.

Adult↗