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Biomedical subjects

S Pradhan

Publications and source records attributed to S Pradhan.

At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

Measurement of magnetization transfer in different stages of neurocysticercosis.

The purpose of this study was to establish magnetization transfer ratio (MTR) in different stages of neurocysticercosis. A total 2,532 cysticerci were studied prospectively in 15 cases. MTR from different regions of the lesions (ie, the cyst, the protoscolex or mural nodule, the granuloma wall) were calculated in different stages of evolution/degeneration in all cases. Of a total 2,532 lesions studied, 2,261 (89.29%) were seen on routine spin-echo (SE) imaging. The rest of the lesions were only seen on magnetization transfer (MT) SE imaging. Maximum MTR was calculated from healing lesions (mean + SD = 31.0+/-2.8) and from the core of SE invisible lesions (30.0+/-5.1). Innocuous cystic lesions, which were hyperintense on T2-weighted images, did not show any MT (MTR = 5.10+/-1.2), whereas degenerating T2 hyperintense lesions showed MTR of 26.40+/-2.7. Nondegenerating and degenerating scolices showed an intermediate MTR of 21.7+/-3.3 and 15.0+/-4.5, respectively. MT varies between different parts of the lesion and also from the same part in different stages of evolution/degeneration of the lesion. The visibility of a lesion on MT-SE sequence was dependent on its MTR and its location at a particular site (cortical gray matter, white matter, or deep gray matter). The difference in MTR of the lesion and the surrounding brain parenchyma decides the resulting contrast and visibility of the lesion.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Antemortem diagnosis of Leigh's disease: role of magnetic resonance studies.

A two-and-a-half-year-old male child presented with recurrent attacks of intractable vomiting, psychomotor retardation since 14 months of age. He had also lower cranial nerve palsy and corticospinal involvement. Magnetic resonance imaging had shown multiple well circumscribed areas of hypointusity in T1 weighted image which were brightly hyperintense in heavily T2-weighted image. The lesions were seen in basal ganglia, thalamii and brainstem and spared mamillary bodies. Magnetic resonance spectroscopy demonstrated lactate peak in the affected areas confirming the diagnosis of Leigh's disease. The child responded well to large dose of vitamin 'B' therapy.

Brain↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Recurrence of carcinoma cervix in the scar of previous cesarean section: a case report.

Although rare, reports of carcinoma cervix recurring in abdominal incision, episiotomy scars, laparoscopic port sites, and drain sites are available. However, recurrence in the scar of a previous cesarean section (CS) is unreported. A 49-year-old female with a diagnosis of keratinizing squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of cervix, stage IIB, was treated by radical radiotherapy. She had undergone CS, through midline abdominal incision, for three previous deliveries. Twenty months later, she presented with a nodule of size 2.5 x 2 cm(2) on the 26-year-old abdominal CS scar. Infiltration of the skin and extension into the deeper structures of the abdominal wall was present in an area of 5 x 4 cm(2). There was no evidence of disease on the cervix. A fine-needle aspiration cytologic examination from the nodule revealed keratinizing SCC. Ultrasonography and computerized tomography scan revealed a mass lesion along the abdominal CS scar with subcutaneous nodule and peritoneal extension. Multiple metastatic lesions were present in the liver. She was treated with chemotherapy and radiotherapy. The patient has lived for more than 12.5 months. The first report of recurrence of carcinoma cervix in a CS scar is presented. Literature on surgical scar recurrence in carcinoma cervix is reviewed.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Sonographic and colour doppler morphology in carcinoma gallbladder.

Conventional radiography has limitations in accurate diagnosis of gallbladder cancer (GBC). Ultrasonography (USG) allows correct diagnosis in 70-80% advanced and 23% early GBC. Present study was initiated to identify morphology and flow characteristics in GBC using conventional USG and Colour Doppler USG (CD-USG). In 100 patients, USG assessed morphology of mass lesion/wall thickening together with associated features. Of these, 60 cases were studied using CD-USG for intralesional/perilesional vascularity, peak systolic flow velocity (V max), resistive index (RI) and pulsatility index (PI). USG identified GB with mass lesion in 44% cases (Group-I) and only mass in GB fossa in 56% cases (Group-II). Findings identified calculi (73%), liver infiltration (74%), intrahepatic ductal dilatation (IHDD) (52%), lymphadenopathy (19%) and ascites (5%). CD-USG revealed vascularity, mainly pulsatile flow, in 78.3% cases (in 91.3% Group-I cases). Mean Vmax was 0.3037 m/sec (0.109 - 0.646 m/sec.), mean RI was 0.6621 (0.526 - 1.000) and PI was 1.282 (0.772 -2.140), Mean Vmax and PI were higher in Group-I compared to Group-II. Presence of calculus in 73% cases suggests a high association between calculus and malignancy. As flow signals were seen in 78% of all cases and 91.3% Group-I cases undergoing CD-USG, USG and CD-USG together can improve pickup rate of GBC.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Predictive value of ultrasonography in the diagnosis of palpable breast lump.

A lump is the first symptom in over 80 percent of all patients with cancer of the breast. Consequently, the finding of any lump in the breast is a highly significant sign and warrants a thorough investigation. The present study was undertaken to study the predictive value of ultrasonography in the diagnosis of palpable breast lumps. Fifty-two female patients with palpable breast lumps that were unilateral underwent ultrasonography of the breast. Thirty-six of these patients who had solitary, unilateral, solid lumps were followed up with FNAC/biopsy/mammography and the findings were compared. The mean age group was seen to be 41 years. The youngest patient was 17 years old and the oldest was 80 years. The validity of USG in the diagnosis of palpable breast lumps was calculated. A sensitivity value of 95%, specificity of 94.10%, positive and negative predictive values of 95.50% and 93.75% were noted and were comparable to other similar studies. The sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values were statistically significant (p=0.0000006) and were comparable to the values obtained by different studies conducted elsewhere. Among the multiple USG parameters, shape, margins, vascularity, surrounding tissue character, sound transmission through the lump were more significant in the diagnosis of benign vs. malignant lumps. Echogenicity and echotexture were of less significance.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Accuracy of ultrasonography in evaluation of level and cause of biliary obstruction: a prospective study.

AIM: To find out the accuracy of ultrasound in evaluation of level and cause of biliary obstruction. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Forty-five patients (26 to 86 years of age) with suspected biliary obstruction underwent Ultrasonography followed by Direct Cholangiograms (Percutaneous Transhepatic Cholangiography / Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiography). The levels of biliary obstructions were grouped as hilar, suprapancreatic and intrapancreatic. Similarly the causes were grouped as malignant and benign. Diagnosis was confirmed either at surgery or histopathologically (USG-guided FNAC or ERC-biopsy). RESULTS: Ultrasonography accurately identified the level of obstruction in 89 %( hilar), 91% (suprapancreatic) and 87% ( intrapancreatic) cases. Malignancy was found in 33 patients and remaining 12 had benign diseases. USG accurately identified malignant and benign causes in 91% and 84% cases respectively. Findings were found to be statistically significant (p-value =< 0.05 at 95%confidence interval). CONCLUSION: This study showed that USG has high accuracy in identifying the level and cause of biliary obstruction. Considering cost, availability and patient friendly nature, Ultrasound should be the first imaging modality of choice in evaluation of biliary obstruction.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Verruciform xanthoma of the oral mucosa.

Verruciform xanthoma is a rather rare lesion that is mostly confined to the oral mucosa. The clinical picture may vary considerably. The diagnosis is based on the presence of numerous xanthoma cells in the connective tissue papillae. A case of verruciform xanthoma on the gingiva in relation to lower right posterior region in a 43-year-old man is presented. The findings reported in the literature are also discussed.

Adult↗