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Biomedical subjects

S Poulsen

Publications and source records attributed to S Poulsen.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1997

False-positive results from cultures of Mycobacterium tuberculosis due to laboratory cross-contamination confirmed by restriction fragment length polymorphism.

During 1994, a cross-contamination problem leading to false-positive cultures of Mycobacterium tuberculosis was revealed in a mycobacteriology laboratory processing 30,000 to 35,000 samples per year. Molecular strain typing based on restriction fragment length polymorphism confirmed the contaminations. Out of 1,439 positive cultures of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, 49 samples from 48 patients were suspected to be cross-contaminated. In 37 cases, growth was observed both in BACTEC vials and on solid media, indicating that the contamination took place during the processing of the samples. The majority of the contaminated samples had been handled by the same technician.

Bacterial Typing Techniques↗
PubMed1997

Comparative three-year caries protection from an aluminum-containing and a fluoride-containing toothpaste.

In the present study, 2,087 fifth-graders (mean age: 12 years) from two cohorts entered a 3-year clinical toothpaste trial. The study subjects were randomly allocated to two groups: one group was a positive control using a 0.83% NaFPO3 toothpaste, while the other group brushed with a test toothpaste containing 1.77% KAl(SO4). Both toothpastes were used unsupervised at home. One set of bite-wing radiographs was obtained at the beginning of the trial and another at the 3-year follow-up. Clinical registrations of caries were performed by the municipal dentists responsible for the child's dental care. After 3 years, the mean caries increment was significantly higher in the group using the aluminum-containing toothpaste measured both clinically and radiographically.

Alum Compounds↗
PubMed1996

Dental caries in Danish children and adolescents 1988-94.

The present study is based on data reported from the Danish Municipal Oral Health Service for children and adolescents to the National Board of Health from 1988 to 1994. Only data from municipalities with public clinics for children and adolescents and only age-groups for which reporting was compulsory are included. When each cohort was followed during the years 1988 to 1994, it was shown that caries increment had only decreased slightly in both the deciduous dentition (from 3 to 6 yr) and in the permanent dentition (from 7 to 15 yr) during the beginning of the period and was now almost identical from one cohort to the next. The distribution of individuals in four selected age-groups according to defs and DMFS has become constant during the late 1980s and the early 1990s. It is concluded that the constant decrease in dental caries in Danish children and adolescents observed during the 1970s and early 1980s has now come to a halt.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

[Tuberculosis control in Scandinavia].

Compared with the rest of the world, the situation regarding tuberculosis is favourable in the Nordic countries. In 1993, the incidence for persons born in respective country (per 100,000 of the population) was 4.1 in Denmark, 3.2 in Iceland and Sweden, 3.8 in Norway and 10.0 in Finland. The respective average figures for foreign-born residents were 6-14 times higher. Programmes for contending with tuberculosis have been uniform in the Nordic countries, with the exception of BCG (bacillus Calmette-Guérin) vaccination policy, though childhood tuberculosis is rare in the area. However, tuberculosis represents a manifest problem among the foreign-born population, first and foremost among the increasing number of refugees.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

Oral health status and treatment needs in different age groups in two regions of Tanzania.

The present study was conducted in two regions of Tanzania, where development of oral health services is supported by the Danish International Development Agency (Danida). The study comprised 6035 subjects in five age groups (5-6 yr, 12 yr, 18 yr, 35-44 yr, 55+ yr). Data were collected using WHO's survey methodology. Dental caries affected the primary dentition of one third to one fourth of the 5-6-yr-olds and mean dft was less than 1.0 in both regions. DMFT for 12-yr-olds was also low (< 1.5 DMFT), but was higher in older age groups, mainly due to more missing teeth. The F-component was negligible in all age groups. Treatment need was mainly simple fillings and extractions. Most periodontal sextants in all age groups were affected by bleeding or calculus. Periodontal pockets were rare and loss of teeth limited. It is concluded that the oral health situation in Tanzania is better than that foreseen in the goals for oral health in Tanzania in the year 2002. On the basis of these findings and the severe economic constraints prevailing within the health services in Tanzania, a revision of The National Plan for Oral Health seems urgent. A realistic estimate of the cost and the possible sources of funding of the plan is mandatory.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

The role of traditional healers in the treatment of toothache in Tanga Region, Tanzania.

The study was conducted in five villages in each of two districts in the Tanga Region of Tanzania. Seventy-three traditional healers and 408 villagers of 14 years and above (selected through systematic random sampling) were interviewed. Most of the traditional healers had practised for more than ten years and the majority had been trained by their father or grandfather. Sixty per cent of the traditional healers claimed, that they treated dental patients with an average of three patients per month. A large variety of local herbs was used and about 40 per cent of the traditional healers claimed that they would refer the client to a modern health facility, if their treatment did not work. Half of the villagers interviewed had experienced toothache and 60 per cent of those who had experienced toothache within the last two years had sought treatment from traditional healers, where they had all been treated with local herbs. Relief was obtained for more than six months for 40 per cent of the patients, who sought this service. The establishment of modern emergency oral care in rural health centres and dispensaries did not influence the villagers' use of the traditional healers.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

[Development of caries in a group of Danish school-age children after cessation of systematic fluoride rinsing].

In a municipality near Copenhagen, Denmark, where fortnightly fluoride rinses with 0.2% neutral sodium fluoride had been performed for more than a decade, 1306 children from kindergarten through sixth grade were stratified by school and grade and randomly distributed into two groups. One group continued with the fluoride rinses, the other group had the fluoride solution replaced with distilled water. Both solutions were slightly flavored. One thousand and eighty-three children completed the three-year trial. Caries was recorded clinically by the dentists in the municipal dental service using criteria common for the Child Dental Health Services, and on bitewing radiographs by one of the authors applying criteria developed by Gröndahl et al. Permanent molars and premolars were included in the study. Clinically, caries increment in the two groups was the same, with 94% of caries lesions and fillings situated in pits and fissures. According to the radiographs, caries progression in the water group was higher than in the fluoride group. This difference was statistically significant for the surfaces erupting during the study (p < 0.05).

Child↗
PubMed1993

Nuclear 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine receptor binding in mononuclear blood cells from patients with malignant blood diseases and small cell carcinoma of the lung.

We have previously demonstrated enhanced daily turnover of thyroid hormones in patients with hypermetabolic symptoms due to malignant haematologic disorders or small cell carcinoma of the lung. We hypothesized that some of these symptoms might be due to enhanced peripheral effects of T3. We therefore studied the nuclear T3 receptor binding in circulating mononuclear blood cells in 5 patients with malignant haematologic disorders, 5 with untreated small cell carcinoma of the lung, and 11 healthy controls. Maximal binding capacity of T3 (MBC) was increased 2.5 times in the diseased patients, (median (range)) 110 fmol/mg DNA (75-519) in the haematologic group (p < 0.01), 106 fmol/mg DNA (47-490) (p < 0.10) in small cell carcinoma patients, as compared to 43 fmol/mg DNA (26-94) in controls. The affinity constant Ka of bound T3 was reduced to one-third in the diseased patients. No differences were found between serum thyroid hormone or TSH levels. It is hypothesized, that previously demonstrated enhanced turnover of thyroid hormones in these states of disease might in part be due to increased peripheral consumption of thyroid hormones, including enhanced receptor binding of T3.

Carcinoma, Small Cell↗
PubMed1992

Caries development after termination of a fluoride rinsing program.

In a municipality near Copenhagen, Denmark, where fortnightly fluoride rinses with 0.2% neutral sodium fluoride had been performed for more than a decade, 1306 children from kindergarten through 6th grade were stratified by school and grade and randomly distributed into two groups. One group continued the fluoride rinses, the other group had the fluoride solution replaced with distilled water. Both solutions were slightly flavored. 1083 children completed the 3-yr trial. Caries was recorded clinically by the dentists in the municipal dental service using the diagnostic criteria for the Child Dental Health Services, and on bitewing radiographs by one of the authors applying the criteria developed by GRONDAHL et al. Permanent molars and premolars were included in the study. Clinically, caries increment in the two groups was the same with pits and fissures containing 94% of the DMFS. According to the radiographs, caries progression in the water group was higher than in the fluoride group. This difference was statistically significant for the surfaces erupting during the study (P less than 0.05).

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Evaluation of a photographic method for diagnosis of gingivitis and caries.

The aim of the present study was to determine the value of a photographic method when diagnosing gingivitis and caries. 78 patients participated in the investigation. The validity of the photographic method could not be established, since the reproducibility of the clinical diagnosis was not 100%. Instead, the value of the method was determined by comparing the reproducibility of the clinical and the photographic diagnosis. For gingivitis the intra- and inter-examiner reproducibilities were best for the photographic readings. For caries the reproducibility of the clinical diagnosis was highest. The photographic method was not limited by method variation when diagnosing redness of the gingiva and caries. However, limitations due to variation were present when diagnosing gingival swelling. The paper also describes the bias reducing capacity of the photographic method.

Dental Caries↗
PubMed1991

Early and late synovectomy of the knee in rheumatoid arthritis.

The results after open knee synovectomy in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis were investigated in a retrospective study including 44 patients with 55 knees. Median observation time was 73 months. Early synovectomy showed significant pain-relief and improvement of knee function, effusion was reduced and range of motion was unchanged. Total knee alloplasty (TKA) was performed in one knee among the patients who underwent early synovectomy, while reoperation with TKA had been performed in 12 out of 28 knees after late synovectomy. It is concluded that early synovectomy is indicated when medical treatment has failed. Late synovectomy must be regarded as a palliative procedure in order to postpone TKA.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Evaluation of a fissure sealing programme in a Danish Public Child Dental Service.

Most studies on fissure sealants have been conducted as explanatory trials. The present study takes a pragmatic approach to the use of fissure sealing as a caries-preventive measure. The study was conducted in two municipalities in the Copenhagen area, one (S) with a policy of sealing all occlusal fissures of first permanent molars and another (C) where fissure sealing was not used. The study included all the 1053 12-year-old children in the two municipalities who had participated in the dental service since preschool age. Fissure sealing with Delton(R) was performed as soon after eruption as possible. Out of 2180 first permanent molars in S, 1721 (79 per cent) were sealed. An overall complete retention rate of 40 per cent was obtained after the 6- to 7-year observation period. The caries prevalence on all types of surfaces not sealed was almost identical in both municipalities, supporting the assumption that they had similar caries levels. On the target surfaces the mean caries increment for girls was 1.4 and for boys 1.2 in S compared with 2.0 (girls) and 1.6 (boys) in C, giving an effectiveness in caries reduction of 32 and 25 per cent for girls and boys respectively. For girls, 5 occlusal surfaces had to be sealed in order to save one filling; compared to 8 surfaces for boys.

Child↗
PubMed1989

[Severe adverse effects of low-dose carbimazole treatment in hyperthyroidism. A retrospective study of 476 patients].

A material of 476 hyperthyroid patients treated with carbimazole and 69 patients treated with PTU in the period from 1978 to 1986 were studied retrospectively. The antithyroid treatment was given in low dosage without supplementary thyroxine. The total frequency of adverse effects, defined as symptoms leading to discontinuance of the treatment, was 8.0% for carbimazole and 2.9% for PTU. There were no cases of agranulocytosis in the group treated with carbimazole, and one case in the group treated with PTU. No relationship between age and adverse effects could be demonstrated. The relationship between adverse effects and dosage is discussed, and it is concluded that low dosage treatment with carbimazole has a very low frequency of adverse effects in terms of agranulocytosis and toxic hepatitis.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Thyroid hormone metabolism in hypermetabolic patients with haematological disorders.

Turnover tracer studies of T4 and T3 using the single injection, noncompartmental approach were performed in 6 hypermetabolic patients with haematological disorders (HHD) (basal metabolic rate (BMR): median 141%, range 122-166%), in 10 controls with stable, nonthyroidal illness (NTIC), and in 14 healthy controls (HC). The main finding was an increase of approximately 30% of the production rate (PR) of both T4 and T3 in patients with HHD. Median PR of T4 was 134 nmol/day x 70 kg in HHD, compared to 78 nmol/day x 70 kg in NTIC (P less than 0.05) and 98 nmol/day X 70 kg in HC (p less than 0.1), whereas median PR of T3 was 40.3 nmol/day x 70 kg in HHD, compared to 25.6 nmol/day x 70 kg in NTIC (P less than 0.01) and 31.1 nmol/day x 70 kg in HC (P less than 0.1). An increase of similar magnitude was found for the apparent distribution volume and the pool size of both T4 and T3. In contrast, the mean transit times of the hormones were similar in the 3 groups. Patients with HHD had normal levels of basal serum TSH as well as of the TSH response to TRH. Only PR of T3 correlated to the BMR (R = 1.00, P less than 0.02). The data are compatible with an increased consumption of thyroid hormones by malignant haematologic cells, and the increase of BMR seems to be dependent on the production of T3.

Adult↗