Diaphragmatic disruption is an uncommon consequence of blunt trauma and is easily overlooked unless a high index of suspicion is maintained. The diagnosis is important because of the high incidence of associated organ damage and the complications of a missed injury. This article outlines the clinical features and management of the condition.

Abdominal Injuries↗

PubMed1985

Chronic progressive multiple sclerosis. Relationship between cerebral ventricular size and neuropsychological impairment.

Forty-seven patients with chronic progressive multiple sclerosis were examined to assess the possible relationship between cerebral atrophy (by computed tomography [CT] ) and performance on neuropsychological tests of memory and verbal intelligence. Nineteen patients were found to have mildly dilated ventricles and another nine patients had moderate to severe ventricular enlargement. Performance on memory and intelligence testing was related to the degree of ventriculomegaly. Three linear CT measurements were also recorded. Using this method, the width of the third ventricle proved to be the best indicator of intellectual and memory dysfunction. Measures of cognition and ventricular size did not correlate with length of illness or overall disability as rated by the Kurtzke Disability Status Score.

Adult↗

PubMed1985

Effects of age on the mother-child interactions of ADD-H and normal boys.

The interactions of 60 ADD-H boys with their mothers were compared to those of 60 normal boys during both free-play and task situations. Both groups were equally subdivided into five age levels (years 5, 6, 7, 8, and 9). In free play, ADD-H boys played more independently of and were more negative toward their mothers, while their mothers gave more commands and initiated fewer interactions than normal mother-child dyads. There were no effects of age in this setting. During the task setting, ADD-H boys were less compliant, sustained their compliance for shorter time periods, and were more negative and off task than the normal boys. Mothers of ADD-H boys gave more commands, were more negative, initiated fewer interactions, and responded with greater control over both compliance and off-task behavior than did normal mothers. Several age effects were noted suggesting that older boys in both groups were more compliant while their mothers gave fewer commands and controlled their compliance less than the mother-child dyads of younger boys. While the interactions of ADD-H boys appear to improve with age, the boys continue to display a developmental lag in social behavior that is more evident with increasing situational demands.

Age Factors↗

PubMed1985

Developmental changes in the mother-child interactions of hyperactive boys: effects of two dose levels of Ritalin.

The mother-child interactions of 60 hyperactive children subdivided equally into five age levels (years 5, 6, 7, 8 and 9) were studied during free play and task periods in a double-blind drug-placebo evaluation of two dose levels of Ritalin (0.3 and 0.7 mg/kg bid.) on these interactions. No effects for age or drug condition were found during free play. In contrast, age effects were significant in the task period with the children increasing their compliance and sustained attention with age. In response, mothers decreased their direction and control while increasing their passive observation of the children. Several drug effects were found during the task period, indicating that only the high dose of Ritalin produced improvements in child compliance. However, both doses resulted in decreases in mothers' controlling reactions to the child's compliance and off-task behavior as well as in ratings of home behavior problems. Drug effects were essentially the same across all five age levels. The interaction patterns of hyperactive children are similar to those found in younger normal children in previous research, apparently reflecting a chronic lag in this pattern in hyperactive children that may be improved with stimulant medication.

Adult↗

PubMed1985

The effects of Anemonia sulcata toxin II on vertebrate skeletal muscle.

Some effects of the sea anemone toxin, ATX-II, on vertebrate skeletal muscle have been described. At a concentration of 1 X 10(-7)-1 X 10(-6)M, ATX-II caused a sodium-dependent depolarization of the muscle fibres of the rat soleus and extensor digitorum longus, of the mouse soleus and extensor digitorum longus and of the chicken posterior latissimus dorsi. The muscle fibres of the frog sartorius were insensitive to the toxin. Action potentials generated by direct stimulation were prolonged by ATX-II, but the degree of prolongation was variable. Chicken posterior latissimus dorsi muscle fibres were most sensitive in this regard, and mouse extensor digitorum longus were least sensitive. Both denervated and immature muscle fibres were more sensitive to ATX-II than mature innervated muscle fibres. The sensitivity to ATX-II declined rapidly as muscle fibres matured. In some muscles, the prolongation of the action potential was enhanced by repetitive stimulation, but not by the passive depolarization or hyperpolarization of the muscle fibres. The actions of ATX-II could be reversed by washing in all but the innervated soleus of the mature rat.

Action Potentials↗

PubMed1981

Comparable worth.

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Economics, Nursing↗

PubMed1980

Pharmacokinetics and taste acceptance of an alcohol-free oxtriphylline solution.

As follow-up to earlier studies done on the pharmacokinetics of theophylline preparations in young children, an alcohol-free oxtriphylline syrup preparation was studied. Oxtriphylline syrup demonstrated no appreciable change in the pharmacokinetic parameter of half-life in this young age group. Therapeutic dose relationship were studied in conjunction with trough level measurements. Patient acceptance of this preparation is judged to be excellent.

Asthma↗

PubMed1975

The utilization of a consulting clinical psychologist within an urban vision training clinic.

Multi-disciplinary evaluation of children with learning problems is necessary in many cases. The private optometrist frequently has psychological resources available to him and his patients. In an urban setting with an inner city patient population, the clinical practitioner has much difficulty in referring and in retrieving psychological data. The function of a consulting psychologist as an attending staff member of the Visual Training Department of the Optometric Center of New York is described, and a preliminary report of 52cases referred for psychological consultation between September 1, 1972 and June 30, 1973 is presented.

Community Health Services↗

PubMedDate not supplied

The effectiveness of dental hygienist teams in applying a pit and fissure sealant.

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Clinical Trials as Topic↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Informing partners of HIV hurts nurse-patient relationship.

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Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗