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Biomedical subjects

S Pollak

Publications and source records attributed to S Pollak.

At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed1977

[Morphology of injuries by "humane killer" (livestook stunner) (author's transl)].

1 short synopsis deals with the general features peculiar to injuries by captive bolt "humane killer" (specifically the types with two opposite outlets for the explosion gases). When the bolt strikes the body at an acute angle, both the wound and the adjacent skin usually show some particular signs: normally the entrance hole is accompanied by two roundish or elliptic zones of blackening due to the diverging smoke conduits. Variations in shape and location of the foulings indicate an oblique holding of the instrument and often even reveal the degree of inclination. Another characteristic is caused by the conically grooved end of the steel bolt: the asymmetric sickle-shaped broadening of the "abrasion collar" reliably points out the direction of fire. Sometimes the entrance hole in the skull is accompanied by semicircular frame-like fracture lines which mostly are situated on the same side as the unilateral abrasion. The cauistic part includes one homicide and eight suicides. Among the latter group one case deserves special attention because the man in question was capable of shooting a second time into his forehead. Three persons tried to ensure the fatal outcome by combining the "humane killer" - injury with concommitant hanging.

Aged↗
PubMed1976

[The ratio of the concentrations between the components of a two phase hypnotic in relation to the time of intoxication (author's transl)].

Two cases of poisoning with a double phase effect hypnotic were investigated in respect to the extent to which concentrations of short and medium acting barbiturates (hexobarbital, cyclobarbital) could be used for estimating the duration of poisoning. The analysis of brain turned out to be especially suitable. Increasing the duration of poisoning the ratio of the concentrations was shifted towards the longer acting component. Blood the liver seem to be less informative. The method might be used to estimate the interval between beginning of the poisoning and death in case of intoxication with different acting barbiturates.

Aged↗
PubMed1976

[The alcoholized pedestrian as victim of fatal traffic accidents (author's transl)].

The following results were obtained in an analysis of the road accidents which occurred in Vienna and its environs over the past ten years with a fatal outcome for the involved pedestrians: 39.3% of the pedestrains who died in an accident had a blood alcohol concentration of at least 0.8%, the average amounting to 2.15%. As many as 60.2% of the male victims were alcoholized, whereas only 7.6% of the women were alcoholized. The female victims were mostly elderly, 86% being older than 60 years, whereas many of the male victims were middle-aged. These middle-aged male pedestrians were frequently drunk; among the men aged between 40 and 49 the rate of alcoholization soared to 88%. The peak time of fatal traffic accidents involving alcoholized pedestrians lies in the hours before midnight. The number of pensioners among the sober victims is raised in comparison with the population rate, whilst an unexpectedly high percentage of unskilled workers found in the alcoholized group. In 7.6% of the alcoholized victime the autopsy revealed cirrhosis of the liver; 27.1% had fatty degeneration of the liver. Nearly as many female pedestrians met with a fatal road accident as males within the city boundaries. Accordingly, the percentage of alcoholized victims in the city (31.7%) is low compared with the rural areas, where about 60% of the victims had a blood alcohol concentration of at least 0.8%.

Accidents, Traffic↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Interleukin-1 secretion by blood monocytes of septic premature infants.

This study examined lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induced in vitro secretion of interleukin-1 (IL-1) by peripheral blood monocytes from pre-term infants with and without sepsis. Thirteen pre-term babies were tested; eight were completely healthy and five suffered from six episodes of sepsis. The latter group was tested both in the acute septic phase and in the convalescent period. IL-1 secretion by monocytes derived from septic pre-term infants was lower, but not significantly different from healthy pre-term infants (7.1 +/- 1.0 U/ml versus 8.1 +/- 0.9 U/ml, respectively). IL-1 secretion by monocytes of eight control full-term babies was in the same range (8.4 +/- 0.6 U/ml). In the convalescent period IL-1 secretion by monocytes from septic pre-term babies increased (9.0 +/- 0.3 U/ml) and was significantly higher than values measured during acute infection (p less than 0.05). Septic premature babies were also found to have higher absolute blood neutrophil concentration (p less than 0.001), but their body temperature did not increase along the infectious stage. The decreased secretion of IL-1 by monocytes from pre-term babies in the acute phase of infection compared to the convalescent period may have contributed to their inability to mount appropriate immunological as well as inflammatory responses. Sepsis promoting IL-1 production in vivo may have limited the monocytes' capacity for LPS stimulated IL-1 synthesis in vitro.

Acute Disease↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Fatal child abuse (caused by physical violence) in Germany during 1 January 1985 to 2 October 1990. Results of a multicenter study].

UNLABELLED: No reliable data are available on cases of lethal child abuse (by active force) in the area of Federal Republic of Germany prior to reunification (the former West Germany). In a multicenter study we therefore examined the police and court records for such cases occurring in the period 1 January 1985 to 2 October 1990 in nearly the entire area of Federal Republic of Germany. RESULTS: The study center received information on 58 cases of lethal child abuse. Extrapolated to all institutes of legal medicine, this corresponds to 62 cases in all of West Germany in the period studied. An approximately equal number of unreported cases should be added to this figure. Including unreported cases, at least 20 cases of lethal child abuse occurred per year; thus only one in every two cases ever came to light. Almost two thirds of the victims were younger than one year old. At autopsy 59% exhibited signs of repeated abuse at autopsy. By far the most common cause of death was direct impact from a blunt object, usually to the head. Mostly, the male person to whom the victim relates most closely (father, stepfather, partner of the mother) has killed the child. Twenty-one of the 74 persons charged saw the charges against them dropped or were acquitted due to lack of evidence; 51 received sentences ranging from one year probation to life. In the remaining two cases the outcome of the trial was unknown. Signs of abuse were readily apparent at autopsy in almost all cases. The high number of unreported cases underscores the need to educate medical students and practicing physicians to be on the look-out for signs of abuse and argues for an increase in the rate of autopsy.

Autopsy↗