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S Piepenbrock

Publications and source records attributed to S Piepenbrock.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2006

Esomeprazole for the prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting. A randomized, placebo-controlled trial.

BACKGROUND: Postoperative nausea and vomiting still represents a major problem after surgery. Although risk factors for postoperative nausea and vomiting and procedures to reduce postoperative nausea and vomiting have been described, the incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting remains high. The aim of the present study was to investigate the potential role of the proton pump inhibitor esomeprazole to reduce postoperative nausea and vomiting after elective surgery. METHODS: In a randomized, double-blind trial, ASA I-III patients at high risk for postoperative nausea and vomiting received esomeprazole tablets 3 x 40 mg or matching placebo the evening before surgery, 2 h preoperatively and 24 h postoperatively. Total intravenous anaesthesia with propofol and remifentanil without nitrous oxide (FiO2 0.5) was used. Patients were interviewed using a standardized postoperative nausea and vomiting questionnaire at discharge from the post-anaesthesia care unit, 6 h and 24 h later. The severity of nausea was estimated on a 0-100 point numerical scale (0 = no nausea, 100 = maximum nausea). RESULTS: The incidence of vomiting was similar in the esomeprazole (n = 45) and the placebo (n = 48) groups (64.4% vs. 60.5%, P > 0.05). The average nausea score was 17.8 with esomeprazole and was 18.7 with placebo (P > 0.05). Only 24.7% of all patients (esomeprazole 24.4%, placebo 25.0%) did not experience any nausea or vomiting. CONCLUSION: There is no evidence that prophylactic esomeprazole reduces the incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting or the degree of postoperative nausea.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

Cardiopulmonary effects of intravenous prostaglandin E1 during experimental one-lung ventilation.

BACKGROUND: One-lung ventilation greatly improves operating conditions during thoracic surgery. Serious disadvantages of one-lung ventilation are hypoxaemia and increased pulmonary vascular resistance. Prostaglandins, like prostaglandin I2 (PGI2), are potent pulmonary vasodilators but may also influence venous admixture and systemic circulation. Since the lung is capable of extensive degradation of prostaglandin E1 (PGE1) but not of PGI2, PGE1 might affect systemic circulation to a lesser degree. Hence, we studied the effects of intravenous PGE1 on systemic and pulmonary circulation and on oxygenation during one-lung ventilation. METHODS: Lateral thoracotomy and cross-clamping of the left main stem bronchus was performed in twelve anaesthetised and ventilated pigs. Animals were cannulated with arterial, central venous and fast response thermodilution pulmonary artery catheters for haemodynamic measurements. PGE1 was administered with infusion rates of 25, 50, and 100 ng x kg (-1) x min (-1) during one-lung ventilation. RESULTS: All doses of PGE1 significantly decreased pulmonary vascular resistance and mean pulmonary artery pressure. However, a comparable significant reduction in systemic vascular resistance and mean arterial pressure was found. Arterial oxygen tension and venous admixture showed a slight but significant deterioration. Oxygen delivery remained unchanged or increased since the cardiac index increased. CONCLUSION: During one-lung ventilation in the pig, infusion of PGE1 significantly decreased pulmonary vascular resistance and pulmonary artery pressure but failed to achieve selective pulmonary vasodilation.

Airway Resistance↗
PubMed2006

Pressure-controlled versus volume-controlled one-lung ventilation for MIDCAB.

One-lung ventilation is limited by hypoventilation and hypoxemia because of increasing airway pressure and intrapulmonary shunt. Previous clinical studies compared pressure-controlled versus volume-controlled ventilation during one-lung ventilation in patients with pre-existing pulmonary disease. We studied 50 patients undergoing thoracotomy and one-lung ventilation because of cardiovascular disease. After two-lung ventilation with volume-controlled ventilation, patients were divided randomly into two groups. In one group, ventilation was switched to pressure-controlled ventilation after starting one-lung ventilation. In the other group, volume-controlled ventilation was continued. Parameters of ventilation, pulmonary function and systemic and pulmonary hemodynamics were recorded. We observed, that peak airway pressure, dead space ventilation and arterial carbon dioxide partial pressure were significantly higher during volume-controlled ventilation. After one-lung ventilation patients with pressure controlled ventilation had lower alveolar-arterial oxygen tension difference and a higher arterial oxygen partial pressure with significant differences for those patients in the intensive care unit. We conclude that pressure-controlled ventilation may be useful to improve gas exchange and alveolar recruitment during one lung ventilation.

Coronary Artery Bypass↗
PubMed2005

[Assessment of anesthesia methods in ophthalmologic surgery by patients, surgeons, and anesthesiologists].

BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to evaluate anesthesia methods in ophthalmic surgery in elderly people assessed by patients, surgeon, and anesthesiologist using subjective rating scales. PATIENTS AND METHODS: In a prospective, randomized study we compared in 52 (26 vs 26) elderly patients (ASA II and III, mean age 78.7+/-8.6 years) undergoing a cataract operation the satisfaction perceived by patients, surgeons, and anesthesiologists in relation to anesthesia methods [intravenous anesthesia (TIVA) vs balanced anesthesia (BA)] based on a score from 1=best to 6=worse. RESULTS: Patient satisfaction was better in the TIVA group (1.65) than in the patients treated with BA (2.57), p<0.001. Surgeons perceived no difference (BA 1.15/TIVA 1.07). Anesthesiologists preferred TIVA (TIVA 1.5/BA 3.23), p<0.001. CONCLUSION: In this study patients and anesthesiologists preferred TIVA. There was no difference between TIVA and BA as seen by the surgeon.

Aged↗
PubMed2005

The laryngeal tube for difficult airway management: a prospective investigation in patients with pharyngeal and laryngeal tumours.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Since the introduction of the laryngeal mask into clinical practice, various additional supraglottic ventilatory devices have been developed. Although it has been demonstrated that the laryngeal tube is an effective airway device during positive pressure ventilation no clinical study has been performed thus far regarding its use in patients with predicted ventilation and intubation difficulties. METHODS: The aim of this study was to prospectively evaluate the use of the laryngeal tube for temporary oxygenation and ventilation in adult patients with supraglottic airway tumours scheduled to undergo a pharyngeal-laryngeal oesophagoscopy and bronchoscopy under general anaesthesia. In addition to our standard airway management with face mask ventilation and rigid bronchoscopy, all patients were temporarily ventilated with an laryngeal tube. Also, in patients requiring laryngeal biopsies, endotracheal intubation was performed with a 6.0 mm microlaryngeal tracheal tube. Minute ventilation volumes, tidal volumes, ventilation pressures, end-expiratory CO2 concentration, oxygen saturation and arterial blood gas samples were measured. RESULTS: From 54 enrolled patients only patients with relevant tumour masses were evaluated (n = 23). Mask ventilation was performed without difficulty in 15 of 23 patients. Mechanical ventilation with the laryngeal tube was possible in 22 of 23 patients with an audible leak present in three. Conventional endotracheal intubation was successfully performed in 19 of 23 patients. During face mask ventilation, minute volume, tidal volume, ventilation pressure, end-tidal CO2, oxygen saturation and arterial PO2 were significantly lower and PCO2 significantly higher (P < 0.05, paired t-test). No statistically significant differences were noted between the laryngeal tube and the microlaryngeal tracheal tube. CONCLUSIONS: The possibility of difficult ventilation and intubation must always be considered, in patients with supraglottic airway tumours. In these cases, the laryngeal tube can be considered for routine airway management and may be useful in the 'cannot-intubate' situation although difficulties should be anticipated in patients with previous irradiation, specifically of the throat area.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

[Examination of a new tube connector concerning the ventilation-leakage during intraoperative bronchoskopy and bronchal suction].

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Intra-operative bronchial suction and bronchoscopy regularly diminishes ventilation pressures and volumes and causes a leakage of narcotic gases. This study was undertaken to compare the influence of a newly-developed connecting tube with check valve on these problems. METHODS: Examinations were carried out in a pressure controlled test lung with ventilation pressures between 5 and 50 mbar. Usual tube connectors and newly developed connectors with check valve were examined with respect to ventilation pressures, ventilation volumes, and leakage before and after insertion of suction catheters and bronchoscopes. RESULTS: Using normal connectors, ventilation pressures and volumes collapsed even at lowest expiratory pressures, and significant leakage occurred. The insertion of catheters or bronchoscopes had only little beneficial effects. In contrast, the new connectors with check valve showed only small leakage, even at high ventilation pressures. CONCLUSION: The new tube connectors with check valve allow intra-operative suction and bronchoscopy under constant ventilation parameters with minor leakage of anaesthetic gas.

Anesthetics, Inhalation↗
PubMed2004

Reduction of catheter-related infections in neutropenic patients: a prospective controlled randomized trial using a chlorhexidine and silver sulfadiazine-impregnated central venous catheter.

Antiseptic coating of intravascular catheters may be an effective means of decreasing catheter-related colonization and subsequent infection. The purpose of this study was to assess the efficacy of chlorhexidine and silver sulfadiazine (CH-SS)-impregnated central venous catheters (CVCs) to prevent catheter-related colonization and infection in patients with hematological malignancies who were subjected to intensive chemotherapy and suffered from severe and sustained neutropenia. Proven CVC-related bloodstream infection (BSI) was defined as the isolation of the same species from peripheral blood culture and CVC tip (Maki technique). This randomized, prospective clinical trial was carried out in 106 patients and compared catheter-related colonization and BSI using a CH-SS-impregnated CVC (n=51) to a control arm using a standard uncoated triple-lumen CVC (n=55). Patients were treated for acute leukemia (n=89), non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (n=10), and multiple myeloma (n=7). Study groups were balanced regarding to age, sex, underlying diseases, insertion site, and duration of neutropenia. The CVCs were in situ a mean of 14.3+/-8.2 days (mean+/-SD) in the study group versus 16.6+/-9.7 days in the control arm. Catheter-related colonization was observed less frequently in the study group (five vs nine patients; p=0.035). CVC-related BSI were significantly less frequent in the study group (one vs eight patients; p=0.02). In summary, in patients with severe neutropenia, CH-SS-impregnated CVCs yield a significant antibacterial effect resulting in a significantly lower rate of catheter-related colonization as well as CVC-related BSI.

Bacteremia↗
PubMed2004

Ringer's solution but not hydroxyethyl starch or modified fluid gelatin enhances platelet microvesicle formation in a porcine model of septic shock.

BACKGROUND: Sepsis is associated with volume deficit and clotting system activation. Platelet activation in sepsis results in an increased formation of microvesicles, which in turn, have been associated with increased mortality. We hypothesized an effect of different volume replacement solutions on platelet-derived microvesicle formation in septic shock. METHODS: Anaesthetized, mechanically ventilated and multi-catheterized pigs received 1 g kg(-1) body weight faeces into the abdominal cavity to induce sepsis and were observed over 8 h. Five animals in each group received volume replacement therapy with modified fluid gelatin 4% or 8% (MFG4%, MFG8%), 6% hydroxyethylstarch (HES) 200/0.5 or Ringer's solution (RS) to maintain a central venous pressure of 12 mm Hg. Flow cytometry was used for determination of microvesicles before induction of sepsis (baseline) and after 8 h. Platelets and microvesicles were identified with an anti-platelet monoclonal Ab and a secondary antibody. Microvesicles were determined as the smallest 1-3% positive cells in forward scatter. Intergroup comparisons were performed using Wilks-Lambda and Ryan-Einot-Gabriel-Welsh F-test. Differences within groups were compared using a two-tailed Student's t-test. RESULTS: Baseline values were considered as 100%. While microvesicle formation was reduced in HES (73 (sd 19)%), MFG4% (63 (41)%) and MFG8% groups (53 (17)%), an increase in the RS-group (210 (121)%) was observed. Eight hours after induction of sepsis, formation of microvesicles was significantly higher in the RS group compared to all colloid-treated groups. CONCLUSION: In this porcine septic shock model the formation of platelet-derived microvesicles was significantly increased by volume replacement with Ringer's solution in comparison to colloid solutions.

Animals↗
PubMed2004

[Aerosolized and intravenous prostacyclin during one-lung ventilation. Hemodynamic and pulmonary effects].

BACKGROUND: One-lung ventilation is frequently used in thoracic surgery. However, hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction of the atelectatic lung may produce pulmonary hypertension. The objective of the present study was to compare the acute effects of intravenous versus aerosolized prostacyclin (PGI(2)) on pulmonary and systemic circulation. METHODS: PGI(2) was administered in 11 anesthetized and unilaterally ventilated pigs by infusion (5, 10, and 20 ng/kg body weight/min) and by inhalation (4, 8, and 16 ng/kg body weight/min) in a cross-over design. RESULTS: Infusion of PGI(2) reduced both pulmonary (PVR) and systemic vascular resistance (SVR). Due to a concomitant increase in cardiac index (CI) mean arterial (MAP) and pulmonary artery pressures (MPAP) did not change significantly. In contrast, aerosolized PGI(2) produced a significant decrease in PVR (-21.4 to -32.8%) and MPAP (-12.0 to -17.8%) without affecting SVR, MAP, and CI. Arterial oxygenation tension (p(a)O(2)) was not affected. CONCLUSION: During one-lung ventilation only aerosolized prostacyclin produced a selective pulmonary vasodilation.

Administration, Inhalation↗
PubMed2004

Factors independently associated with increased risk of pain development after ophthalmic surgery.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Little has been documented about the development of pain after ophthalmic surgery. This study was designed to assess the incidence and severity of postoperative pain following ophthalmic surgery, and to identify key factors independently associated with development of such pain. METHODS: In a prospective, observational cohort study, 500 patients undergoing elective ophthalmic surgery were examined by assessing numerical analogue scales and analgesic requirements. RESULTS: Depending on anatomical location of surgery, operations could be classified into creating 'more severe' or 'less severe pain'. Patients undergoing posterior segment, corneal and muscle surgery exhibited the highest numerical analogue scale scores (risk ratio 4.5, 95% CI 3.01-6.79, P < 0.0001). Anterior segment surgery, which per se did not create much pain, resulted in significantly more pain when performed under general anaesthesia compared to regional anaesthesia (risk ratio 6.52, 95% CI 2.33-18.2, P < 0.0001). No other factors independently associated with an increased risk of developing serious postoperative pain could be identified. CONCLUSIONS: Patients undergoing certain ophthalmic operations, especially if performed under general anaesthesia, are more likely to experience serious postoperative pain.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

Differential platelet receptor expression following hydroxyethyl starch infusion in thrombocytopaenic orthotopic liver transplantation recipients.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Platelet function abnormalities influence the haemostatic defect in patients with liver failure. Patients after orthotopic liver transplantation present thrombocytopaenia associated with bleeding problems, which may be aggravated by the interaction of hydroxyethyl starches with platelets. METHODS: From 12 patients after liver transplantation venous blood samples (3 mL) were taken before, 20 and 120 min after infusion of hydroxyethyl starch of medium molecular weight (200 kDa/0.5) 6% 10 mL kg(-1) over a period of 30 min. Surface expression of glycoprotein IIb/IIIa and P-selectin were quantified by flow cytometry as well as the percentage of platelet-leucocyte complexes. RESULTS: A significant decrease of P-selectin expression following administration of hydroxyethyl starch after 120 min (89.1 +/- 4.2%, P = 0.029) and a corresponding significant reduction in the formation of platelet-monocyte complexes (81.1 +/- 7.8%, P = 0.001) were observed. There was no alteration in the glycoprotein IIb/IIIa expression after hydroxyethyl starch infusion. CONCLUSIONS: Infusion of hydroxyethyl starch 200 kDa/0.5 in clinically relevant doses does not alter glycoprotein IIb/IIIa expression in thrombocytopaenic patients with pre-existing platelet dysfunction after orthotopic liver transplantation. Accordingly, infusion of hydroxyethyl starch may have a beneficial effect on microvascular graft perfusion through the resulting haemodilution and reduced P-selectin expression with subsequent reduced leucocyte-platelet complexes and endothelial adhesion.

Blood Platelets↗
PubMed2004

[Anaesthesia in cataract surgery for elderly people].

OBJECTIVE: In the cataract surgery the problems of anaesthesia in ophthalmo-surgery and anaesthesia in elderly people are combined. For this patients we compared intravenous anaesthesia with balanced anaesthesia in cardiac and circulatory side effects (security), patients satisfaction and costs. METHODS: In a prospective, randomised study we compared in 52 (26 vs. 26) elderly patients (ASA II and III, mean age 78.7 +/- 8.6 years) undergoing a cataract operation cardiac and circulatory side effects, recovery time and patients satisfaction with the either type of anaesthesia by a score from 1 = best to 6 = worse and the occurrence of nausea/vomiting (controlled 24 h). The difference in costs were measured by the hospital management. RESULTS: Cardiac and circulatory side effects with hypotonic reactions were similar in both groups (TIVA 18 = 69.2 %/BA 20 = 76.9 %). Hypertonic reactions were mainly seen in BA (Tiva 1.9 %, BA 69.2 %/p < 0,001). There was no problem in the treatment of these side-effects. The frequency of postoperative nausea and vomiting was lower (but not significantly) in the TIVA group (TIVA 8 %/ BA 27 %) than in the BA group (7 and 4). The recovery times were shorter (p < 0.001) in TIVA, those patients were staying 24 (+/- 6.70) minutes in the post operative unit vs. 59 (+/- 28.83) minutes in BA. Patients satisfaction was better in the TIVA-group (1.65) than in the patients treated with BA. In the calculation of costs there was a disadvantage in BA. CONCLUSIONS: This study showed, that in respect of cardiac and respiratory side effects TIVA and BA are safe methods in anaesthesia for elderly people in ophthalmic surgery. Nevertheless, because of shorter recovery-times, lower incidence of hypertonic reactiones, more patients satisfaction and lower costs TIVA had better results in this study. We have to ask for the evaluation of economy in anaesthesia that not only prices of medicaments but the complete costs of the cases have to be calculated.

Aged↗
PubMed2004

[EasyScope - an alternative to the conventional Macintosh laryngoscope?].

OBJECTIVE: This study was conducted to compare two different techniques used for tracheal intubation (TI). We evaluated airway management conditions for a conventional Macintosh laryngoscope and the Brummert EasyScope, a new device. METHODS: A prospective trial was conducted with 20 medical students who had no prior airway management experience. Intubation was performed on an Ambu manikin. Following didactic instruction, each participant took turns performing TI using the Macintosh and EasyScope devices under direct supervision. Time required for TI, the number of attempts, and the number of times teeth were contacted were documented for each device. All participants also completed a questionnaire to determine self-assessed comfort and skill level for both the Macintosh and EasyScope devices. RESULTS: Time required for TI was comparable for both devices, although a trend toward slightly lower times for the EasyScope was observed. There was a lower rate of tooth contact during laryngoscopy and a lower rate of unsuccessful intubation attempts while using the EasyScope. Furthermore, the students felt the EasyScope was subjectively easier to use and required less effort during TI when compared with the Macintosh laryngoscope. CONCLUSION: Personnel not accustomed to a particular airway management technique achieved comparable outcomes when using either the Macintosh laryngoscope or the EasyScope device for TI. Possible reduction of effort required for tracheal intubation or better dental protection have to be evaluated for the EasyScope in further clinical studies.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

[Cricothyroidotomy training on cadavers - experiences in the education of medical students, anaesthetists, and emergency physicians].

OBJECTIVE: Should the technique of surgical cricothyroidotomy be practiced on cadavers and should it be a compulsory part of the teaching curriculum? Is it wise to use a speculum for the insertion of the endotracheal tube? What is the optimum size of the tube? METHODS: A surgical cricothyroidotomy with a speculum was carried out on 30 cadavers from the Institute of Legal Medicine, Medical School Hannover. This took place as part of a official and voluntary course for students of advanced semesters, anaesthetists and emergency doctors with the subjects "cricothyroidotomy, chest drainage and venous cut-down". The surgical cricothyroidotomy without the use of a speculum was carried out on 5 cadavers by two clinicians well practiced in this technique. The elapsed time between skin incision and the insertion of the endotracheal tube was measured on all five subjects. After the course the participants were asked if they were able to carry out a cricothyroidotomy in an emergency. They were also asked whether this course should be a compulsory part of their curriculum and whether practical sessions should take place. During autopsies at the Institute of Legal Medicine the length of the ligamentum conicum was measured on 40 corpses with reclined and non-reclined heads. RESULTS: The average time of storage of the cadavers was 4.2 days +/- 1.9 days. The cricothyroidotomy was possible on all 35 cadavers. In one case (3,3 %) the result was a complete rupture of the cricoid cartilage. In 5 cases (16.7 %) the horizontal incision was torn due to prising with the speculum. Difficult situations always occured when the skin incision was not exactly in the midline. The average time to place the endotracheal tube into the trachea by the surgical procedure of cricothyroidotomy was 22.4 seconds +/- 3.1 seconds (minimum 18 seconds, maximum 26 seconds). 10 % of the medical students and 50 % of the anaesthetists and emergency doctors felt they would be prepared to carry out a cricothyroidotomy in an emergency. 90 % of the students and respectively 80 % of the anaesthetists and emergency doctors stated that they would like to practice the technique on a cadaver again. Almost all participants were of the opinion that the course should be integrated as a compulsory course in a future educational curriculum. The average distance between the thyroid cartilage and the cricoid cartilage was 9.5 mm +/- 1.9 mm with non-reclined head (minimum 6 mm, maximum 14 mm) and 11.9 mm +/- 2.5 mm with reclined head (minimum 7 mm, maximum 18 mm). The average difference of distances was 2.4 mm +/- 1.2 mm (minimum 1 mm, maximum 6 mm) in reclined and non-reclined heads. CONCLUSIONS: In our opinion it is highly recommended that the technique of cricothyroidotomy should be practiced on cadavers and that the course should become a compulsory part in a future educational curriculum. In addition the incision of the ligamentum conicum using dilators or a speculum is not to be recommended from the point of view of this study. The tracheal tube used in this study (reinforced wire tube, ID 6.0) was best suited for surgical cricothyroidotomy.

Anesthesia↗
PubMed2004

[Excessive blood loss after abdominal hysterectomy -- use of recombinant factor VIIa].

MEDICAL HISTORY: A 38-yr-old woman suffered from excessive blood loss after elective removal of the uterus because of a leiomyoma. The surgical attempt to stop the bleeding failed. The laboratory evaluation before surgery showed normal coagulation parameters (aPTT 23.4 sec, TPZ > 100 %, platelet count 267 000/microl). DEVELOPMENT: Despite treatment with the plasminogen activator inhibitor Tranexamic Acid (2 x 500 mg) and 10 units of concentrated platelets as well as 31 units of fresh frozen plasma and 31 units of red blood cell concentrates the bleeding continued. Reaching an cumulative blood loss of 15 000 ml the patient developed ventricular fibrillation necessitating cardiac resuscitation including defibrillation and application of epinephrine 7 mg. At this point systolic blood pressure decreased from 90 to 70 mm Hg, the core temperature was 31,9 degrees C. After successful resuscitation (systolic blood-pressure 90 mm Hg after 15 min) the bleeding started again with a blood loss of 2000 ml requiring 3 units of fresh frozen plasma and 3 red cell concentrates Use of recombinant activated Factor VII (r.FVIIa): 6 mg (300 KiU) r.FVIIa have been applied (92 microg/kgKG [4.6 KiE/kg]). Within 10 minutes the bleeding stopped. More transfusions were not necessary. The patient left the intensive care unit 8 days after the operation without neurological deficit. CONCLUSION: The use of recombinant Factor VIIa may stop excessive haemorrhage, even if the cause is unknown.

Adult↗