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Biomedical subjects

S Perry

Publications and source records attributed to S Perry.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

Transcranial Doppler ultrasound studies of cerebral autoregulation and subarachnoid hemorrhage in the rabbit.

The authors describe a method for Doppler ultrasound recording of flow velocity in the basilar artery of normal rabbits and rabbits with experimental subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). With this transcranial Doppler (TCD) model, clinical assumptions regarding flow velocity/cerebral blood flow (CBF) relationships, autoregulatory responses, and Doppler spectral waveform analysis can be tested under controlled conditions and compared with established methods of CBF measurement (hydrogen clearance). The time course of changes in flow velocity following SAH (cerebral vasospasm) is successfully demonstrated using the experimental TCD method. There are significant differences in the flow velocity and CBF responses to hypercapnia, hypocapnia, and trimethaphan-induced hypotension which indicate that TCD cannot be considered a simple alternative to CBF measurement for the study of cerebrovascular reactivity and cerebral autoregulation.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed1990

Orthotopic heart transplantation for complex congenital heart disease.

Orthotopic heart transplantation has become standard therapy for end-stage cardiomyopathy in children and adults, but there has been much less experience with transplantation for complex congenital heart disease. In this report experience with orthotopic transplantation in seven children with various forms of complex congenital heart disease is reviewed. Diagnoses included hypoplastic left heart syndrome in two (after stage I palliation), left ventricular diverticulum in one, single ventricle in two (dextrocardia, atrial situs inversus, and total anomalous pulmonary venous return in one patient and post-Fontan repair in the second), D-transposition of the great arteries and ventricular septal defect (post-Senning repair and ventricular septal defect closure) in one, and Ebstein's anomaly with biventricular dysplasia in one. Six of the seven were hospital survivors and there has been one late death at 2 1/3 years. Modifications of the standard operative technique to fit the anatomic variations in these defects are reviewed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Combining antidepressants and psychotherapy: rationale and strategies.

Psychotherapy, in its broadest sense, is indicated for all depressed patients. General and specific research supports the potential additive effect of antidepressant medication for depressive syndromes, such as major affective or dysthymic disorders. Combined treatment is relatively less indicated for circumscribed depressive feelings, which occur in normal grief, personality disorders, and reactions to life stressors and acute medical illness. Specific strategies are described that potentiate the acceptance, compliance, and effectiveness of antidepressants.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Reporting consensus.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Consensus Statements as Topic↗
PubMed1989

Interview assessment of critically Ill patients regarding resuscitation decisions. A case study in ethics research.

To examine how patients perceive and decide their resuscitation status, we monitored 113 admissions to a coronary care unit. We review the research process, including Institutional Review Board concerns, sampling bias and permission by physicians, informed consent, and the patient interview. In-depth psychiatric interviews on 16 patients demonstrated marked misperceptions about resuscitation procedures. Although standardized psychologic measures indicated distress in some of these critically ill patients, the interview itself induced no detected untoward physiologic or emotional reactions. This pilot study demonstrates the feasibility of assessing patients regarding resuscitation status and also identifies relevant methodologic problems to guide future research of resuscitation decision-making.

Behavioral Research↗
PubMed1989

Power frequency magnetic field; depressive illness and myocardial infarction.

Surveys were made to determine whether susceptibility to depressive illness and to myocardial infarction of people living in Wolverhampton was related to the intensity of 50 Hz magnetic field outside their homes. Comparing case with control addresses it was found that the field strength was significantly higher for depressive illness (P = 0.033) but not for myocardial infarction.

Depressive Disorder↗
PubMed1989

Early neuropsychological dysfunction caused by human immunodeficiency virus.

The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), the etiological agent of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), directly affects the central nervous system (CNS) and often causes cognitive, motor, and behavioral changes and eventually a dementia prior to death. Suggestive evidence for the early onset of HIV-induced mental changes is derived from numerous case reports, the nature of subcortical CNS postmortem findings, and early abnormalities seen in cerebrospinal fluid, on brain computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, and electroencephalography, and on neuropsychological tests administered to patients with AIDS and AIDS-related complex. However, whether clinically significant cerebral impairment can precede symptoms of immunosuppression is unclear. A few studies have shown poorer performance on neuropsychological tests by asymptomatic HIV-infected subjects compared with uninfected controls, but several studies have not found this difference. To address this controversy, the current literature is reviewed, methodological problems are discussed, and recommendations are made for evaluation and treatment when early HIV-induced mental changes are suspected.

AIDS Dementia Complex↗
PubMed1989

Neuropsychological function in physically asymptomatic, HIV-seropositive men.

Twenty asymptomatic, HIV-seropositive homosexual men and a control group of 20 seronegative homosexual men were evaluated for evidence of neuropsychological impairment. Two-tailed paired t-tests of group differences revealed that the seropositive patients had significantly lower scores on two of 20 neuropsychological measures. Ten seropositive patients had scores two standard deviations below the sample, compared with three seronegative patients, a significantly different distribution (p = .04). The HIV-infected group exhibited lower mean scores on 17 of 20 variables (binomial probability, p less than .005). The 10 seropositive patients with scores that fell below the cut-off had significantly lower mean T4/T8 ratios than the 10 seropositive patients with scores above the cut-off (p = .02). The data suggest that a subpopulation of HIV-infected adults may exhibit subtle neuropsychological impairment before they develop clinical signs of cognitive deficit or immunosuppression.

AIDS Dementia Complex↗
PubMed1989

Warning third parties at risk of AIDS: APA's policy is a barrier to treatment.

The American Psychiatric Association has adopted a policy stating that psychiatrists may warn third parties who are placed at risk by the behavior of a patient infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). The author argues that although the policy appears reasonable and has well-established precedent, the public will ultimately be better served if HIV-infected patients are assured absolute confidentiality. He contends that the Tarasoff decision is not directly applicable to most HIV-infected patients, that education alone will not be sufficient to deter some infected patients from placing others at risk, that additional psychiatric interventions will be necessary to reduce the high-risk behaviors of those individuals, and that APA's policy will prevent many from seeking treatment.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1988

Color vision defects in ocular hypertension and glaucoma. Quantification with a computer-driven color television system.

In order to detect early defects of color vision caused by increased intraocular pressure, a computer graphics device and color monitor system were used to measure color contrast sensitivity. The system determines the threshold chrominance of a colored grating in which there is no change in luminance. The study included 13 control subjects aged 10 to 57 years and 19 patients with ocular hypertension or glaucoma aged 20 to 58 years. In the 13 eyes with visual field loss, color contrast sensitivity was profoundly reduced when the grating colors fell on a tritan color confusion line. In the eyes without visual field loss, tritan color contrast sensitivity was reduced to an average level considerably below the extreme limits of the control group. These results were compared with those of other color vision tests and diagnostic criteria for glaucoma. The findings suggest that among the tests used, color contrast sensitivity testing was able to discriminate most effectively between patients who had retinal damage and the normal population.

Color Perception Tests↗
PubMed1988

Color vision testing with a computer graphics system: preliminary results.

We report a method for computer enhancement of color vision tests. In our graphics system 256 colors are selected from a much larger range and displayed on a screen divided into 768 x 288 pixels. Eight-bit digital-to-analogue converters drive a high quality monitor with separate inputs to the red, green, and blue amplifiers and calibrated gun chromaticities. The graphics are controlled by a PASCAL program written for a personal computer, which calculates the values of the red, green, and blue signals and specifies them in Commité Internationale d'Eclairage X, Y, and Z fundamentals, so changes in chrominance occur without changes in luminance. The system for measuring color contrast thresholds with gratings is more than adequate in normal observers. In patients with mild retinal damage in whom other tests of visual function are normal, this method of testing color vision shows specific increases in contrast thresholds along tritan color-confusion lines. By the time the Hardy-Rand-Rittler and Farnsworth-Munsell 100-hue tests disclose abnormalities, gross defects in color contrast threshold can be seen with our system.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Hospitalization stress in children: sensitizer and repressor coping styles.

To examine the effects of individual sensitizer/repressor coping styles on responses to hospital procedures, 56 children (mean age = 6.5 years) were observed during hospitalization for minor surgery. Although the sensitizer children, as classified by their mothers, did not differ from the repressor children on baseline measures including hospital preparation, they were more talkative, expressive, and active during hospital play observations. During blood tests and preoperative injections, the sensitizers, compared with the repressors, were reported by their mothers to observe the procedures, to seek additional information about the procedures, and to show more protest behaviors. Finally, the sensitizer children required fewer hours of intensive care.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1988

Infants of depressed mothers show "depressed" behavior even with nondepressed adults.

To determine whether the "depressed" behavior (e.g., less positive affect and lower activity level) of infants noted during interactions with their "depressed" mothers generalizes to their interactions with nondepressed adults, 74 3-6-month-old infants of "depressed" and nondepressed mothers were videotaped in face-to-face interactions with their mothers and with nondepressed female strangers. "Depressed" mothers and their infants received lower ratings on all behaviors than nondepressed mothers and infants. Although the infants of "depressed" versus nondepressed mothers also received lower ratings with the stranger adult, very few differences were noted between those infants' ratings when interacting with their mother versus the stranger, suggesting that their "depressed" style of interacting is not specific to their interactions with depressed mothers but generalizes to their interactions with nondepressed adults as early as 3 months of age.

Adolescent↗