[Epidemiologic and practical problems in the application of BCG vaccination].
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Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to S Perdrizet.
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The frequency of chronic bronchitis and the late and irreversible character of the respiratory invalidity thus caused, led to recognition at an early stage when the disease is usually neglected by the patient. In the choice of examinations designed to select pathological cases, it is important to take into consideration a few elementary notions of methodology. 1 - Precise definition of objectives. 2 - Drawing up a questionnaire and evaluation of its performance. 3 - The place, execution and interpretation of morphological and functional investigations, are the main points developed from personal investigations and similar investigations carried out in other countries. Quality controls of these main methods of analysis of the disease under study are necessary for reliable numerical evaluation. The principles drawn up should be borne in mind at a time when epidemiology is occupying a basic position in bioclinical research and numerous attempts have been made to carry out investigations from which one should obtain the maximum information.
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The frequency of asthma in a population including all the adolescents attending school in the department of Bas-Rhin (29 138) in May and June 1976, is 4,1%. This rate is 4,9% in boys and 3,4% in girls. The frequency of asthma is higher in urban areas (5,0%) than in rural areas (3,8%). Asthma is related to respiratory symptoms and is related to more school absenteeism (26%) than in non asthmatics (13,7%). These findings are confirmed by the data given in other medical surveys.
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A large epidemiological survey carried out in the spring of 1981 among the teenagers attending school in Bordeaux and its surroundings enabled us to study the relationship between the history of broncho-pulmonary diseases in childhood and infancy and chronic cough in teenagers. The population consisted of 15,247 pupils (average age, 16.5 years). There were 47% boys. Data collection was carried out by means of self-administered questionnaires filled out in class. Besides socio-demographic information and questions about smoking habits, the pupils answered questions concerning present respiratory symptoms and history of bronchopulmonary diseases before 2 years of age and between ages 2 and 6. A chronic cough was present in 4.3% of the pupils. This proportion was significantly higher in girls, older pupils, smokers, those belonging to lower social classes and asthmatics. The relationships between history of bronchopulmonary diseases during childhood and infancy and present chronic cough were highly significant and remained so after adjustments for confounding factors. This relationship existed also in the sub-population of non-asthmatic pupils.