Biomedical subjects

S Pascal

Publications and source records attributed to S Pascal.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources

PubMed1989

Sensitivity and specificity of positron emission tomography and magnetic resonance imaging studies in Alzheimer's disease and multi-infarct dementia.

Positron emission tomographic (PET) scans using [18F]-fluorodeoxyglucose and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans were quantitatively analyzed for metabolic and structural abnormalities in normal subjects and patients classified as having Alzheimer's disease (AD), mixed dementia and multi-infarct dementia (MID) according to Hachinski ischemic scores. MRI-detected abnormalities in the periventricular white matter and in subcortical locations increased in incidence with age in normals and increased markedly in AD and especially in MID. Upper limits for the severity of these white matter lesions could be defined only for normal young and elderly subjects, but not for AD, mixed or MID patients. PET scan abnormalities occurred in about 90% of demented patients and in 54% of elderly and 34% of young normals. There was no characteristic pattern of abnormality that distinguished MID from AD patients. It is concluded that PET and MRI studies in demented patients are useful ancillary tests especially in evaluating the mild, questionably demented subject and for assessing the functional impact of structural disease.

Aged↗

PubMed1988

Sensitivity of cerebral glucose metabolism to age, gender, brain volume, brain atrophy, and cerebrovascular risk factors.

In 76 normal volunteers studied by positron emission tomography, with [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose, CMRglu was significantly lower in the elderly as compared with young subjects and significantly higher in females relative to males. However, in 58 of these subjects who also had magnetic resonance imaging scans, age and gender were found to be unrelated to CMRglu, when the effects of brain volume and brain atrophy on CMRglu were partialed out using covariate analyses. Individually, brain volume was found to have a significant effect on CMRglu, explaining approximately 17% of the variability in CMRglu measures and brain atrophy explaining approximately 8% of the variance in CMRglu. Together these two measures accounted for approximately 21% of the variance. Cerebrovascular risk factors in normal subjects were not found to affect mean CMRglu or the variability of CMRglu measures. In this study almost 80% of the variance in CMRglu could not be explained by any of the factors that had been considered. This implies a lack of sensitivity of absolute values of global CMRglu to the mild effects of brain dysfunction. Although some of the unexplained variance is probably methodological in origin, physiological factors that are difficult to quantify, such as the state of arousal, are likely to be contributory as well.

Adult↗

PubMed1988

Prealbumin-retinol-binding-protein-retinol complex in hemodialysis patients.

In hemodialysis (HD) patients, serum prealbumin (TBPA) is correlated to nutritional status and outcome despite usually elevated serum levels. The purpose of this work was to study the role of TBPA-retinol-binding-protein (RBP)-retinol complex changes in the elevation of serum TBPA in HD patients. Serum TBPA, RBP, and retinol were measured in 30 otherwise healthy HD patients (15 men, 15 women) and in 30 healthy volunteers (15 men, 15 women). The dependence of TBPA on RBP was studied by covariance and regression methods. TBPA (p less than 0.05), RBP (p less than 0.01), and retinol (p less than 0.05) were elevated in HD patients. Elevated TBPA was associated with a decrease of TBPA free from RBP (p less than 0.01). The decrease of free TBPA may explain the reduction of TBPA breakdown and its elevation in HD patients.

Adult↗

PubMed1988