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Biomedical subjects

S Parker

Publications and source records attributed to S Parker.

252 records · Page 14Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

Insulin and glucose responses to various starch-containing foods in type II diabetic subjects.

The circulating insulin and glucose responses in type II diabetic subjects were determined for 5 h after ingestion of various meals, each containing 50 g carbohydrate. The purpose of the study was to 1) systematically study the insulin response to several different high-starch foods, 2) determine whether this insulin response could be predicted by the glucose response, and 3) determine whether the glucose response could be predicted by the physical structure and digestibility of the ingested carbohydrate. Each subject served as his own control. Carbohydrate was given in the form of potatoes, bread, oatmeal, rice, lentils, kidney beans, cornflakes, high-amylose corn muffins, and low-amylose corn muffins. Bread, oatmeal, rice, lentils, kidney beans, and high-amylose corn muffins resulted in a significantly lower glucose area than 50 g glucose, and the glucose response generally could be predicted by the physical structure and the known digestibility of the ingested carbohydrate. The insulin rise was statistically significantly greater than would be predicted from the glucose response for oatmeal, lentils, kidney beans, and high-amylose corn muffins. Although not statistically significant, the mean was greater than predicted for every other food except potatoes when the insulin response to 50 g glucose was used as a standard. These results indicate that the insulin response cannot be predicted by the glucose response.

Aged↗
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The glycemic effect of different meals approximately isocaloric and similar in protein, carbohydrate, and fat content as calculated using the ADA exchange lists.

The effect on plasma glucose concentration of four different, approximately isocaloric breakfasts designed using the American Diabetes Association food exchange lists was studied in eight type II diabetic patients. The meals were estimated to contain similar amounts of carbohydrate, protein, and fat and were given in random order. The plasma glucose responses to the different meals were similar except for one meal. This meal resulted in a greater glucose increase but the latter could be explained by the substitution of banana for orange juice in the meal. Banana contains starch as well as fructose and glucose, whereas orange juice contains glucose, fructose, and sucrose. In regard to the postmeal glucose response, these data indicate that the ADA food exchange list is useful in meal planning, at least for breakfast.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Pre- and neonatal exposure to cimetidine but not ranitidine adversely affects adult sexual functioning of male rats.

Cimetidine, ranitidine or water were administered to pregnant rats from the 12th day of pregnancy through weaning at 21 days of age. The effects of such treatments upon the male progeny were evaluated. Anogenital distance and indices, measures of masculinity, were found to be reduced (p less than 0.05) in pups of cimetidine-exposed dams but not in the pups obtained from either the ranitidine or water controls. In addition, at 55 days and 110 days of age, the testes and ventral prostate-seminal vesicles (androgen responsive tissues) of the rats exposed to cimetidine were smaller (p less than 0.05) than those of the other two groups. Moreover, at both 55 and 110 days of age, the testosterone levels were reduced (p less than 0.05) in these same pups. Despite the fact that the cimetidine-exposed animals had reduced testosterone levels compared to the other two groups, the LH levels did not differ between the three groups. Finally, both before and after exogenous androgen replacement, the sexual behavior of the cimetidine exposed animals was diminished when compared to that of the other two groups. These results suggest that cimetidine but not ranitidine adversely affects male androgenization and neuroendocrine programming and suggests that its use in pregnant women may adversely affect the adult sexual behavior and development of their male progeny.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Adverse effects of ethanol upon the adult sexual behavior of male rats exposed in utero.

The effect of fetal and neonatal exposure of male rat pups to alcohol on subsequent growth and development of the testes is examined. In addition, the consequences of such alcohol exposure upon the sexual behavior and performance of these same rats during their adult life is reported. The data suggest that fetal and neonatal alcohol exposure adversely affects gonadal growth and development as well as disturbing adult sexual behavior and performance.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The effect of three different ranitidine dosage regimens on reducing gastric acidity and volume in ambulatory surgical patients.

STUDY OBJECTIVE: To evaluate three different preoperative oral dosing regimens of ranitidine in ambulatory patients who had significant risk of aspiration pneumonitis (gastric pH < or = 2.5 or volume > or = 25 ml at intubation or extubation). DESIGN: Double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized trial. SETTING: St. Francis Hospital of Buffalo, New York. PATIENTS: Two hundred seventy-one ambulatory patients about to undergo a surgical procedure under general anesthesia, of whom 241 (89%) completed the trial and were considered evaluable. INTERVENTIONS: Patients were randomly assigned to receive one of four regimens administered orally before surgery: placebo at bedtime the night before and in the morning on the day of surgery; ranitidine 150 mg at bedtime and in the morning; ranitidine 150 mg at bedtime and placebo in the morning; or ranitidine 300 mg at bedtime and placebo in the morning. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Patients who received ranitidine 150 mg twice/day, ranitidine 150 mg at bedtime, or ranitidine 300 mg at bedtime had a significantly (p < 0.05) lower frequency of a gastric pH 2.5 or below at intubation or extubation than those taking placebo twice/day (3%, 45%, and 31%, respectively, vs 86%). In addition, gastric volume at intubation or extubation was 25 ml or above in significantly fewer patients receiving ranitidine 150 mg at bedtime than placebo (37% vs 13%, p < 0.05). Overall, the number of patients with risk factors for aspiration pneumonitis was significantly lower with ranitidine 150 mg twice/day (20%), ranitidine 150 mg at bedtime (48%), and ranitidine 300 mg at bedtime (35%) than placebo (86%) (p < 0.001), and significantly lower with ranitidine 150 mg twice/day than ranitidine 150 mg at bedtime (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Ranitidine 150 mg twice/day preoperatively reduced to the greatest degree the percentage of patients who developed significant risk factors for aspiration pneumonitis after surgery under general anesthesia.

Ambulatory Surgical Procedures↗