[Papules along the borders of the hands and feet].
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Adult↗
Biomedical subjects
S Parent
Publications and source records attributed to S Parent.
Bacterial diversity in a marine methanol-fed denitrification reactor at the montreal biodome, Canada.
The bacterial biota of a methanol-fed denitrification reactor used to treat seawater at the Montreal Biodome were investigated using culture-dependent and molecular biology methods. The microbiota extracted from the reactor carriers were cultivated on three media. Three isolate types were recovered and their 16S ribosomal DNA (rDNA) genes were determined. The analysis showed that the isolate types were related to alpha-Proteobacteria. They are members of the Hyphomicrobium and Paracoccus genera and the Phyllobacteriaceae family. Uncultured bacteria were identified through a 16S rDNA library generated from total DNA extracted from the microbiota. Clones were screened for different restriction profiles and for different DGGE (denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis) migration profiles. More than 70% of clones have the same restriction profile, and the sequence of representative clones showed a relation with the Methylophaga members of the Piscirickettsia family (gamma-Proteobacteria). Sequences from other profiles were related to bacterial species involved in denitrification. The number of species in the denitrification reactor was estimated at 15. Bacterial colonization on newly added carriers in the denitrification reactor was monitored by PCR-DGGE. The DGGE migration profiles evolved during the first 5 weeks and then remained essentially unchanged. PCR-DGGE was also used to monitor the microbial profiles in various aquarium locations. As expected, bacterial populations differed from one location to another, except for the sand and trickling filters which presented similar DGGE migration profiles.
Alphaproteobacteria↗
[Radiation-induced temporary hair loss after endovascular embolization of the cerebral arteries: six cases].
BACKGROUND: Intraoperative fluoroscopy imaging during coronaroplasty or transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt may induce chronic radiodermatitis. Temporary hair loss is a peculiar form of radiodermatitis following endovascular surgery of the cerebral arteries. CASE REPORTS: Six patients (2 women, 4 men, age range: 27-47 years old) were seen for a solitary plaque of alopecia. In all of the cases, the plaque had appeared two weeks after a neuroradiologically guided embolization procedure. No other skin lesions were seen. Alopecia spontaneously and completely regressed within three to four months. However, it reappeared after a subsequent embolization (one case) but not after arteriographies (five cases). DISCUSSION: Five similar cases have been reported in the literature. Transient alopecia often occurs after neurologically guided endovascular surgery of the cerebral arteries. This side-effect is well known by neurosurgeons and thus, these patients are rarely referred to a dermatologist. Two differential diagnoses must be evoqued: alopecia aerata and anticonvulsant - induced alopecia. The role played as cofactor by carbamazepine which is a photosensitivant drug, is discussed.
Adult↗
3D biplanar statistical reconstruction of scoliotic vertebrae.
A new 3D reconstruction method of scoliotic vertebrae of a spine, using two calibrated conventional radiographic images (postero-anterior and lateral), and a global prior knowledge on the geometrical structure of each vertebra is presented. This geometrical knowledge is efficiently captured by a statistical deformable template integrating a set of admissible deformations, expressed by the first modes of variation in the Karhunen-Loeve expansion of the pathological deformations observed on a representative scoliotic vertebra population. The proposed reconstruction method consists in fitting the projections of this deformable template with the preliminary segmented contours of the corresponding vertebra on the two radiographic views. The 3D reconstruction problem is stated as the minimization of a cost function for each vertebra and solved with a gradient descent technique. The reconstruction of the spine is then made vertebra by vertebra. The proposed method allows also to efficiently obtain an accurate 3D reconstruction of each scoliotic vertebra and, consequently, it allows also to get an accurate knowledge of the 3D structure of the whole scoliotic spine. This reconstruction method is in final phase of validation.
Artificial Intelligence↗
Are meiofauna transient or resident in sand filters of marine aquariums?
A paradoxical situation was found in the sand filters of a cold marine mesocosm: meiofaunal masses which were large enough to inhibit the mineralization and nitrification processes coexisted with nitrogen cycling bacteria. To test whether the copepod-dominated meiofauna were resident and actively feeding or transient and carried passively through the sand filters, residence times (RTs) were measured for various meiofaunal groups in a newly started filter and in a long established one. Most meiofauna colonized the newly started filter in less than 6 h, but their RTs were less than 24 h. In contrast, RTs were 147d for halacarids, 291 d for harpacticoid copepods and 1228d for nematodes in the long established filter. Mesocosm periphyton. which occupied a large fraction of the mesocosm surface area and was characterized by high meiofaunal densities, was probably the main source of meiofauna in the sand filters. Pool sediments, consisting of gravel or sand, were second to periphyton and contributed hydrozoans and mesopsammic species to the filters. The small copepod Pseudonychocamptus proximus progressively replaced the large Tisbe furcata in sand filters during the fall of 1995 and was responsible for the large increase in meiofaunal biomass observed after spring 1996. This replacement was presumably facilitated by the copepod size selection process operated by the filters. Large copepods were retained by the surface layer of sand or brought up by the backwash water and then exit the mesocosm through the drain. High meiofaunal populations did not significantly affect nitrogen cycling bacteria in sand filters probably because meiofauna also fed on other abundant food sources which were carried in by the water flow.
Animals↗
Allosteric effects of G protein overexpression on the binding of beta-adrenergic ligands with distinct inverse efficacies.
Allosteric models of G protein-coupled receptors predict that G protein influences the spontaneous isomerization between inactive (R) and active (R*) conformations. Since inverse agonists have been proposed to preferentially bind to the inactive and uncoupled form(s), changes in the G protein content should influence the binding properties of these ligands. To test this hypothesis, we systematically assessed the effect of G proteins on the binding of beta(2)-adrenergic ligands with distinct levels of inverse efficacy. Recombinant baculoviruses encoding the human beta(2)-adrenoreceptor (beta(2)AR) were expressed alone or in combination with G protein subunits in Sf9 cells. Coexpression with the G protein alpha s beta 1 gamma 2 did not influence the relative efficacy of the ligands to inhibit the adenylyl cyclase but induced considerable decrease in number of sites detected by [(3)H]ICI 118551, [(3)H]propranolol, and (125)I-cyanopindolol. This loss was proportional to the inverse efficacy of the ligand used as the radiotracer in the assay. The addition of Gpp(NH)p inhibited the effects of G protein overexpression indicating that the G proteins acted allosterically. Consistent with this notion, Western blot analysis revealed that coexpression with the G proteins was not accompanied by a loss of immunoreactive beta(2)AR. Such allosteric effects of the G proteins were also observed in mammalian cells expressing endogenous level of G proteins indicating that the phenomenon is not unique to overexpression systems. Taken together, these results demonstrate that the apparent receptor number detected by radiolabeled inverse agonists is affected by the content in G proteins as a result of their influence on R/R* isomerization.
Allosteric Regulation↗
The Canadian orthopaedic residency experience.
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Canada↗
[Misleading or rare cutaneous drug reactions].
Drug hypersensitivity syndrome and drug-induced cutaneous pseudolymphoma were for a long time considered as one and the same. Today, however, two clinical entities have been distinguished; the former is responsible for a mortality rate estimated at 10% whereas the prognosis of the latter is always excellent. Acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis is a rare drug eruption individualised in 1980. Numerous drugs can induce acneiform eruptions or trigger or even worsen an authentic acne. The number of drugs responsible for buccal mucous membrane involvement is on the increase; gingival hypertrophy remains a rare drug reaction, a certain number of drugs such as nicorandil can cause buccal aphtae and even giant ones.
Acneiform Eruptions↗
The 'first to perish'. Child euthanasia in the Third Reich.
In an attempt to improve racial fitness, racial policy in the Third Reich targeted many groups, including physically and mentally handicapped children. An early program identified disabled children who were systematically selected and then transferred to various hospital centers where they were actively euthanatized. The program, directed by mainstream German physicians, was begun on the eve of war and was a harbinger of the evils to come. This article highlights the "scientific thought" that provided the rationale for this policy together with the details of implementation of the active euthanasia program and profiles one of the major participants, Werner Catel, DrMed, who was a distinguished pediatrician.
Child↗
Correlates of attachment at school age: maternal reported stress, mother-child interaction, and behavior problems.
The contribution of attachment, maternal reported stress, and mother-child interaction to the prediction of teacher-reported behavior problems was examined for a French-Canadian sample of 121 school-age children. Attachment classifications were assigned on the basis of reunion behavior with mother when the children were between 5 and 7 years of age. Maternal reported stress and mother-child interaction patterns were assessed concurrent to the attachment measure, whereas behavior problems were evaluated both at ages 5 to 7 and 7 to 9 years. Security of attachment significantly predicted the likelihood of school-age behavior problems: Controlling/other children were most at risk for both externalizing and internalizing problems across both age periods. Younger ambivalent children presented clinical cut-off levels of externalizing problems, and older avoidant boys had higher internalizing scores. Patterns of maternal-reported stress and mother-child interaction differed across attachment groups and contributed to prediction of school-age behavior problems, partially mediating the relation between attachment and adaptation. Results support the importance of attachment in explaining school-age adaptation and validity of attachment coding for children of this age.
Adult↗
[Adrenalectomy by posterior approach for benign adrenocortical tumors. Apropos of 12 cases].
The posterior extra-peritoneal route is usually preferred for exeresis of benign tumors of the adrenal glands measuring less than 5 cm. We examined the hospital reports for patients in which Young access was used since 1985. From December 1985 to December 1994, 12 patients underwent surgery for benign tumor of the adrenal gland. There were 9 women and 3 men (mean age 49.4 years, range 29-67). In all patients, the tumor was localized pre-operatively on a CT-scan. There was a unique tumor in each case. There were 11 adrenal adenomas including 10 Conn tumors and 1 secreting tumor (Cushing's syndrome). The last case was a cortical cyst. One patient died in the post-operative period, probably due to massive pulmonary embolism although necroscopic evidence was not obtained. Parietal infection occurred in one case and a spontaneously regressive hematoma in another. Mean duration of hospitalization was 7.0 days. At follow-up, 1 patient suffered deinnervation of the oblique muscles of the abdomen which did not require reoperation. Two months after surgery, clinical signs and hormone disorders related to the Conn adenomas had regressed in 7 of the 9 patients. In summary, the posterior route is perfectly adapted to the treatment of benign tumors of the adrenal glands when the exact localization can be identified on pre-operative imaging. This access should be considered as the reference route of evaluating laparoscopic procedures.
Adrenal Cortex Neoplasms↗
Mutation of tyrosine-141 inhibits insulin-promoted tyrosine phosphorylation and increased responsiveness of the human beta 2-adrenergic receptor.
The ability of insulin to promote phosphorylation of the human beta 2-adrenergic receptor (beta 2AR) was assessed in Chinese hamster fibroblasts transfected with beta 2AR cDNA. Phosphotyrosine residues were detected in purified beta 2AR using a polyclonal anti-phosphotyrosine antibody and by phosphoamino acid analysis following metabolic labelling with inorganic 32P. Treatment of the cells with insulin induced a 2.4-fold increase in the phosphotyrosine content of the receptor. The insulin-promoted phosphorylation of the beta 2AR was accompanied by an increase in the beta-adrenergic-stimulated adenyl cyclase activity. Substitution of a phenylalanine residue for tyrosine-141 completely prevented both the increased tyrosine phosphorylation and the enhanced responsiveness of the beta 2AR promoted by insulin treatment. Mutation of three other tyrosines located in the cytoplasmic domain of the receptor, tyrosine-366, tyrosine-350 and tyrosine-354, did not abolish the insulin-promoted tyrosine phosphorylation. Taken together, these results suggest that insulin promotes phosphorylation of the beta 2AR on tyrosine-141 and that such phosphorylation leads to a supersensitization of the receptor.
Amino Acid Sequence↗
[Intestinal resection in the treatment of Crohn disease. Retrospective study of a series of 106 cases].
Crohn's disease needs medical and surgical management. Most patients are operated and surgical procedure the most often realised is intestinal resection. The authors report their experience of 106 intestinal resection performed between 01/01/1980 and 31/12/1992, in the "service de Chirurgie C" of the "CHU de Nancy" for patients operated for the first time for Crohn's disease. They were 54 men and 52 women with an average age of 31.7 years at operative time. The following clinical patterns were established: small intestine 36, colonic 10 and ileocolic 60 patients. The average length of evolution before surgery was 4.5 years. The main indication was intestinal obstruction in small intestine patterns (91%) and poor response to medical therapy in colonic patterns (30%). Usual surgical procedure was to remove all visibly diseased bowell with healthy margin of resection, as judged by gross examination, of 3 to 5 cm. Postoperative morbidity was low (17.9%) with 3 anastomotic leakages. Postoperative morbidity was 1.9% (2 patients). The average duration of follow-up was 4 years. Among the 106 patients operated for the first time for their Crohn's disease, 19 (18%) were operated again, at least one time, during the follow-up. The quality of life of operated patients is considered as good with only one patient very invalidated by a short small bowel syndrome. According to the data of their series and the literature, the authors conclude that in Crohn's disease, excisional surgery is able to improve patients clinical status account to a low morbidity and mortality, with a low risk of short small bowel syndrome as clinical course but it does not avoid recurrence.
Adolescent↗
Actinomyces naeslundii, acute cholecystitis, and carcinoma of the gallbladder.
This report describes the first case of biliary actinomycosis associated with an adenocarcinoma of the gallbladder. Actinomyces naeslundii was encountered as a pure isolate after a precise and careful identification. Although, in diagnosis, cancer and actinomycosis are often confused, the simultaneous occurrence of actinomycosis in cancer lesions can happen. This case illustrates the diagnostic challenge of actinomycosis.
Actinomyces↗
[Splenectomy under celioscopy].
Laparoscopic splenectomy has been extensively developed since its first description by Delaître in 1991. From May 1993 to July 1994, 12 patients underwent laparoscopic splenectomy in the "service de Chirurgie C" of the "CHU de Nancy". Six of them were successful. 6 women with a mean age of 27.7 years. The mean operating time was 2 h 30 min. For all cases, the indication was idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura. No mortality and no morbidity was reported. One patient needed a blood transfusion. The postoperative stay ranged from 3 to 7 days. Splenectomy appears to be another procedure that may be successfully performed under laparoscopic guidance with satisfactory conditions of safety. The outcome evaluation should be continued in order to accurately define the real advantages and risks of this new technique.
Adolescent↗
[Celioscopic treatment of acute obstructions caused by adhesions of the small intestine. Experience of 35 cases].
Postoperative adhesions are the primary cause of occlusion of the small bowel. We evaluated the feasibility and the immediate postoperative results of laparoscopic procedures for acute adhesions on the small bowel. Between September 1992 and March 1995, we performed laparoscopic procedures in 35 patients with acute occlusion of the small bowel. The preoperative work-up highly suggestive of adhesion. There were 17 males and 18 females, mean age 48.2 years. In 30 patients, the operation confirmed the preoperative diagnosis of occlusion by adhesions. Lysis was performed entirely via the laparoscopic route in 21 of the 30 patients (70%). Immediate postoperative complications were 3 bowel lesions. Intestinal mobility was re-established in 1.8 days after operation and the mean duration of hospitalization was 5 days for patients with laparoscopic procedure alone compared with 3.4 days for intestinal mobility and 10.4 days hospitalization for the 9 patients who were converted to laparotomy. An eventration of the trocar orifice occurred late in one patient and ischaemic stenosis of the bowel required laparotomy in another. There were no deaths. Laparoscopic treatment of adhesion occlusions is a feasible operation. Morbidity is low in experienced hands. The immediate benefit is rapid intestinal mobility and shorter hospital stay. The effect on long-term risk to be evaluated.
Acute Disease↗
[Post-traumatic priapism in a 11 year-old child].
We report on the case of a post-traumatic priapism in an 11-year-old boy. The clinical features and pathophysiological data showed that it was a high flow form with normal venous outflow; such a condition is very uncommon in the literature. Surgery aimed to perform a spongiocavernosal shunt and allowed recovery.
Age Factors↗
Effects of acid precipitation on Daphnia magna.
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Acids↗