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Biomedical subjects

S Pallanti

Publications and source records attributed to S Pallanti.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1997

Relapse in young paranoid schizophrenic patients: a prospective study of stressful life events, P300 measures, and coping.

OBJECTIVE: The authors investigated the relationship of cognitive and coping characteristics to stressful life events at the time of relapse in patients with recent-onset paranoid schizophrenia. METHOD: Over 6 years, the authors collected data on 41 schizophrenic outpatients aged 18-28 years at recruitment. The patients were rated prospectively every 2 weeks with the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale, Scale for the Assessment of Negative Symptoms, Scale for the Assessment of Positive Symptoms, Global Assessment of Functioning Scale, and life events measures. The Frankfurt Questionnaire of Complaints was used to analyze subjective complaints regarding cognitive and coping abilities. The P300 auditory event-related potential was measured at recruitment to provide an index of information-processing capability. RESULTS: Patients without severe life events during the 1 month before relapse had a smaller P300, more subjective complaints, and less coping capacity than did relapsed schizophrenic subjects who had severe life events in the month before relapse. CONCLUSIONS: Relapses in subjects without severe life events were associated with fewer cognitive resources and less coping ability. Patients with normal P300 and adequate coping resources seemed to be able to deal better with stressful life events.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1996

Smooth-pursuit eye movement and saccadic intrusions in obsessive-compulsive disorder.

Although several reports agree that smooth-pursuit eye movement (SPEM) is abnormal in some obsessive-compulsive disordered (OCD) patients, differences between treatments and lack of accuracy in control selection make the results controversial. Although reduced gain seems the most accepted abnormality, the characteristics of saccadic disruption of smooth pursuit are as yet unspecified. SPEMs in 21 OCD patients (DSM-III-R) and 21 healthy subjects recruited from the community were studied through a multiple target velocity task . The two groups were individually matched on age, gender, and level of education. None of the subjects had a history of substance dependence apart from the smokers who refrained from smoking in the 2 hours prior to the test. A significantly lower SPEM gain and increased number and frequency of anticipatory saccades (ASs) was found in OCD patients as compared with control subjects. No relationship emerged between eye movement abnormalities and clinical variables explored.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

No evidence of linkage between schizophrenia and D2 dopamine receptor gene locus in Italian pedigrees.

Our purpose was to test the dopamine D2 receptor gene (DRD2), the tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) gene and the monoamino oxydase A (MAO-A) gene for linkage to schizophrenia and bipolar disorders. We have analyzed seven Italian families with schizophrenia and four families with bipolar disorders for a total of 68 individuals; 32 individuals were affected. Diagnoses were made using the structured clinical interview Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia, Lifetime version (SADS-L). The results of our study provide no evidence of linkage between alleles at D2 dopamine receptor loci and schizophrenia or bipolar disorders. The markers TH gene and MAO-A gene give slightly positive or negative results suggesting the utility of further analysis on more informative families.

Bipolar Disorder↗
PubMed1994

Absence of APP713 mutation in Italian and Russian families with schizophrenia.

A recent study has shown a mutation at codon 713 of the amyloid precursor protein (APP) gene in a schizophrenic patient. We have analyzed the MaeIII restriction site caused by that mutation in Italian and Russian families with schizophrenia. No mutations were observed suggesting that the APP713 mutation is unlikely to be linked to the pathogenesis of such a psychiatric disorder.

Alzheimer Disease↗
PubMed1992

MDMA (Ecstasy) precipitation of panic disorder.

The authors describe three patients whose panic disorder began during recreational use of MDMA (Ecstasy) and was subsequently complicated by agoraphobic avoidance that continued autonomously after cessation of the drug. Their panic disorder responded well to serotoninergic antidepressant drugs. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.

3,4-Methylenedioxyamphetamine↗
PubMed1992

Smooth-pursuit eye movements: alterations in Alzheimer's disease.

Smooth-pursuit eye movements induced by targets moving at constant velocities (from 5 to 100 deg/sec) were recorded from 13 patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and from 11 healthy subjects. Four variables were evaluated to quantify the patients' response to the eye movement tests: (1) average peak velocity of smooth-pursuit; (2) percent target matching index after saccade removal (percent ratio between the area of the velocity curve of smooth-pursuit eye movement after saccade removal and the area of target velocity) which is related to the eye performance for each value of target velocity; (3) total amplitude of anticipatory saccades; (4) total number of anticipatory saccades. Compared to the controls, AD patients were found to have significantly lower values of average peak velocity of smooth pursuit and of percent target matching index and a significantly increased number and amplitude of anticipatory saccades. A discriminant stepwise analysis indicated that 5 oculographic variables were significantly associated with the patient's clinical condition (healthy volunteer or AD patient). These statistics yielded an equation for predicting the patient's status according to which the percentage of cases classified correctly was 82.6% in the overall group (n = 23). The predictive performance was similar between the healthy volunteers subgroup (81.8%, n = 11) and the AD subgroup (83.3%, n = 12). The discriminant score was significantly correlated with the score resulting from the MiniMental test (r = 0.67). A significant correlation was also found between the MiniMental score and the number of anticipatory saccades (r = -0.61). No significant correlation was present between the gain of smooth pursuit and the patients' cognitive decline.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Aged↗
PubMed1992

Onset of panic disorder.

The situations in which the first panic attack occurred were investigated in 44 patients affected by panic disorder. Although the first panic attack was reported to be unexpected and no avoidance was present before it, 75.8% of patients (N = 22) with panic disorder with agoraphobia had their first panic attack in phobogenic situations, compared with 20% of patients (N = 3) with panic disorder without agoraphobia.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Perception of early parenting in panic and agoraphobia.

Thirty-two patients with a DSM-III-R diagnosis of panic disorder (PD) were administered the Parental Bonding Instrument (PBI), a 25-item self-report questionnaire devised to evaluate parental rearing practices. Compared with 32 matched healthy controls, PD patients scored both their parents as being significantly less caring and more overprotective. Moreover, the consistency of parental attitudes between the 2 parents was significantly lower, indicating lesser uniformity in the rearing patterns.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Epidemiology of mood disorders: a community survey in Florence.

A structured interview designed to detect affective disorders and to produce both DSM-III and DSM-III-R diagnoses was administered to a community sample of 1000 people living in Florence. The interviews were carried out by physician-psychiatrists (qualified psychiatrists or 3rd-4th-year trainees) trained in the use of operational diagnoses. The 1-year prevalence and point prevalence were, respectively: 1.7% and 0.6% for bipolar disorder; 0.4% and 0.4% for cyclothymia; 6.2% and 2.8% for major depression; 2.6% and 0.8% for dysthymia; 5.2% and 1.8% for depressive disorder not otherwise specified. Most of the cases affected by mood disorder sought medical help, primarily through their GP. The large majority of them were specifically treated for it and, in almost 60% of the cases with a major form, were referred to a psychiatrist.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Recent life events and panic disorder.

The authors assessed life events during the 12 months before the onset of panic disorder in 64 patients. Compared with a control group of 78 healthy subjects, patients with panic disorder had higher scores however life events were assessed, i.e., number of events, weighted normative scores, contextual scores, and number of subjects with major events. Independent life events (those beyond the subject's control) were also more numerous and more severe among the patients. The larger number of events experienced by the patients was due to the more frequent occurrence of life stress in the month before the onset of panic disorder. Loss events had the strongest relationship to panic disorder.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Panic attacks with and without agoraphobia: a comparison.

22 patients with panic disorder (PD) were compared with 42 cases suffering from agoraphobia with panic attacks for a number of variables. The two groups did not differ for age, sex ratio, age of onset, social class, severity of nonsituational anxiety and personality profiles. On the other hand agoraphobics showed lower education and worse social adaptation. A higher prevalence of traumatic life events was also observed for agoraphobics compared with subjects suffering from PD.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Depressive relapses and incomplete recovery from index episode.

Of 101 patients suffering from primary unipolar depression who were followed up for at least 1 year after recovery from the index episode, 51 relapsed into a new depressive episode within the year of recovery. Only those variables related to the period immediately after discharge distinguished nonrelapsers from relapsers; relapsers showed higher levels of residual symptoms, inferior social adaptation, a more pathological mean personality profile, and lower tricyclic plasma levels, despite similar dosage. The data are consistent with the hypothesis of an incomplete recovery from the index episode as a risk factor for relapse within 1 year.

Antidepressive Agents, Tricyclic↗
PubMed1986

Early life events and affective disorder revisited.

The incidence of traumatic events during the first ten years of life was investigated in two groups of patients suffering from major affective disorder, as well as in mixed psychiatric patients and in healthy subjects. While there were no significant differences between the two groups of affective patients or between the two control groups, the incidence of subjects who underwent such trauma was significantly higher in depressives, compared with controls. These differences are small and are further reduced if events secondary to psychiatric disturbances of family members are excluded.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Basic symptoms and P300 abnormalities in young schizophrenic patients.

Among the reasons for the relatively limited number of investigations of self-knowledge phenomena should be included, in addition to theoretical motives, the difficulties regarding the use of instruments available for this kind of approach and their content validity. This study investigates the relationship between subjective and objective deficits in schizophrenia, taking into account subjective experiences of cognitive impairment, clinical symptoms, and cognitive evoked potentials (P300 component). A group of 36 young schizophrenic patients (29 on neuroleptic treatment and seven drug-naive) were considered, together with a comparison group of 36 healthy subjects. Auditory event-correlated potentials (ERPs) were obtained using a simple "oddball" paradigm. Clinical symptoms were rated with the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS) and Scales for the Assessment of Positive and Negative Symptoms (SAPS and SANS), and while subjective disturbances were assessed by the Frankfurter Beschwerde Fragebogen (FBF, also called the Complaint Questionnaire). Correlation analysis showed that P300 amplitude was inversely correlated with subjective experiences of cognitive deficit, especially in the area of automatic skills and overstimulation. No relationship emerged between BPRS, SANS, and SAPS scores and P300 alterations. The results suggest that subjective cognitive disturbances, more than objective symptoms, are related to P300 alterations in schizophrenia, and that the FBF questionnaire appropriately covers the domain of schizophrenic cognitive disorders.

Adult↗