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Biomedical subjects

S Palacios

Publications and source records attributed to S Palacios.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1994

Cancer surveillance during HRT.

The principal cancer sites in women are the following in order of frequency: breast, colorectal, lung, uterus and ovary. Thus, all women during the climacterium have a potential risk of developing any of these cancers. This implies that appropriate means for prevention and early diagnosis must be established. Results from trials studying the association between hormone replacement therapy (HRT) and breast cancer are not conclusive. There is some evidence of a minimal increased cancer induction risk when using high and long-term HRT dosages, though we must await further studies combining different kinds, dosages and routes of administration of the hormones which are currently being prescribed. Breast surveillance must include medical history, physical examination, an annual mammography, as well as follow-up of all previously detected breast pathology through both physical examination and mammography. One should bear in mind that HRT may increase breast parenchymal density and lower mammography sensitivity. HRT seems to protect against colorectal cancer. However, because of the high frequency of this disease among women over 50 years of age, an annual stool test for occult blood should be performed. Endometrial cancer risk is much increased after HRT administration, still persisting after estrogen wash-out. This risk can be prevented by giving an opposed progestogen. Some diagnostic assessments, especially echography and endometrial biopsy, are recommended in certain cases such as patients with metrorrhagia or with a history of suspected cancer. There do not seem to be any demonstrated adverse effects on ovary and cervix due to HRT, although an annual Pap smear for cervical cancer screening is currently recommended.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

Spine and femur density and broadband ultrasound attenuation of the calcaneus in normal Spanish women.

Bone density of the spine and femoral neck and broadband ultrasound attenuation of the calcaneus were measured in 111 normal Spanish women between the ages of 30 and 70 years. The cross-sectional study showed that spine and hip density decreased by 36 and 29%, respectively, and the ultrasound attenuation value decreased by 32% between 30 and 70 years of age. The rate of bone loss at the three sites was significant in women over age 50 and in postmenopausal women. These normative data will be helpful in assessing bone mass in Spanish women suspected of having osteoporosis.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

[Fatigue resistance of inspiratory muscles in patients with severe mitral valve stenosis].

The strength and endurance of the inspiratory muscles was assessed in 14 patients with severe mitral valve stenosis uncomplicated by other diseases. Strength was evaluated measuring the maximal static inspiratory pressure (MIP). Endurance was measured using a two minute weight incremental test, to obtain the maximal sustainable pressure (SIP), which is the highest pressure that a subject can generate to mobilize air with incremental weight during inspiration. MIP was similar to that of 8 normal subjects (110 +/- 21 and 128 +/- 27 cm H2O respectively p = NS). SIP, maximal sustainable weight and SIP as percentage of MIP were 47 +/- 10 cm H2O, 261 +/- 81 g and 43 +/- 6% respectively, all lower than in normal subjects (89 +/- 25 cm H2O, 525 +/- 167 g and 71 +/- 15% respectively) We conclude that patients with severe mitral valve stenosis have decreased inspiratory muscle endurance compared to normal subjects and this feature may be related to their decreased exercise tolerance.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Stimulatory effect of angiotensin II on electrolyte transport in canine tracheal epithelium.

1. The present study examines the effect of angiotensin11 (A11) on Cl- and Na+ transport in canine tracheal epithelium. 2. A concentration-dependent increase in the potential difference and in short-circuit current of the trachea was found. 3. Frusemide reduced values of Cl- dependent electrical parameters; net Cl- flux from serosa to mucosa accounted for 72% of total short-circuit current. 4. Frusemide, indomethacin and chlorpromazine blocked the stimulatory effect of A11. 5. These reactions show that A11 stimulates ion transport across the canine tracheal epithelium and suggest that two mechanisms may be proposed to explain the action of A11 on Cl- flux: (1) Ca(2+)-dependent increase in intracellular cAMP and (2) increase in Na(+)-2Cl2-K+ Cotransport activity.

Angiotensin II↗
PubMed1989

[Volume, flow and respiratory muscle strength in mitral stenosis].

Pulmonary function and respiratory muscle strength was assessed in 20 patients with mitral stenosis uncomplicated by other illness. Pulmonary function was evaluated by spirometry, flow-volume curves, functional residual capacity (FRC) and total lung capacity (TLC). Respiratory muscle strength was evaluated by measurement of maximal static inspiratory and expiratory mouth pressure (PIM, PEM cmH2O) at FRC and TLC respectively. Spirometric, FRC and TLC average values were normal. The maximal expiratory flow rate at 50 and 25% of vital capacity were decreased to 49.5 and 38.3% from predicted values. The values of PIM and PEM in patients (-93 +/- 17; 128 +/- 32 cmH2O, respectively) were similar to those of 12 normal subjects studied at comparable lung volume. Our results were similar to previous reports. There was no evidence of decreased respiratory muscle force, probably because the patients nutritional status and cardiac output were normal.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

[Prenatal diagnosis in a fetus with anencephaly and trisomy 18].

Authors present a case of anencephaly with trisomy 18, diagnosed prenatally by altrasonographic screening and culture of amniotic cells. This association is rare in newborn children. They discuss if this is due to a high prenatal letality or a random event.

Abnormalities, Multiple↗
PubMed1983

Taenia solium: immunity in hogs to the Cysticercus.

Protection was induced in hogs against Taenia solium cysticercosis using an immunogenic complex obtained from its larval "bladder worm" form, Cysticercus cellulosae. Immunoelectrophoresis revealed that this complex contained at least eight antigens. In immunized hogs a total of 71 (mean 11.8) cysticerci were found, whereas in the control animals 397 (mean 74.9) were found. Histopathological studies showed that more than 40% of larvae obtained from immunized hogs were completely destroyed and the others were seen in various stages of degeneration. Eosinophils and mononuclear cells were observed infiltrating the internal structures of the larvae. Intense granulomatous reactions of eosinophils, lymphocytes, macrophages, epithelioid cells, plasma cells, and fibroblasts surrounded the larvae. Larvae from control hogs were intact and surrounded by a small inflammatory reaction. The cellular response was measured by the macrophage migration inhibition test, which was higher in immunized hogs when compared with control animals, either before the infection with T. solium eggs or before slaughter. No significant difference was found in the humoral response of immunized and control hogs.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Increased ventilation caused by improved diaphragmatic efficiency during aminophylline infusion.

The mechanism underlying the increase in ventilation (VE) observed during aminophylline infusion was investigated in 12 anesthetized spontaneously breathing dogs. Progressive doses of aminophylline were infused every 30 min, leading to plasmatic levels of 10 to 20, 20 to 30, 30 to 50 mg/L. The increase in VE observed while increasing aminophylline plasmatic concentration ranged from 4.2 +/- 6 to 9.5 +/- 1.2 L/min. Concomitantly to VE, we measured an index of the inspiratory neuromuscular output of the diaphragm, the transdiaphragmatic pressure generated at FRC 0.1 s after the onset of a spontaneous inspiration developed against closed airways (Pdi0.1). For each plasmatic level of aminophylline, Pdi0.1 increased as VE (117 +/- 4, 126 +/- 2, 140 +/- 6% of control values for 10 to 20, 20 to 30, 30 to 50 mg/L, respectively). To establish the role played by an improvement in diaphragmatic contractility in the increase in Pdi0.1 with aminophylline, we measured for each plasmatic level of aminophylline the transdiaphragmatic pressure generated at FRC against closed airways during supramaximal stimulation at 10, 20, 50, and 100 Hz of the 2 phrenic nerves (Pdi). Pdi increased while increasing aminophylline plasmatic level for all the frequencies of stimulation. A relationship was found between Pdi and Pdi0.1 at any aminophylline plasmatic level as well as with VE. No change in the mechanical properties of the respiratory system occurred with aminophylline. We conclude that the increase in VE observed after aminophylline administration in our animal model is essentially due to an improvement in diaphragmatic contractility rather than an increase in the central nervous system output.

Aminophylline↗
PubMed1977

Functional abnormalities of neutrophils in cancer patients : inefficient phagocytosis and reverse endocytosis.

A study of neutrophil functions has been performed in 17 patients with advanced cancer and in 21 controls. Their phagocytic activity, their index of reduction of NBT and their myeloperoxidase activity were examined. The reslts suggest that cancer patients might have a "factor" or "factors" in their plasma which interfereu (s) with phagocytosis and which promote (s) exocytosis of lysosomal enzymes ("reverse endocytosis") from from autologous polymorphonuclear leucocytes as well as from cells obtained from normal healthy donors.

Adult↗