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Biomedical subjects

S Page

Publications and source records attributed to S Page.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1997

Gender and support for mental health research in Ontario: 1992-94: a summary.

Based on early research by Stark-Adamec (1981), the question was explored as to whether current mental health funding appeared to be more relevant to male or female concerns, or to neither specifically. Three data sets, consisting of a total of 117 grants and 43 Fellowships awarded by the Ontario Mental Health Foundation from 1992-1994, were coded in terms of these concerns. For both Grants and Fellowships, a high proportion were coded as being primarily concerned with neither gender specifically. Some additional data, in terms of DSM III-R categories and grant committee memberships, were also explored, with, in general, similar findings. From one perspective, therefore, these findings do not support the notion of "gender bias." From another perspective, however, it does lend current support to Stark-Adamec's earlier findings that the mental health concerns of women remain poorly represented in mental health funding. Some discussion, as well as implications and limitations of the findings, are outlined.

Abstracting and Indexing↗
PubMed1996

Activated transcription factor nuclear factor-kappa B is present in the atherosclerotic lesion.

Nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kappaB)/Rel transcription factors play an important role in the inducible regulation of a variety of genes involved in the inflammatory and proliferative responses of cells. The present study was designed to elucidate the implication of NF-kappaB/Rel in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. Activation of the dimeric NF-kappaB complex is regulated at a posttranslational level and requires the release of the inhibitor protein IkappaB. The newly developed mAb alpha-p65mAb recognizes the IkappaB binding region on the p65 (RelA) DNA binding subunit and therefore selectively reacts with p65 in activated NF-kappaB. Using immunofluorescence and immunohistochemical techniques, activated NF-kappaB was detected in the fibrotic-thickened intima/media and atheromatous areas of the atherosclerotic lesion. Activation of NF-kappaB was identified in smooth muscle cells, macrophages, and endothelial cells. Little or no activated NF-kappaB was detected in vessels lacking atherosclerosis. Electrophoretic mobility shift assays and colocalization of activated NF-kappaB with NF-kappaB target gene expression suggest functional implications for this transcription factor in the atherosclerotic lesion. This study demonstrates the presence of activated NF-kappaB in human atherosclerotic tissue for the first time. Atherosclerosis, characterized by features of chronic inflammation and proliferative processes, may be a paradigm for the involvement of NF-kappaB/Rel in chronic inflammatory disease.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

Nurses' accounts of cardiopulmonary resuscitation.

The relationship between theory and practice has received considerable attention within the nursing literature. This paper uses qualitative data from debriefing interviews with nurses following episodes of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) to illustrate the complexities of translating sanitized theory into the messiness of practice. The interplay of affect and cognition on both learning from experience and on professional practice are explored. The feelings engendered by the CPR event and the labour required for their management form the second and major part of the paper. These are explored by examining the realities of a CPR event with its accompanying threat of death; success and failure, dignity versus indignity and the place of appropriate emotions throughout.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1996

Just for the record.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Education, Nursing, Continuing↗
PubMed1996

Responses of perioperative nurses to organ procurement surgery.

For many hospitals, organ retrieval surgery has become a reality. Organ retrieval surgery is an emotive procedure, fraught with ethical and moral dilemmas (Barzizza, 1990; Kawamoto, 1992). Perioperative nurses who participate in the procurement phase of organ donation are subject to emotions that could be potentially difficult. There is a need for greater understanding of perioperative nurses and their responses to procurement surgery. Increased knowledge of the procedure of organ procurement surgery, in addition to greater emotional support and follow-up can only serve to improve perioperative nurses' belief in themselves as an important link in the process of organ donation, procurement and transplantation.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Effects of the mental illness label in 1993: acceptance and rejection in the community.

Effects of the mental illness label in obtaining community accommodation were examined, in a sample of 160 individuals advertising rooms or flats for rent in two Canadian cities, Windsor and London, Ontario, and in Detroit, Michigan. Telephone calls, for half the sample, made simple enquiries as to availability; for the other half, similar enquiries were made by an individual ostensibly receiving psychiatric treatment but soon to require accommodation. In the latter condition, rooms were significantly more likely to be described as unavailable. Comparisons are made to similar, previous research, and to current perspectives about community reactions to stigmatizing conditions.

Attitude to Health↗
PubMed1994

Evaluation of the dietary intake of homebound elderly and the feasibility of dietary supplementation.

OBJECTIVE: The dietary intake of elderly subjects receiving home care services (n = 145) was studied to assess the adequacy of their intake, and their ability to maintain normal body weight. In a second part of the study, the feasibility of providing nutrient supplements to underweight subjects or those with important recent weight loss was evaluated. METHOD: For the survey, three 24-hour recalls, height, weight and lifestyle habits were evaluated in a home interview and two follow-up telephone contacts. The effects of dietary supplementation of 14 subjects at risk of malnutrition (underweight or with substantial weight loss) over 12 weeks were evaluated. RESULTS: Mean energy intake for the entire group was low (males 1546 kcal; females 1152 kcal) and on average barely covered estimated resting energy expenditure. Recent weight loss was negatively correlated with energy intake among underweight subjects (R = -0.64; p < 0.001). Dietary supplementation resulted in an average increase in daily intake of 390 kcal with an average weight gain of 1.27 kg over the 12-week period. Weight change was directly associated with measures of functional status; hand-grip strength (r = 0.75; p = 0.002) and general well-being score (r = 0.46; p = 0.095). CONCLUSION: Homebound elderly were at high risk of inadequate protein and energy intake. Dietary supplementation in high risk individuals was well tolerated and led to modest weight gain and improvements in general well-being.

Aged↗
PubMed1994

Self-efficacy, perfectionism, and stress in Canadian nurses.

The current study examined the relationship between stress in nurses and their reported levels of job and life satisfaction, while also assessing the construct validity of theories of perfectionism and self-efficacy as these apply to the profession of nursing. One hundred and ninety-six nurses employed in Toronto and Windsor, Ontario completed measures of stress, perfectionism, self-efficacy, and job and life satisfaction as dependent variables. Generally, nurses who reported high levels of socially-prescribed and other-oriented perfectionism, and low levels of self-efficacy, also reported low levels of job satisfaction. Significant negative correlations were obtained between the number of reported nursing stressors and job satisfaction. The data also indicated that higher levels of socially-prescribed perfectionism and higher levels of self-efficacy were strongly related to both job and life stress. Some comments, interpretation, and implications of findings are presented.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Gender and support for mental health research.

Grants awarded by the Ontario Mental Health Foundation (OMHF) between 1986 and 1991 were analyzed for their relevance to male and female mental health topics following earlier research by Stark-Adamec in 1981. OMHF fellowships and scholarships, 1986 to 1991, National Health Research and Development Program funding, 1989 to 1990 and 1990 to 1991 funding by the Medical Research Council were also examined. Essentially, funding focused on neither gender; issues concerning gender and mental health were seldom involved in research funded by these agencies.

Bias↗
PubMed1992

Developmentally regulated expression of three slow isoforms of myosin heavy chain: diversity among the first fibers to form in avian muscle.

At least three slow myosin heavy chain (MHC) isoforms were expressed in skeletal muscles of the developing chicken hindlimb, and differential expression of these slow MHC isoforms produced distinct fiber types from the outset of skeletal muscle myogenesis. Immunohistochemistry with isoform-specific monoclonal antibodies demonstrated differences in MHC content among the fibers of the dorsal and ventral premuscle masses and distinctions among fibers before splitting of the premuscle masses into individual muscles (Hamburger and Hamilton Stage 25). Immunoblot analyses by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of myosin extracted from the hindlimb demonstrated the presence throughout development of different mobility classes of MHCs with epitopes associated with slow MHC isoforms. Immunopeptide mapping showed that one of the MHCs expressed in the embryonic limb was the same slow MHC isoform, slow MHC1 (SMHC1), that is expressed in adult slow muscles. SMHC1 was expressed in the dorsal and ventral premuscle masses, embryonic, fetal, and some neonatal and adult hindlimb muscles. In the embryo and fetus SMHC1 was expressed in future fast, as well as future slow muscles, whereas in the adult only the slow muscles retained expression of SMHC1. Those embryonic muscles destined in the adult to contain slow fibers or mixed fast/slow fibers not only expressed SMHC1, but also an additional slow MHC not previously described, designated as slow MHC3 (SMHC3). Slow MHC3 was shown by immunopeptide mapping to contain a slow MHC epitope (reactive with mAb S58) and to be structurally similar to a MHC expressed in the atria of the adult chicken heart. SMHC3 was designated as a slow MHC isoform because (i) it was expressed only in those muscles destined to be of the slow type in the adult, (ii) it was expressed only in primary fibers of muscles that subsequently are of the slow type, and (iii) it had an epitope demonstrated to be present on other slow, but not fast, isoforms of avian MHC. This study demonstrates that a difference in phenotype between fibers is established very early in the chicken embryo and is based on the fiber type-specific expression of three slow MHC isoforms.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

The nature of the proteins lost from isolated rat skeletal muscle during experimental damage.

Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel analysis of the incubation media surrounding isolated rat soleus muscles has been used to determine the nature of the proteins lost from skeletal muscle during damage. Following various forms of experimental trauma only selected proteins are lost to the medium when compared to the protein composition of the muscle cytosol. The proteins released do not appear to be released in a size dependent manner and their release is partly inhibited by an absence of calcium in the extracellular medium. alpha-Tocopherol entirely prevents the release of cytosolic enzymes induced by intracellular calcium overload.

2,4-Dinitrophenol↗
PubMed1991

The eosinophilia-myalgia syndrome: the Los Alamos Conference.

On June 12 and 13, 1990 the Los Alamos National Laboratory in cooperation with the New Mexico Department of Health and Environment, the Centers for Disease Control (CDC), the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), and the National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases of the National Institutes of Health (NIH) hosted a conference on the eosinophilia-myalgia syndrome. Fifty presentations covered a variety of important issues which are summarized herein.

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, U.S.↗
PubMed1989

A cytosolic protein activator of cardiac sarcolemmal phosphoinositide phospholipase C.

Ca2+ dependent polyphosphoinositide phospholipase C (PLC) activity in cardiac sarcolemma hydrolyzed both endogenous and exogenous phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate (PIP) and phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2) with an associated increase in inositol bisphosphate (IP2). Dialyzed cytosol and certain fractions of cytosol isolated by anion exchange or gel filtration chromatography activated sarcolemmal PLC activity by approx. 100%. The PLC activator eluted with an apparent molecular weight of 160 Kdal on a Sephacryl 300 column and was destroyed by heat or trypsin treatment. Exogenous 3H-PIP2 was not hydrolyzed by cytosolic fractions containing sarcolemmal PLC activator. These studies demonstrate that the polyphosphoinositide PLC in cardiac sarcolemma is regulated by a cytosolic protein.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Isoforms of creatine kinase: MM in the study of skeletal muscle damage.

Isoforms of creatine kinase (CK) MM have been analysed in plasma from normal subjects and patients with muscular dystrophy using isoelectric focusing techniques. Most plasma samples analysed contained three isoforms of CK-MM of isoelectric points 7.26 (MMI), 6.85 (MMII) and 6.45 (MMIII) although in some plasma samples two additional isoforms of isoelectric points 7.12 and 6.65 were seen. Patients with muscular dystrophy were found to have a generally higher proportion of CK-MMI in their plasma than normal subjects and this was relatively unaffected by large variations in the total creatine kinase activity. By comparison eccentric exercise in normal subjects was found to result in a large increase in total plasma CK activity which then declined to normal over a period of approximately 6 days. CK-MMI was found to increase initially followed by CK-MMII and CK-MMIII. Analysis of the isoforms in biopsy samples of human muscle revealed the presence of two of the bands found in plasma (CK-MMI and MMII) and a third muscle specific isoform, while incubation of muscle homogenates in plasma induced the formation of CK-MMIII and the two isoforms of pI 7.12 and 6.65. It is concluded that analyses of CK-MM isoforms in human plasma can provide useful information on the extent and relative time course following an episode of muscle damage but that in patients with muscular dystrophy the large variations in plasma CK activity are not reflected in the proportion of CK found in each isoform.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Receptor-controlled calcium discharge in frog heart cells.

A brief account is given of previous work concerned with the effects which ATP (P2-'purinergic') and alpha-adrenaline receptors have on the activity of the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) in frog heart atrial cells. More recent experiments made with single atrial trabeculae are also described which suggest, among other things, that ATP and alpha-adrenaline receptors both facilitate the process by which an action potential induces SR calcium discharge in atrial heart cells. The facilitatory effect involved is considerable; at high (greater than or equal to 2 microM) ATP doses, SR calcium discharge seems to be increased about 14-fold and, quite possibly, more than this. Results obtained with different levels of [Ca2+]o during ATP action suggest that the process of calcium-induced calcium release plays little part in the facilitatory process. Its putative mechanism is briefly discussed.

Adenosine Triphosphate↗
PubMed1989

Immune induction of major histocompatibility complex antigens on a human thyroid cell line (SGHTL-34).

Expression of major histocompatibility complex antigens by epithelial cells may play a role in the aetiology of autoimmune disorders. We have studied the effect of gamma-interferon on SGHTL-34, a human thyroid cell line which constitutively expresses class I but not class II antigens. gamma-Interferon induced the expression of class II and increased the expression of class I molecules (assessed by flow cytofluorimetry) in a dose-dependent manner. Thyrotrophin or phytohaemagglutinin had no effect on either class I or class II expression. However, a supernatant from phytohaemagglutinin-stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells, containing 6400 U gamma-interferon/ml, was an effective inducer of both class I and class II antigens. These data clarify earlier studies using primary thyroid cultures, which are contaminated with cells of the immune system.

Cell Line↗