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Biomedical subjects

S P Yadav

Publications and source records attributed to S P Yadav.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2003

Effect of feeding Murraya koeingii and Brassica juncea diet on [correction] kidney functions and glucose levels in streptozotocin diabetic mice.

Purpose of the study was to investigate the effects of daily oral feeding 15% of powdered leaves of Murraya koeingii (MK) (commonly called as Curry patta) and 10% powder of seeds of Brassica juncea (BJ) (commonly called as Rai) for 60 days on serum glucose concentrations and kidney functions in streptozotocin (STZ; 100mg/kg) diabetic rats. Serum glucose levels, body weight, urine volume, serum creatinine, and urinary albumin (UAE) levels were monitored on day 0, 10, 25, 40, and 70 of the experiment. After 60 days of STZ administration, urine volume per day and UAE levels were significantly higher (P<0.0005) in diabetic controls (DC) as compared to normal controls (NC). Although feeding of the MK/BJ showed a trend towards improvement in most of the parameters, results were not statistically different from the DC except in serum creatinine values in BJ-fed rats on day 70. Thus, these plants can be best utilized by promoting them as preferable food adjuvants for diabetic patients.

Animals↗
PubMed2003

Effect of T. foenumgraecum on glycogen content of tissues and the key enzymes of carbohydrate metabolism.

The Indian traditional system of medicine prescribed plant therapies for diseases including diabetes mellitus called madhumeh in Sanskrit. One such plant mentioned in Ayurveda is Trigonella foenumgraecum (FG). In the present study, FG (1g/kg PO) was assessed for its effect on glycogen levels of insulin dependent (skeletal muscle and liver), insulin independent tissues (kidneys and brain) and enzymes such as glucokinase (GK), hexokinase (HK), and phosphofructokinase (PFK). Administration of FG led to decrease in blood glucose levels by 14.4 and 46.64% on 15th and 30th day of the experiment. Liver and 2-kidney weight expressed as percentage of body weight was significantly increased in diabetics (P<0.0005) versus normal controls and this alteration in the renal weight (P<0.0005) but not liver weight was normalized by feeding of FG. Renal glycogen content increased by over 10 folds while hepatic and skeletal muscle glycogen content decreased by 75 and 68% in diabetic controls versus controls and these alteration in glycogen content was partly prevented by FG. Activity of HK, GK and PFK in diabetic controls was 35, 50 and 60% of the controls and FG partially corrected this alteration in PFK, HK and GK.

Animals↗
PubMed2002

A profile of renal/renovascular abnormalities in patients of hypertension.

After a thorough dinical examination and laboratory investigations, ultrasonography (USG) followed by minute sequence urography (MSU) and aortography and/or selective renal angiography were done in 108 patients, clinically suspected of having renal hypertension of which 32 patients (29.6%) were found to be positive for renal/renovascular disease. Out of 82 patients, who were only young hypertensives, a definite diagnosis of renal/renovascular disease could be made in only 15 cases (18.3%), whereas the pick up rate increased to 65.4% in the rest of the 26 patients who had some other clinical criteria besides hypertension and it further increased up to 92.3% (out of these 26 patients) who had 2 or more than 2 clinical criteria of selection of patients besides hypertension. USG was useful in diagnosing renal parenchymal disease/ suggesting renal abnormalities in 30 cases and MSU was able to detect renal changes in 31 patients. Aortography and/or selective renal angiography could make a definite diagnosis of renovascular disease in 17 cases and renal agenesis in one case.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Purification, characterization and partial amino acid sequencing of a 70 kD inhibitor protein of Na+,K+-ATPase from goat testis cytosol.

A protein isolated from goat testis cytosol is found to inhibit Na+,K+-ATPase from rat brain microsomes. The inhibitor has been purified by ammonium sulphate precipitation followed by hydroxyapatite column chromatography. The purified fraction appears as a single polypeptide band on 10% SDS-PAGE of approximate molecular mass of 70 kDa. The concentration at which 50% inhibition (I50) occurs is in the nanomolar range. The inhibitor seems to bind Na+,K+-ATPase reversibly at ATP binding site in a competitive manner with ATP, but away from ouabain binding site. It does not affect p-nitrophenyl-phosphatase activity. The inhibitor is found to inhibit the phosphorylation step of the Na+,K+-ATPase. The enhancement of tryptophan fluorescence and changes in CD pattern suggest conformational changes of Na+,K+-ATPase on binding to the inhibitor. Amino acid sequence of the trypsinised fragments show some homology with aldehyde reductase.

Amino Acids↗
PubMed2001

Urethral hemangioma. An unusual cause of hematuria.

Urethral hemangioma is an exceedingly rare, benign tumor which commonly presents as urethral bleeding. Urethroscopy is the best diagnostic procedure. There are various treatment modalities and appropriate therapy is individualised depending upon site, size and number of hemangiomas. We report a case of solitary urethral hemangioma present in the bulbar urethra. The patient presented with spontaneous profuse hematuria and was managed by wide excision of the hemangioma.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Stylalgia: an Indian perspective.

OBJECTIVE: The main objective was to study the stylalgia profile in Indians and the outcome of styloidectomy in such cases. DESIGN: This prospective study was carried out by random selection of patients with stylalgia using periodic random numbers. SETTING: This was a hospital-based study. METHODS: Surgical excision of the symptomatic enlarged styloid process was performed by the transtonsillar route using a dilation and curettage (D and C) curette. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The patients were followed postoperatively for their pain relief. RESULTS: Of 40 patients operated on, 31 (77.5%) became symptom free, 5 (12.5%) had considerable improvement in their symptoms, and 4 (10%) had no relief. CONCLUSIONS: The incidence of an enlarged styloid process was found to be higher in an Indian rural population with female preponderance owing to their carrying of heavy weight on head. Styloidectomy was very rewarding. The D and C curette was found to be a very effective instrument for styloidectomy.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Bilateral choanal atresia--respiratory emergency in a neonate.

Bilateral choanal atresia is potentially a fatal respiratory emergency in a newborn. A 2-day-old full term male infant was presented with history of attacks of cyanosis, difficulty in suckling and respiration. On examination cyclical change of body colour, ie, alternating cyanosis and normal colour was observed. CT scan of the base of the skull revealed bilateral choanal atresia. The patient underwent choanal canalisation operation by transnasal route using Lichtwitz trocar and cannula with controlled force.

Catheterization↗
PubMed2001

Malaria outbreak in the Indira Gandhi Nahar Pariyojna command area in Jaisalmer district, Thar Desert, India.

A focal outbreak of malaria occurred in the villages situated close to the main Indira Gandhi canal near Ramgarh in Jaisalmer district, western Rajasthan. Stagnation of water over a month's period in the main canal as well as long standing rain water in the form of expansive lakes near these villages formed vast breeding grounds for the vectors like Anopheles culicifacies, along with A. stephensi already breeding in the 'tanka' and 'beri' in the epidemichit villages. Rapid mass blood surveys along with other entomological and parasitological investigations were conducted in four of the ten affected villages, viz., Seuva, Raghwa, Raimala and Sadhna. A total of 992 specimens belonging to four vector species were sampled, namely, A. stephensi (47.4%), A. culicifacies (41.0%), A. subpictus (11.2%) and A. annularis (0.4%). Epidemiologically, about one-fourth of the examined persons were positive (SPR 25.5%), although Plasmodium falciparum dominated the parasitaemia (49.5%). Available data are indicative of changed malariological scenario in the Indira Gandhi Nahar Pariyojna command area, where epidemics are regular features every year.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

Multiple papilloma larynx.

Multiple papilloma of larynx is caused by human papilloma virus. We treated sixteen such cases (10 males and six females) in the last 10 years. All presented with hoarseness while six presented with difficulty in respiration. Three patients needed tracheostomy, all had difficult decanulation, and one developed laryngotracheal stenosis and could not be decanulated. All were treated by surgical excision; ten had recurrence. Four patients were treated with post operative Acyclovir with no recurrence in three cases.

Acyclovir↗
PubMed1999

Calreticulin down-regulates both GTP binding and transglutaminase activities of transglutaminase II.

Enzyme regulation is an important mechanism for controlling cell proliferation and differentiation in response to extracellular signaling molecules. We have previously reported that a approximately 50 kDa protein (termed Gbetah) consistently copurified with Galphah (transglutaminase II, TGII) and that Gbetah down-regulates the GTPase function of TGII by associating with GDP-bound TGII [Baek et al. (1996) Biochemistry 35, 2651-2657]. In this study, we examined the identity of Gbetah by partial amino acid sequencing and immunological characterizations. The results strongly suggest that Gbetah is a protein known as calreticulin (CRT). When the regulatory role of CRT in the GTPase activity of TGII was examined, CRT inhibited GTP (GTPgammaS) binding and hydrolysis in a concentration-dependent manner. Moreover, CRT interacted only with GDP-bound TGII. These results demonstrate that CRT down-regulates the GTPase activity of TGII by associating with GDP-bound TGII. Studies on the modulation of the TGase activity of TGII revealed that CRT also inhibited TGase activity. The inhibition showed the two characteristics depend on guanine nucleotides occupying the GTPase active site. The inhibition of the "empty" form of the GTPase active site increased the Ca2+ requirement without changing the Vmax. On the other hand, the inhibition of the GDP-bound form decreased Vmax, but did not alter the Ca2+ requirement. Moreover, the GTPgammaS-bound TGII was virtually resistant to Ca2+-mediated stimulation of the TGase activity, indicating that the GTP-bound TGII does not function as a TGase. We concluded that CRT is the regulatory protein of TGII that down-regulates both GTPase and TGase activities, opposing the activators of TGII function.

Adenosine Triphosphate↗
PubMed1999

Knowledge, attitude and practice towards malaria in rural communities of the epidemic-prone Thar Desert, northwestern India.

In order to assess the knowledge, attitude and practice of the rural Thar Desert population about malaria and its vectors, a total of 345 heads of households, including housewives, suffering with malaria were surveyed randomly, along with the same number of healthy control subjects, in four villages of Jodhpur and Jaisalmer districts of Rajasthan, north-western India. Results showed that in the traditionally hypoendemic Thar Desert, with low levels of immunity against malaria particularly Plasmodium falciparum, a large segment of rural people were equally less aware about the dangers of the disease. About three-fourths of the studied population did not quite comprehend the purpose of the five decade-old National Anti Malaria Programme, while nearly 50% respondents were reluctant to accept the programme lacking the component of community participation but directly targetting on the control of the disease. Consequently, about 50% malaria patients and 60% healthy subjects lacked in taking initiative to resort to any anti-mosquito or anti-malaria measure to protect themselves, although 27% malaria patients and 2.9% healthy subjects acknowledge correct causes of malaria. This study, being the first of its kind in a desert community currently facing emergence of P. falciparum-dominated malaria outbreaks, is a testimony to the hitherto prevalent deep gaps in knowledge about the disease, and its results warrant sincere efforts to link up the malaria control programme with the community participation for protection against this scourage in future.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

Regulation of brain G-protein go by Alzheimer's disease gene presenilin-1.

To investigate a possible association between G-proteins and presenilin-1 (PS-1), a series of glutathione S-transferase-fusion proteins containing portions of PS-1 were prepared and used in vitro in binding experiments with tissue and recombinant G-proteins. The results demonstrate that the 39 C-terminal amino acids of PS-1 selectively bind the brain G-protein, Go. Addition of guanosine 5'-3-O-(thio)triphosphate promoted Go dissociation from PS-1, indicating that this domain mimics the function of G-protein-coupling domains found in receptors. The 39-amino acid synthetic polypeptide activated Go in a magnesium ion-dependent manner. Physical interaction of full-length PS-1 and Go was also demonstrated. Following transfection of Goalpha and N-terminally FLAG-tagged PS-1 in COS-7 cells, Go was immunoprecipitated by FLAG antibodies. In addition, endogenous PS-1 and Goalpha were colocalized immunocytochemically in human glioma cell lines. The results indicate that PS-1 regulates Go activities in living cells.

Alzheimer Disease↗
PubMed1998

Effect of adenotonsillectomy on arterial blood gases and acid-base balance.

Adenotonsillitis is quite common in children in India and untreated cases may land up with serious cardiopulmonary complications which promoted us to study arterial blood gases and acid-base balance in these patients. The study was conducted in 30 children with chronic adenotonsillitis and 30 age and sex matched controls. Arterialized capillary blood samples were taken before and 1 month after surgery while the subject was sleeping. Relative hypoxemia, rise in pCO2 and increased bicarbonates was observed in the study group, whereas change in pH was insignificant. The study showed that ventilatory impairment associated with adenotonsillar hypertrophy which manifests as hypoxia, hypercarbia and raised bicarbonate levels was reversed after adenotonsillectomy.

Acid-Base Equilibrium↗
PubMed1998

Chemical analysis of urinary calculi in Haryana.

Quantitative chemical analysis of 225 urinary calculi (128 Renal, 57 bladder and 40 ureter) collected from hospitals of different districts of Haryana was carried out. CaOxM was found to be present as a major component in all the stones analysed, while MAP, HA, CA and UA were found in 83.7%, 83.6%, 13% and 78.9% cases, respectively. The content of CaOxM was found to be higher in renal stones as compared to ureter and bladder stones, while the concentration of MAP was higher in bladder stones as compared to kidney and ureter stones. HA content was higher in ureter and UA was higher in bladder stones as compared to other urinary stones.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

Reno-colo-cutaneous fistula. A case report.

Reno-colo-cutaneous fistula due to genito-urinary tuberculosis is extremely rare. We describe one such case which was successfully managed by single stage surgery (nephroureterectomy, fistulectomy and primary repair of colon) and anti-tubercular treatment.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Visual evoked responses in megaloblastic anemia.

Pattern shift visual evoked responses (PSVER) were studied in thirty patients suffering from severe megaloblastic anemia (mean Hb level was 4.25 +/- 1.22 g/dL) of nutritional origin. All patients lacked clinical stigmata of visual and neurologic impairment. Mean P100 latency in thirty age and sex matched controls was 96.35 +/- 6.75 ms (range 86-108 ms) and mean amplitude was 10.37 +/- 3.88 microV (range 4.8-20.8 microV). Mean P100 latency in megaloblastic anemia was 114.77 +/- 11.68 (range 91-142) ms, P < 001 vs. control) and mean amplitude was 8.85 +/- 2.8 microV (range 5.1-16.2 microV). Seventy percent cases had prolonged latency of P 100. After correction of anemia with therapeutic doses of vitamin B12 and folic acid in three months (mean Hb level was 12.08 +/- 1.86 g/dL), the mean P100 latency was 105.13 +/- 9.30 ms (range 92-121 ms P < 0.001 vs. controls) and mean amplitude was 10.72 +/- 4.13 microV (range 5.1-21.4 microV). There was significant improvement in P100 latency after correction of anemia (P < 0.01). There was a negative correlation between P100 latency and hemoglobin levels, though it was statistically not significant.

Adolescent↗