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Biomedical subjects

S P Tan

Publications and source records attributed to S P Tan.

9 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2004

Evaluation of live renal donors with three-dimensional contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance angiography in comparison to catheter angiography.

BACKGROUND: Catheter angiography is traditionally used to determine renal arterial anatomy in live renal donors. Three-dimensional (3D) contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRA) has been suggested as a noninvasive replacement. We assessed the possibility of using MRA in live renal donors in Malaysia. METHODS: Twenty-six consecutive live renal donors were recruited from 2000 to 2002. All potential donors underwent evaluation of the renal arteries using both techniques. Angiographic findings from both modalities were subsequently compared with surgical findings at the time of donor nephrectomy. The total number and diameter of the arteries and the presence of early branching and renal abnormalities were noted. RESULTS: Both angiographic modalities were able to detect multiple renal arteries with catheter angiography having a sensitivity of 100% and MRA a sensitivity of 97%. MRA missed one 1-mm artery due to a low index of suspicion. Renal artery caliber measurements were not significantly different between the two methods. However, both techniques tended to overestimate the caliber of the renal arteries when compared with measurements taken at surgery. Early branching was found in two arteries at the time of surgery, but only one was detected by both techniques. Renal cysts seen on MR were not detected by catheter angiography. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that noninvasive MRA is a promising substitute for catheter angiography to evaluate the renal arteries of live donors.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

Rupture of the lateral ventricle secondary to a fourth ventricle tumour resulting in an indirect nontraumatic cerebrospinal fluid fistula.

We present a rare indirect nontraumatic cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) fistula secondary to a fourth ventricle ependymoma. The fistula resulted from rupture of the left temporal horn, distant from the tumour. The fistula was well demonstrated by MRI. High-resolution CT demonstrated a defect in the roof of the sphenoid sinus, but no leakage of CSF was seen on CT cisternography.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Use of soy-protein formulas and soyfood for feeding infants and children in Asia.

Soybeans have been cultivated and consumed in Asia for many centuries. Soy products can be found in all households in Asian countries, and Asian children begin to consume soy formulas and soy products at a very young age. In a study of soy exposure in a group of healthy Singaporean children < 10 y of age, 70% had consumed soy products and of those > 95% had consumed soy products before the age of 18 mo. Soy products are commonly used as food flavorings and for weaning Asian children with lactose intolerance or allergy to cow-milk protein. The widespread use of soy formulas and soy products by Asian children is mainly due to the high nutritive value and palatability of these products.

Asia↗
PubMed1997

Efficacy and safety of one year of growth hormone therapy in steroid-dependent nephrotic syndrome.

OBJECTIVES: To study the efficacy and safety of 1 year of growth hormone (GH) therapy in children with steroid-dependent nephrotic syndrome. STUDY DESIGN: A prospective pilot, open study in which GH (mean dose 0.32 mg/kg per week) was administered for 1 year to 8 children with steroid-dependent nephrotic syndrome requiring prednisolone (mean dose 0.46 mg/kg per day) to maintain remission. Steroid dependence was defined as recurrence of proteinuria within 2 weeks of discontinuation of prednisolone, or when the dose was lowered below a critical level. At entry, all patients had been steroid dependent for at least 1 year. Anthropometric and bone mineral density measurements after treatment were compared with 1-year pretreatment data. RESULTS: Pretreatment mean (+/-SD) chronologic age was 12.6 (+/-3.1) years, with a mean bone age of 9.1 (+/-2.0) years, with delayed puberty in five patients. The mean height velocity increased from 3.7 (+/-1.4) to 9.4 (+/-2.1) cm/yr after 1 year of treatment (p < 0.05). The mean height standard deviation score increased from -1.4 (+/-1.6) to -0.3 (+/-1.1), (p < 0.05). In the spine, the mean bone mineral density increased from 0.50 to 0.64 gm/cm2 (p < 0.05), and in the femoral neck, from 0.55 to 0.64 gm/cm2 (p < 0.05) after 1 year of treatment. Mean lean body mass increased from 58.1% to 62.6% (p < 0.01). There were no significant changes in creatinine clearance, fasting glucose, fasting insulin, or glycosylated hemoglobin levels. The mean bone age increased to 11.4 (+/-2.4) years, and pubertal stage advanced in 2 patients. CONCLUSIONS: One year of GH therapy is effective in improving the height standard deviation score, height velocity, bone mineral density, and lean body mass of children with steroid-dependent nephrotic syndrome. There were no significant adverse effects. However, the bone age accelerated at a greater pace than the height age, and further studies are required to define the role of GH therapy in steroid-dependent nephrotic syndrome.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

Primary monosymptomatic nocturnal enuresis in Singapore--parental perspectives in an Asian community.

Primary monosymptomatic nocturnal enuresis (PMNE) is often not openly discussed in Asian societies. We report the parental view of PMNE in Singapore, its impact on patients and their families and the traditional beliefs and its influence on subsequent management. A screening questionnaire was used in evaluating 30 children enrolled in a clinical trial on the use of oral Desmopressin for the treatment of PMNE. Primary monosymptomatic nocturnal enuresis was familial in 56.7% of patients. Fifty per cent of them were previously unevaluated. Earlier remedial attempts included bedtime fluid restriction and voiding (100%), incentive measures (43.3%), traditional practices (26.7%), punishment (20%), drugs (16.7%), psychotherapy (100%) and bladder training (3.3%). Perceived causes of PMNE were maturational delay (50%), deep sleep (50%), familial (43.3%), behavioural problems (43.3%) and excessive fluid intake (26.7%). Reasons for seeking treatment included restricted outdoor activities (90%), parental fatigue (86.7%), disrupted sleep for the household (46.7%) and fear of underlying pathology (26.7%). Perceived adverse effects on patients included social stigma (83.3%), disrupted sleep (33.3%) and impaired school performance (13.3%). Primary monosymptomatic nocturnal enuresis can thus be a chronic distressing problem in Asian communities.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Comparison of progression of renal failure in children with hypoplastic-dysplastic kidneys and chronic glomerulonephritis.

A comparative study was made on two groups of children comprising 20 patients with renal hypoplasia/dysplasia in one group and 12 patients with chronic glomerulonephritis (GN) in the other, presenting with chronic renal failure (CRF) in the Department of Paediatrics, Singapore General Hospital and National University Hospital between 1975 and 1989. The age of onset of CRF, the progression of renal failure and the presence of various clinical complications were analysed and compared. The mean age of onset of CRF was earlier in patients with renal hypoplasia/dysplasia (p less than 0.001) but the progression of renal failure in these patients were slower (p less than 0.005). Hypertension occurred more frequently in the chronic GN group (p less than 0.001) while urinary tract infection (UTI) occurred more frequently in the renal hypoplasia/dysplasia group (p less than 0.004). With the early onset of renal failure and slow deterioration of renal function in patients with renal hypoplasia/dysplasia, the provision of good conservative treatment for renal failure is most important in the management of these patients. In the chronic GN patients however, with the rapidity of deterioration of renal function, early preparation for replacement therapy becomes more imminent. However, renal replacement therapy in end-stage renal failure (ESRF) is costly and not readily available, it is more prudent to delay the onset of ESRF by providing effective conservative treatment of renal failure which includes the early recognition and treatment of hypertension in chronic GN and UTI in renal hypoplasia/dysplasia.

Age Factors↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Trends in the growth of ethnic Chinese children living in London.

Height, weight and triceps skinfold thickness of children aged 5 years and under were measured in a semi-longitudinal study of 50 Chinese families in London. Heights and weights of their mothers were also measured once. The children were taller and heavier than Chinese children in Hong Kong, but height-forage, when expressed as a percentage of the UK median value, declined after two years of age. The pattern of growth of triceps skinfold did not conform to the UK standards.

Asian People↗