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Biomedical subjects

S P Srivastava

Publications and source records attributed to S P Srivastava.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2004

Correlation of chlorinated pesticides concentration in semen with seminal vesicle and prostatic markers.

Semen samples of fertile and infertile men were analysed by gas liquid chromatography (GLC) for the presence of dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) and its metabolites (1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl) ethylene) (pp'-DDE); (1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl ethane) (pp'-DDT); (1,1-dichloro-2,2 bis(p-chlorophenyl) ethane) (pp'-DDD); (1,1,1-trichloro-2-(o-chlorophenyl)-2-(p-chlorophenyl) ethane) (op'-DDT), hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH) and its isomers alpha (alpha), beta (beta), gamma (gamma), delta (delta) and aldrin. The biochemical analysis of seminal vesicle and prostatic marker was done by spectrophotometer. The concentrations of alpha-, beta-, gamma-HCH, pp'-DDE and pp'-DDD were higher in the semen of infertile than in that of fertile men. An elevation in the fructose level along with decrease in the gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase and acid phosphatase activity was noticed in infertile men as compared to fertile subjects. The data showed correlation between alpha-, beta-, gamma-HCH, pp'-DDE, pp'-DDD and seminal vesicle marker fructose and prostatic marker gamma-gluatamyl transpeptidase and acid phosphatase in infertile men. The study suggests that the chlorinated pesticides may influence the semen quality by affecting the seminal and prostatic functions in infertile men.

Acid Phosphatase↗
PubMed2004

Male reproductive toxicity of sodium arsenite in mice.

The effect of chronic oral exposure to arsenic on male mouse testicular and accessory sex organ weights, sperm parameters and testicular marker enzymes was studied. In addition, the distribution of arsenic in reproductive organs was measured using atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Sodium arsenite administered to mice (Mus musculus) via drinking water at a dose of 53.39 micromol/L (4 ppm As) for 365 days caused a decrease in the absolute and relative testicular weight. However, epididymal and accessory sex organ weight was similar to control. The activities of marker testicular enzymes such as sorbitol dehydrogenase, acid phosphatase and 17beta-hydroxy-steroid dehydrogenase (17beta-HSD) were significantly decreased, but those of lactate dehydrogenase and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (gamma-GT) were significantly increased. A decrease in sperm count and sperm motility, along with an increase in abnormal sperm, was observed in arsenite-exposed mice. A significant accumulation of arsenic in testes, epididymis, seminal vesicle and prostate gland was observed in treated animals. Thus long term exposure (365 days) at the dose level of 53.39 micromol/L sodium arsenite (4 ppm As), to which human beings are likely to be exposed via drinking water, may cause testicular and spermatotoxic effect.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed2003

Correlation of lead and cadmium in human seminal plasma with seminal vesicle and prostatic markers.

The objective of this study was to investigate the correlation between lead and cadmium with seminal vesicle and prostatic markers. Semen samples categorized into fertile and infertile were evaluated for the presence of lead and cadmium and biochemical markers in the seminal plasma. Associations between lead and fructose, acid phosphatase and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (gamma-GT) were observed. However, no such relationships were noticed for cadmium. It is concluded that lead may be one of the pollutants indirectly affecting semen quality by altering the functions of accessory sex glands.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

Correlation of trace mineral concentrations with fructose, gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase, and acid phosphatase in seminal plasma of different categories of infertile men.

The study describes the concentrations of zinc, magnesium, copper, iron, and biochemical markers of seminal vesicle and prostate in seminal plasma of different categories of infertile men. The zinc level in oligasthenospermic subjects was significantly higher than in azoospermic, asthenospermic, and oligospermic subjects. The gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase activity in both oligoasthenospermic and azoospermic subjects were significantly lower than in asthenospermic and oligospermic individuals. There was no significant difference in iron, copper, and magnesium levels and acid phosphatase activity among the different infertile categories. A positive correlation between zinc and acid phosphatase (r=0.84, r= 0.73; p < 0.05), and between copper and fructose (r=0.81, r=0.72; p<0.05) was observed in oligoasthenospermic and azoospermic men, respectively. On the basis of our results, it may be postulated that there is a direct effect of the trace elements zinc and copper on acid phosphatase and fructose, respectively, in oligoasthenospermic and azoospermic subjects.

Acid Phosphatase↗
PubMed2002

Persistent chlorinated pesticides and intra-uterine foetal growth retardation: a possible association.

OBJECTIVE: To examine the association between DDT (dichlorodiphenyl trichloroethane) and HCH (hexachlorocyclohexane) exposure and intra-uterine growth retardation (IUGR, <10th percentile of birth weight for gestational age). METHOD: We detected p,p'-DDT, o,p'-DDT, p,p'-DDD, p,p'-DDE and alpha-HCH, beta-HCH, gamma-HCH, delta-HCH in maternal blood, placenta and cord blood, collected at parturition, from mothers with IUGR babies ( n=30) and from those with babies of normal weight ( n=24), using gas-liquid chromatography equipped with electron capture detector ((63)Ni). The adjusted odds ratios (ORs) for these pesticides in mothers and infants were determined by multiple logistic regression. RESULTS: There were statistically significant associations ( P<0.05) between maternal blood levels of alpha-HCH (OR=1.22; 95% CI: 1.02-1.46), gamma-HCH (OR=1.38; 95%CI: 1.05-1.80), delta-HCH (OR=1.61; 95% CI: 1.01-2.54), total HCH (OR=1.07; 95% CI: 1.01-1.13) and p,p'-DDE (OR=1.21; 95%CI:1.03-1.42) and IUGR after adjustment for potential confounders. Also, significant association (P<0.05) between cord blood levels of gamma-HCH (OR=1.14; 95% CI: 1.00-1.31), delta-HCH (OR=1.31; 95% CI: 1.00-1.75), total HCH (OR=1.07; 95% CI: 1.00-1.14) and IUGR were found after adjustment for potential confounders. A significant negative correlation between body weight of newborn babies and p,p'-DDE in maternal blood (r= -0.25; P<0.05) and delta-HCH and p,p'-DDE in the cord blood (r= -0.27 and -0.26; P<0.05) was noticed after gestational age had been accounted for. CONCLUSION: Exposure of pregnant women to organochlorine pesticides may increase the risk of IUGR, which is a contributing factor for infant mortality in India.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

Molybdenum in rat tissue.

Male rats were given 50 mg/kg molybdenum (Mo; as sodium molybdate) in drinking water for eight consecutive doses. The feeding of Mo was associated with an increased concentration of Mo in body tissues. The highest concentrations of metal were found in the kidney while it was least in blood cells. The accumulation was considered to be significant.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed2002

Testicular and spermatotoxic effect of nitrate in mice.

A study was conducted with nitrate to assess the testicular and spermatotoxic effects in mice at doses to which human beings are exposed as well as at higher dose levels in the drinking water. Potassium nitrate was administered to mice at dose levels 90, 200, 500, 700 and 900 ppm for 35 days. There was no difference in the uptake of water in control and treated animals. The amount of nitrate intake/ mouse/day calculated on the basis of water intake in the different groups ranged from 22.5 to 27, 50 to 60, 125 to 150, 175 to 210 and 225 to 270 mg/kg body weight. No changes were evident in the body weight, testicular, epididymal and accessory organ weight at all the dose levels tested, although a decline in sperm count and sperm motility along with an increase in abnormal sperm was noticed at 900 ppm. The activity of marker testicular enzymes, mainly 17-beta hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (17-betaHSD) and gamma glutamyl transpeptidase (gamma-GT), associated with specific cell types were altered. Histopathological changes including atrophy and disturbed spermatogenesis were observed only at the 900-ppm dose level. In conclusion, we can say that the testicular and spermatotoxic effects are observed only at the highest dose level, which is not likely to be encountered in the drinking water.

17-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenases↗
PubMed2002

Some essential elements in maternal and cord blood in relation to birth weight and gestational age of the baby.

Maternal and cord blood were collected from 54 Indian women at parturition and analyzed for Zn, Cu, and Fe by flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry to determine the relationship between levels of these elements in mother's and infant's blood and maternal age, birth weight, and gestational age of the baby. The blood Zn level of mothers in the age group 24-28 yr was significantly higher than those of mothers in the age group of 18-23 yr (p<0.05). Similarly, mothers in the 24 to 28-yr group also had higher blood Fe level than mothers in the group 29-38 yr (p<0.05). The levels of Zn, Cu, and Fe were higher in the maternal blood and lower, but not significantly, in the cord blood of low-birth-weight babies than in those of normal-birth-weight babies. However, differences in the levels of Zn, Cu, and Fe between maternal and cord blood of the two birth-weight groups was statistically significant. There were no significant differences in the levels of the three elements in maternal or cord blood by the gestational age of the baby. A weak but significant correlation was found between the birth weight of the baby and the Fe level in the cord blood (r=0.26; p<0.05). Also, weak significant correlations were observed between gestational age of the baby and Fe (r=0.23; p<0.05) and Cu (r=0.31; p<0.05) levels in the cord blood. Although, there are many confounders of low birth weight and preterm deliveries, a diminished placental transfer of these essential elements could be one of the several etiological factors for low birth weight of newborns.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2002

Neuropsychological studies on lead battery workers.

This study assessed the psychological status of 60 lead-acid battery workers occupationally exposed to low level lead and 30 referents in Lucknow. Digit spans and symbol, Bourdon-wiersma vigilance and Raven's Progressive matrices tests were administered. Significant impairments in concentration, attention, auditory and visual memory, psycho-motor speed, perceptual accuracy, and visual reasoning were observed in the workers compared to the referents. The deficits were not related to exposure duration since the magnitude of the impairments observed in workers with 1-y duration was the same as in those with more (up to 30 years) work duration. The blood lead of the battery workers was significantly elevated. There were functional deficits of the central nervous system in the lead-acid battery workers.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2002

Relationships of maternal blood lead and disorders of pregnancy to neonatal birthweight.

Transient complications of pregnancy (anemia, toxemia, proteinuria, arterial hypertension and hyperemesis) were studied in pregnant women from the general population reporting to local hospitals. Comparison of blood lead levels (PbB) was made between women with normal pregnancies and those with complications. Significantly higher PbB were found in women with pregnancy complications as compared to those with normal pregnancies. Increments in the PbB levels were accompanied by statistically significant decrements in neonate birthweights. Complications of pregnancy may be induced by higher PbB and may also compound the adverse effects of decrements of neonate birthweights

Adolescent↗
PubMed2001

Male reproductive effect of arsenic in mice.

Arsenic, a known human carcinogen, was given to mice via drinking water as sodium arsenite at a dose 53.39, 133.47, 266.95 and 533.90 micromol 1 for 35 days. A decrease in the activity of 17 beta HSD along with increase in LDH, gammaGT activity were observed at 533.90 micromol l. The observed sperm count, motility and morphological abnormalities in sperm were similar to control at lower dose levels. However at 533.90 micromol l a significant decrease in sperm count and motility along with increase in abnormal sperm were noticed. Significant accumulation of arsenic in testes and accessory sex organs may be attributed to the arsenic binding to the tissues or greater cellular uptake. No effects were observed on indices studied for reproductive effects at 53.39 micromol l arsenic close to which human being are exposed through drinking water under the present set of experimental conditions.

Animals↗
PubMed2001

Blood lead and zinc in pregnant women and their offspring in intrauterine growth retardation cases.

As part of our program to investigate the possible role of environmental pollutants in the incidence of intrauterine-growth retardation (IUGR) in India, we determined the lead and zinc levels in mothers and neonatal blood, collected at parturition, in cases with normal and IUGR babies. Both maternal and cord blood lead levels were significantly higher in IUGR cases than in normal cases (p < 0.05). The mean level of zinc was also higher in maternal blood of IUGR cases. Significantly, the mean cord blood lead level was > 10 microg/dL, which is greater than Centers for Disease Control's intervention level, in 54% of newborns. A good correlation (r = 0.53, p < 0.01) between maternal and cord blood lead levels confirmed the transfer of lead from mother to the fetus. There was a weak but significant relationhsip between cord blood lead levels and birth weight of newborns (r = -0.22, p < 0.05). The study may serve as a pointer to the perils of in utero exposure to chemical contaminants and a call for measures by the public health authorities for a continuous bio-monitoring program to evaluate impact of environmental pollutants on women and children's health.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Induction of chromosome aberrations, micronucleus formation and sperm abnormalities in mouse following carbofuran exposure.

Carbofuran was tested to study in vivo cytogenetic effects in mouse bone marrow cells and morphological alterations in sperms. The acute oral and intraperitoneal (i.p.) LD(50) of carbofuran was determined to be 9.5 or 2.0 mg/kg b.w. in mice, respectively. The animals were orally administered 1.9, 3.8 or 5.7 mg/kg b.w. (20, 40 and 60% of LD(50)) of carbofuran for 24 h or 1.9 mg/kg b.w. for 4 consecutive days (cumulative 7.6 mg/kg or 80% of LD(50)) to analyse chromosome aberrations (CAs). For micronucleus test (MT) animals were orally exposed to 5.7 mg/kg b.w. for 24 and 48 h or 1.9 mg/kg b.w. for 4 consecutive days. For reference mice were exposed to peanut oil (negative control) and cyclophosphamide (20 mg/kg) or ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS: 100 mg/kg) positive control for CAs and MT respectively. To analyse the effect on sperm morphology mice were exposed to single i.p. dose of 1 and 2 mg/kg b.w. of carbofuran and repeatedly to 0.5 mg/kg for 5 consecutive days. Cytogenetic analysis revealed that all the test doses induced mitotic inhibition, CAs, micronucleus (MN) formation and sperm abnormalities in a dose dependent manner. Present observations concurrent with earlier reports substantiate the genotoxic potential of carbofuran and possible risk to human beings.

Animals↗
PubMed2000

Chlorinated pesticides and heavy metals in human semen.

The concentration of chlorinated pesticides and heavy metals (lead and cadmium) was measured using gas liquid chromatography and the graphite tube atomizer of atomic absorption spectrophotometer, respectively, in semen samples collected from men in the normal human population. Significant concentrations of lead and cadmium were detected. Significant amounts of hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH) and its isomers alpha, beta, gamma and delta, the dichlorodiphenyl trichloroethane (DDT) metabolite 1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-bis (p chlorophenyl ethane) (pp'-DDE) and low values of 1,1,2-dichloro-2, 2-bis(p chlorophenyl ethane) (pp'-DDD) aldrin or endosulfan were detected. The presence of these xenobiotics in human semen might be related to the extensive use of pesticides, emission of exhaust from motor vehicles, consumption of tobacco and industrial operations.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Nutritional risk factors in esophageal cancer.

OBJECTIVE: The present case-control study was undertaken with the objective to study the nutritional risk factors associated with esophageal cancer. METHODOLOGY: One hundred and fifty diagnosed esophageal cancer patients and an equal number of healthy individuals constituted the patient and control groups, respectively. Dietary consumption pattern during the preceding 20 years prior to the diagnosis of esophageal cancer was assessed utilising the standard food frequency questionnaire method. Information on alcohol consumption, smoking habits, chewing of betel leaf with tobacco was also collected. RESULTS: Multivariate analysis revealed that the risk of esophageal cancer was 7.81 times (p < 0.01) higher with daily consumption of alcohol. The risk increased to 3.16 times (p < 0.01) with the daily habit of chewing of betel leaf with tobacco. Nearly a two fold risk was observed when the consumption of "other vegetables" was less than four times per week. A 1.95 times (p < 0.01) increase in risk was observed with the daily habit of bidi smoking. CONCLUSION: Cancers in general are multifactorial in origin, and several environmental interactions are possible. It is not easy to quantify the contribution of diet to cancer risk. However, the results of the present study suggested that nutritional factors do play a role.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Agricultural produce in the dry bed of the River Ganga in Kanpur, India--a new source of pesticide contamination in human diets.

Vegetables grown in the dry bed field of the River Ganga in Kanpur, an important industrial city of North India, were analysed for the pesticides hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH), dichlorodiphenyl trichloroethane (DDT), their isomers and metabolites at three different sites. Residues of both the pesticides were found in all the samples. Mean levels of 109.35, 136.76 and 145.93 microg HCH/kg and 6.64, 49.3 and 46.70 microg DDT/kg were found in the rural upstream, city and downstream industrial areas, respectively. The mean total HCH and DDT levels were within safe limits as per the Indian Standard but some samples had HCH levels above the WHO/FAO limit. The pesticide residue level in vegetables was several fold higher than their surrounding sandy soil and could pose health problems since these popular vegetables are consumed regularly by the population.

Crops, Agricultural↗