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Biomedical subjects

S P Saha

Publications and source records attributed to S P Saha.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2001

Visceral afferent hypersensitivity in irritable bowel syndrome--evaluation by cerebral evoked potential after rectal stimulation.

OBJECTIVES: Gut hypersensitivity has been shown to be present in irritable bowel syndrome. The current study sought to determine the involvement or hypersensitivity of the gut afferents, objectively, by recording cerebral evoked potential after rectal stimulation. METHODS: In 13 patients with irritable bowel syndrome and nine healthy controls, rectal perception thresholds to electrical stimulation were measured, and cerebral evoked potentials were recorded from 2 cm behind vertex (Cz') after rectal stimulation electrically (frequency 1 Hz, duration 0.5 ms) at an intensity 50% above perception threshold and with filter setting 1-250 Hz. RESULTS: Perception thresholds to rectal electrical stimuli in patients with irritable bowel syndrome were lower than controls (p < 0.05). Rectal stimulation led to recognizable and reproducible cerebral evoked potentials. P1, N1, P2 latencies in patients with irritable bowel syndrome were shorter than that in controls (p < 0.05). P1/N1 amplitude was greater in patients with irritable bowel syndrome than in controls (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The shorter latency and increased amplitude of cerebral evoked potential after rectal stimulation in patients with irritable bowel syndrome compared to controls provide objective evidence supporting visceral afferent hypersensitivity as the underlying mechanism in irritable bowel syndrome.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Giant pulmonary cyst simulating tension pneumothorax.

Giant pulmonary cyst is a rare clinico-pathological entity. It was described as a "windy tumor" by John Floyer in 1726. Since that time, there have been numerous reports on this unique manifestation of emphysema by many authors. In this report, we report one such interesting case who was diagnosed as tension pneumothorax.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Trigeminal neuralgia: current concepts and management.

Trigeminal neuralgia is the most frequent cranial neuralgia, the incidence being 1 per 1,000,00 persons per year. It presents with stabbing pain often in the distribution of the mandibular and maxillary divisions of the trigeminal nerve. An accurate history of pain is important in the diagnosis of trigeminal neuralgia. A patient with tic douloureux and no neurological abnormality on clinical examination does not need diagnostic tests. The available options for management of trigeminal neuralgia are: Pharmacotherapy, destructive procedures and non-destructive procedures. The pharmacotherapy includes (i) monotherapy with one anticonvulsant, (ii) combined therapy with more than one anticonvulsant, (iii) add-on therapy with newer drugs and (iv) polytherapy with anticonvulsant + add-on drugs + antidepressants/anxiolytics. Destructive procedures include (i) non-surgical methods--injections along trigeminal pathways, percutaneous trigeminal radiofrequency thermocoagulation and (ii) surgical methods--trigeminal branch avulsion or peripheral neurectomy, avulsion of trigeminal nerve, trigeminal tractotomy, radiosurgery. Though various modalities of treatment are available for the management of trigeminal neuralgia, pharmacotherapy with carbamazepine still remains the first line of treatment. The alternative approach followed at most centres is percuatenous Gasserian rhizolysis (chemical/radiofrequency thermal) or microvascular decompression.

Analgesics, Non-Narcotic↗
PubMed1999

Profile of non-compressive myelopathy in eastern India: a 2-year study.

Eighty-two patients with non-compressive myelopathy have been studied from July 1994 to June 1996 in Bangur Institute of Neurology and S.S.K.M. Hospital, Calcutta, of which 48 patients were men and 34 patients were women. Presentation was acute in 40 patients (48.78%), subacute in 7 (8.53%), chronic in 27 (32.92%) and history of relapse and remission in 8 (9.75%) patients. Preceding as well as simultaneous fever was observed in 16 cases (19.5%); vaccination (anti-rabies) in 1 case (1.21%); drug abuse in 1 case (1.21%); arthralgia-myalgia and rash in 2 cases (2.42%) and history of electrocution in 2 cases (2.42%). Only pyramidal tract involvement was present in 24 cases (29.26%) and remaining 58 cases (70.73%) had pyramidal tract affection with other sites of involvement. CSF study carried out in 60 cases, revealed rise of protein in 31 (37.8%); oligoclonal band had been detected in 6 (7.31%), pleocytosis in 18 cases (21.95%) and increased IgG index greater than 6.66 in 2 cases (2.42%). CT myelogram done in 23 cases revealed no abnormality. MRI study carried out in 59 cases showed myelomalacia in 1 (1.21%); demyelination plaque in 14 cases (17.07%); atrophy of cord in 3 (3.65%); infarction of cord in 1 (1.21%) and in 40 cases (48.78%) no abnormality could be detected. Etiological diagnosis could be established in 59 (71.95%) cases such as transverse myelitis or myelopathy (post infectious) in 24 (29.26%); demyelination in 16 (19.51%); vascular and vasculitis in 3 (3.65%); toxic in 1 (1.21%); physical (electrocution) in 2 cases (2.42%). In the remaining 23 cases (28.04%) no aetiological factors could be found.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Clinical profile of multiple sclerosis in Bengal.

Forty five patients of multiple sclerosis diagnosed on the basis of Poser's criteria from West Bengal were studied. The male-female ratio was 1:1.5, mean age of onset 31.83 years in male and 29.11 years in females. The maximum cases were between the 3rd and 4th decade. Definite MS comprised of 60%, while remaining 40% were probable. Visual impairment (53.33%), weakness of limbs (31.11%) and sensory paraesthesia (20%) were the common presenting symptoms whereas pyramidal tract involvement (93.33%) with absent abdominal reflexes (90%) and optic pallor (64.44%) were common signs. Posterior column and spinothalamic sensations were involved in 55% and 51% of cases respectively. Inter-nuclear ophthalmoplegia was present in 6.66% of cases. Pattern of involvement commonly showed three or more sites of lesion. Optico-spinal affection was present in 22.2% of cases. Relapsing and remitting course was found in 48. 91%, relapsing and progressive course in 33.33% and chronic progressive in 17.8%. MRI of brain showed positive results in 16 out of 23 cases. CSF study showed increased positivity in estimation of immunoglobulin level than oligoclonal band. Findings revalidate the disease pattern as being similar to that in other parts of India as well as Asia.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Clinical profile of myasthenia gravis.

Seventy three patients with myasthenia gravis were studied over 9 years period (1987-1995) in departments of neuromedicine, respiratory care unit, cardiothoracic unit of Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research and Bangur Institute of Neurology, Calcutta, with reference to their clinical presentations, laboratory findings and various modes of treatment. Commonest age of presentation was 5th decade in men and 3rd decade in women. Fifty five percent of patients belong to type 2A myasthenia gravis (Osserman classification). Presentation was insidious (67.2%) and course was slowly progressive (65.7%) in majority of cases. Fatigability and ptosis were commonest clinical presentation and diurnal variation was noticed in 60% of cases. Edrophonium test was positive in 90.4% of cases and repetitive nerve stimulation showed 93.5% positivity in 30 cases. 27 patients (36.9%) underwent thymectomy and out of these, 89% of patients showed hyperplastic change and thymoma in 11% of cases. Mortality rate including both operated and nonoperated patients was recorded to be 9.6%. We observed earlier onset of myasthenia in male, higher incidence of oculo-bulbar involvement and lower incidence of respiratory problem and thymoma.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

Pattern of motor neurone disease in eastern India.

A clinical study about the pattern of motor neurone disease in eastern India was carried out from July 1993 to June 1995 at Bangur Institute of Neurology, Calcutta and SSKM Hospital, Calcutta. A total of 110 cases were studied and they constituted 0.11% of all neurological cases seen in the general OPD. Of 110 cases, amyotropic lateral sclerosis (ALS) constituted 43.6%, progressive muscular atrophy (PMA) 10.9%, post-polio progressive muscular atrophy (PPMA) 1.8%, spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) 20%, atypical form Madras pattern of MND (MMND) 0.9% and monomelic amyotrophy (MMA) 22.7% of cases. Disease is more common in males than females and average duration of symptoms before presentation varied from 1 to 12 months. Most of the patients were either agricultural labourers or manual workers in ALS variety whereas MMA variety was evenly distributed in both hard labourers and sedentary workers. Most of the patients in MMA and SMA groups presented before 30 years of age whereas ALS and PMA group presented after 30 years. Trauma was the commonest antecedent event in ALS and MMA followed by electrocution in the same two groups. Family history was found to be absent in SMA group though the disease is considered as a hereditary one. Weakness of the limbs and wasting of the muscles were common presenting symptoms and signs. Bulbar symptoms and signs were found only in the ALS group. EMG showed neurogenic pattern and mixed pattern in most of the patients in all groups. Only a few patients showed myopathic pattern. Neuroimaging study helped in exclusion of compressive lesion excepting two cases of MMA where facetal hypertrophy was present. Monomelic amyotrophy, a special variety of motor neurone disease, is not rare in this part as compared to other parts of India and Asia.

Female↗
PubMed1997

Surgical management of intrathoracic goiter.

Intrathoracic goiter is a rare clinical entity. This goiter can develop slowly and the patient may be asymptomatic for many years. A significant number of these patients, however, may develop various complications as a result of compression of vital structures or malignancy. In this report, the surgical management of 18 cases of intrathoracic goiter are reviewed. Six of the patients underwent right thoracotomy with resection of the posterior mediastinal goiter. The remaining 12 patients had their tumor removed via median sternotomy. There were no surgical deaths within this series. Although the incidence of intrathoracic tumor is limited, the threat of malignancy and compressive symptoms clearly indicates the need for surgical excision. Our group recommends thoracotomy and median sternotomy for surgical excision.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Carotid endarterectomy in a community hospital.

Despite the popularity of carotid endarterectomy, considerable debate remains regarding the appropriateness of these procedures. Critics of carotid endarterectomy cite the excessive morbidity and mortality associated with these procedures, particularly when performed in a community hospital setting. A retrospective study of 130 procedures, involving 124 patients within a medium size community hospital setting, was conducted. Indications for the procedure, associated comorbidities, and complication rates were reviewed. The incidence of stroke with subsequent mortality was 0.8% within the study group. One patient (0.8%) developed acute coronary insufficiency and underwent coronary artery bypass surgery. Five (4.0%) other patients experienced minor complications. Carotid endarterectomy is a proven prophylactic measure against the prevention of stroke in a selected group of patients. This study reinforces that this procedure may be performed in a community hospital setting with very low morbidity and mortality rates.

Aged↗
PubMed1983

Spontaneous pneumothorax in the newborn.

Spontaneous pneumothorax is more frequent during the newborn period than at any other time in childhood. Intubation, vigorous resuscitation, aspiration of meconium-stained amniotic fluid, and hyaline membrane disease have been associated most often with the occurrence of spontaneous pneumothorax; however, it may occur in the absence of any of these precursors. Most pneumothoraces occur in term babies (64%); however, the premature infant is more susceptible. Signs and symptoms are due chiefly to lung compression and include grunting, tachypnea, cyanosis, and retraction. The accumulation of air serves as an intrathoracic space-occupying lesion, an emergency condition that demands prompt diagnosis and treatment.

Female↗
PubMed1982

Acute empyema in children treated by open thoracotomy and decortication.

Acute nontuberculous empyema treated conventionally by thoracentesis, thoracostomy drainage, and antibiotics has an unacceptably high rate of morbidity and mortality. Early open thoracotomy to eliminate the empyema with decortication of the fibrinous peel and reexpansion of the lung has proven safe and effective for 25 years. The goals of treatment of acute nontuberculous empyema are: (1) to save life, (2) to eliminate the empyema, (3) to reexpand the trapped lung, (4) to restore mobility of the chest wall and diaphragm, (5) to return respiratory function to normal, (6) to eliminate complications or chronicity, and (7) to reduce the duration of hospital stay. Our studies confirm the normal values to be expected in patients who have had complete recovery from the acute empyema, and we lay to rest any concern that decortication might, in time, limit pulmonary function. We present the cases of 21 children who had acute and mature empyemas that were treated by open thoracotomy and decortication, with an average follow-up of 18 years, among whom there were no deaths or complications.

Acute Disease↗