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Biomedical subjects

S P Mukherjee

Publications and source records attributed to S P Mukherjee.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2000

Psychiatric morbidity of a rural Indian community. Changes over a 20-year interval.

BACKGROUND: Cross-sectional studies give no indication of the changes that may occur in the mental health status of a community in course of times. Studies should be designed to assess these changes. AIMS: To assess the changes, if any, in the prevalence of mental disorders in a rural community after an interval of 20 years in the context of its changing socio-economic conditions. METHOD: A door-to-door survey of the prevalence of psychiatric morbidity in two villages was conducted by a team of psychiatrists. The survey was repeated after 20 years by the same team and by the same method. Changes in the mental health status of the community were compared. RESULTS: Total morbidity per 1000 fell from 116.8 to 105.2. Morbidity in men fell from 86.9 to 73.5 per 1000 and in women from 146.8 to 138.3 per 1000. Rates of anxiety, hysteria and phobia had fallen dramatically and those of depression and mania had risen significantly. CONCLUSION: The level of psychiatric morbidity showed no statistically significant change. The morbidity pattern (relative proportion of type of morbidity), however, showed some interesting changes. Similar studies should be done on a larger sample.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

Similar activities of nerve growth factor and its homologue proinsulin in intracellular hydrogen peroxide production and metabolism in adipocytes. Transmembrane signalling relative to insulin-mimicking cellular effects.

Generation of hydrogen peroxide in adipocyte plasma membrane and its intracellular metabolism and regulatory role have been shown by Mukherjee and co-workers to be a major effector system for insulin [Fedn Proc. 35, 1694 (1976); Archs Biochem. Biophys. 184, 69 (1977); Biochem. Pharmac. 27, 2589 (1978); Fedn Proc. 37, 1689 (1978); and Biochem. Pharmac. 29, 1239 (1980)]. The possible involvement of this mechanism in the action of structurally similar polypeptides having some insulin-like metabolic effects was investigated. The beta-subunit of nerve growth factor (2.5 S NGF, mol. wt 13,500) which has a striking structural homology with proinsulin and has been reported to exert certain insulin-like metabolic effects in its own target tissues (e.g. growing neurites and sympathetic ganglia), and the insulin-derived polypeptides, desalanine-insulin and desoctapeptide-insulin, as well as proinsulin, were examined for their effects on rat adipocytes, employing the technique of formate oxidation. Both NGF and proinsulin caused increased [14C]formate oxidation, showing similar intrinsic activities, up to a maximum of 140-160% of the basal rate; insulin increased the rate to 190-210% of the basal rate. The relative potencies of the hormones toward H2O2 formation and stimulation of the pentose phosphate pathway activity were: insulin (EC50: 2.5 x 10(-11) M), desalanine-insulin (EC50: 2.5 x 10(-10) M), proinsulin (EC50: 8 x 10(-9) M), and NGF (EC50: 10(-9) M). The biologically inactive derivative, desoctapeptide-insulin, did not stimulate glucose oxidation, although it caused a small increase in formate oxidation, with an EC50 of 5 x 10(-7) M, indicating a suboptimal level of H2O2 formation in the elevation of the hexose monophosphate shunt activity. 3-Amino-1,2,4-triazole (50 mM), which irreversibly decomposes the peroxidatic compound II of the catalase: H2O2 complex, inhibited formate oxidation to a greater extent in the hormone-treated cells than in the control cells, whereas sodium azide, an inhibitor of the hemoprotein, catalase, completely inhibited it. The abilities of the polypeptides to stimulate H2O2 formation correlated with their abilities to promote lipogenesis from [U-14C]-D-glucose, as expected of insulin. The cellular GSH/GSSG ratio increased concomitantly with the stimulation of glucose oxidation via the shunt, indicating a tight coupling between these processes. The results confirm that the hydrogen peroxide production is a common basis of the metabolic actions of growth-promoting polypeptide hormones or mitogens beyond their respective receptors.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed1980

Socio-economic status and mental morbidity in certain tribes and castes in India--a cross-cultural study.

The authors made a field-survey of mental morbidity in all the tribal and caste groups residing in a cluster of villages in West Bengal, India, and found that, in each group, higher socio-economic classes had higher rates of mental morbidity. Different groups having a similar cultural pattern showed no significant difference in their rates of morbidity. Groups having different cultural patterns differed significantly in their rates of morbidity. In the tribal groups some neurotic disorders were absent.

Cross-Cultural Comparison↗
PubMed1979

Role of cellular redox state and glutathione in adenylate cyclase activity in rat adipocytes.

Adenylate cyclase in rat adipocyte membranes was inactivated as a result of treatment with sulfhydryl oxidants or with p-chloromercuribenzoate as well as by S-alkylating agents. The inhibition of the basal and isoproterenol- or glucagon-stimulated enzyme activity by the oxidants or the mercurial could be reversed by adding thiols to the isolated membranes. The activity of the enzyme paralleled the cellular glutathione (GSH) content. Lowering of intracellular glutathione by incubating the cells with specific reactants resulted in the inhibition of both basal and hormone-stimulated adenylate cyclase activity in the isolated membranes. Activity could be partly restored by supplying glucose to the incubation medium of intact cells. The fluoride-stimulated adenylate cyclase was also inhibited by the oxidants or the sulfhydryl inhibitors. The results suggest that adenylate cyclase may be partly regulated by oxidation-reduction. Thus, a direct relationship between both basal and hormone-stimulated adenylate cyclase activity and the cellular redox potential, determined by the cellular level of reduced glutathione, may be ascribed to the protection of the catalytic -SH groups of the enzyme from oxidative or peroxidative reactions and maintenance of the redox optimum for the reaction.

Adenylyl Cyclases↗
PubMed1978

Pulmonary oxygen toxicity in chickens and rabbits.

Chickens exposed to hyperbaric oxygen (3 to 5 ATA) or to 100% oxygen at atmospheric pressure for prolonged periods showed no pathologic pulmonary damage, although hydrogen peroxide did accumulate in their airways. Superoxide dismutase in the peripheral nucleated red blood cells and the rate of oxidation of specifically labeled glucose were increased in chickens exposed to hyperbaric oxygen for three hours. Superoxide dismutase increased in the lung lavage of the rabbits and in the peripheral nucleated red blood cells. Glucose oxidation was unchanged. The difference in superoxide dismutase is probably the result of the desquamated, damaged cells found in the rabbit lung lavage. That only rabbit bronchi are lined with oxidant-sensitive ciliated cells suggests that the absence of these ciliated cells in fowl may well be responsible for the observed resistance of these birds to oxidant damage by oxygen.

Animals↗